Famous masters of the past - Qing - Jinnong

Jin Nong: (1687-1764) Famous painter of the Qing Dynasty. The word Shoumen, the number winter heart. There are many other names, including: Golden Bull, Lao Ding, GuQuan, Bamboo Spring, Qujiang Waishi, Ji Mei Lord, Lotus Resident, Dragon Shuttle Immortal, Shame Chun Weng, Shou Daoshi, Jin Ji Jin, Su Fa Luo Ji Su Fa Luo (the Buddhist classic "Su Fa Luo" is the Chinese "Jin" character, Su Fa Luo Ji Su Fa Luo is Jin Ji Jin), Xin Shu Liu Lang, Xian Tan Flower Sweeper, Jin Niu Lake Conference Elder, One Hundred and Two Yan Tian Rich Man, etc. Originally from Renhe (present-day Hangzhou), Zhejiang, he lived in Yangzhou for a long time. I have never done peace in my life. Good sex travel, "footprints half the world". He was curious and studious, working on poetic calligraphy, poetry ancient and peculiar, and proficient in identification. Calligraphy creates a flat pen style, which has both a italic and a subordinate posture, and is sometimes called "lacquer book". His collection of gold and stone texts amounted to a thousand volumes. In the first year of Qianlong (1736 AD), it was not enough to recommend erudition. He didn't paint until he was fifty-three years old. His paintings are strangely ancient, and he makes good use of light ink dry pens for floral sketches. Painting bamboo for the first time, following the painting of horses, painting Buddha statues, painting Mei can be more original as one of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou". Representative works include: "East Calyx Tuhua Diagram", "Empty Han Rusa Diagram", "Lamei First BloomIng Diagram", "Jade Butterfly Qingbiao Map", "Tiexuan Loose Flower Diagram", "Bodhisattva Miaoxiang Diagram", "Qiongzi Qian Appreciation Map" and so on. His writings include "Winter Heart Poems", "Winter Heart Essays", "Winter Heart Painting Plum Inscriptions", "Winter Heart Painting Horses", "Winter Heart Miscellaneous Works" and other books.

Jin Nong (1687-1763) was a Qing Dynasty native of Renhe (present-day Hangzhou) and lived in Yangzhou. Taste the signature of the money known as Jinjijin, Sanskrit gold for Suvaro, so engraved a seal known as Suvaroji Suvaro. There is also the Golden Bull. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), he recommended Hongbo. Curious and ancient, collecting thousands of volumes of golden stone texts. Fine appreciation, Gongshu, Kai Li Ben's National Mountain and Tianfa Divine Curse two stele, and self-created one grid, between Li and Kai. The seal gets rid of Wen and He, immerses Qin and Han, and occasionally uses these two stele methods. Hi for poetry, praise, essays, out of different genres. In the fifties of the year, he began to engage in painting, involving brushes that is, ancient times, getting rid of the habits of painters, and seeing many monuments. The first writing of the bamboo master stone room old man, the number of the mountain people, the following painting of the plum master White Jade Toad, the number of the former evil resident. Painting the Buddha trumpet heart monk. He also painted the horse to claim to be Cao and Han Fa, and The King of Zhao was not inferior. Its landscapes, flowers and fruits are arranged in a strange way, and the dots are idle and cold, which is not seen in the world, and the cover is intended. Ask the question of the Betdo Dragon Dragon and the like. Life is good to travel, late in Yangzhou selling calligraphy and painting to self-sufficiency, as one of the eight monsters of Yangzhou. His wife died childlessly and she never returned. Died at the age of seventy-seven. One is seventy-eight. He is the author of twenty-four miscellaneous poems of Winter Heart Inscription Painting, Winter Heart Painting, and Winter Heart Poetry.

Jin Nong, a native of Hangzhou, was one of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou" in the Qing Dynasty. He went to Yangzhou at the age of 30 and began to learn to paint at the age of 50. People call it "the brush is ancient, and it is out of the habit of the painter." ”

The "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou" is a legendary group of painters active in yangzhou in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, who have become an important topic in the study of the history of Qing Dynasty painting with a painting style that is completely different from orthodox painting and a lifestyle that is very different from that of official literati painters.

Among these painters, Jin Nong (Dong Xin) has been selling paintings in Yangzhou for the longest time, and his artistic creation is also the first among the "eight monsters". Jin Nong is a native of Hangzhou, who has studied literature since childhood and has a high literary attainment. Around the age of 30, he came to Yangzhou, which regarded Jinnong as his second hometown with its prosperity and beauty at that time, until he died of old age.

Jin Nong's paintings and calligraphy are very personal, and he is good at plum bamboo, kurama, Buddha statues, figures, and landscapes in his paintings. Yangzhou's eight monster painting style is mostly known for its indulgence and wantonness, while Jin Nong relies on rich cultivation to enter the painting with the meaning of gold and stone, creating a style with timeless meaning and clumsy pen and ink. Although he only began to paint formally at the age of 50, his strong academic training made him extraordinary, and people called him "involved in the brush is ancient, and he got rid of the habit of a painter", as evidenced by the "Jade Kettle Spring Color Map". This painting was painted in the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong, and the painter is already 75 years old, which is a meticulous work of his twilight years. This painting is made on silk and colored, 131 cm long and 42 cm wide, which is a larger work of his work. Mei, pine and bamboo, also known as the "Three Friends of the Cold Year", is a symbol of high character, often becoming a painting subject for literati painters to compare themselves with, and is also one of the favorite subjects of Jinnong. In order to create his own plum blossom style, he immersed himself in the study of Wang Shishen and Gao Xiang's plum blossoms, who were also "eight monsters", and thought that Wang Fan and Gao Jian, so he created his own plum blossom image "between not neglecting and not being complicated".

The jade pot spring color map intercepts the middle part of the trunk of the plum tree, runs through the middle, stands on top of the sky, and has a strange layout, which is very different from the common composition of the folded branches or the whole tree. With a large pen laying branches, small pen hook petals, and yi pen grass, at first glance it seems to be out of proportion, but in fact, it vividly expresses the inner spiritual outlook of the plum tree in the soft and ice muscle. The branches are dense, interspersed with threads, flat and rich, "scattered but not scattered". The control of ink painting is also handy, with the light ink full of water, the writing technique is dry, and the moss is dotted with thick ink, which shows the character of old Mei Linghan. The picture is elegant and beautiful, condensed and concise; the pen and ink are elegant and elegant, pure and natural. From the shape of the trunk to the use of pen and ink, it is all based on the importance of interest, and does not lose the flavor of literati painting. At the upper end of the right side of the picture, there is the painter's self-title, which is to recall the love affair of Guan Yuan to the Great Youth Gong Fan Dwarf Plum Scroll 50 years ago. Fang Xuan's "Mountain Quiet Residence on Painting" Yun: "The painting has a title that can not be written, but the winter heart painting cannot be untitled, the new words are words, and the magic is clever." This shows that in Jinnong's paintings, long inscriptions are the characteristics of Jinnong. In contrast to the elegant meaning of the picture, it is the original font "lacquer book" of his inscription. This font is dedicated to the flat pen, in and out of the Li Kai, square and simple, bold and heavy, like tender and old, like easy and difficult. The styles of painting, calligraphy and seals are highly unified, constituting Jinnong's art world. As Qin Zuyong said in "On the Painting of Tong Yin": "Jin Shou men are high-minded, empty-eyed, display their remains, and have another kind of qigu qi that surprises people——— and the real people write and ink." ”

Plum blossoms are like lotus flowers, and they are also the objects of depictions by the literati of past generations. Jin Nong's painting of plums is a must, and Jiang Baoling wrote in the "Qindong Noya Collection": "Dongxin painted plums with many wild plums, thin branches like thorn paintings blooming; light ink halo flowers are clear and energetic, and Xiao Shante passed Wang and Xin." The Yuan Dynasty painting Mei Dawang Mian and Xingong are considered to be inferior to Jinnong in terms of Xiao San here. In fact, Jinnong himself once said that his plum blossoms were taken from the pink plum scroll of Fasingon and the red plum vertical scroll of the crown, indicating that he had benefited a lot from their paintings. This "Jade Kettle Spring Color Map" was made by him for his fellow countryman Gong Xianglin. With a light ink color and pale brushstrokes, the thick old stem of the ancient tree is dyed, so that it protrudes upwards, and three or five oblique branches are inserted next to it, which not only enriches the level of the picture, but also highlights the pearl-like jade of the green plum, pure and lovely, and the charm is simple and elegant. In terms of technique, he took the strengths of each family, took advantage of his ancient book style of gold and stone interest, and wrote in a boneless way. It forms a unique style of thin as a hungry crane, as clear as the moon, and as thin as a dragon. With this ancient picture, it expresses the spirit of arrogance and high standards, and expresses the attitude of self-improvement. While "portraying Brother Mei", he also portrays himself. He once planted thirty old plum plants next to his residence, braving the phoenix snow to repeatedly figure out the forward and reverse sides of the plum branches, densely interspersed. I have also stepped on the snow to inspect the wild plums on the River Road, and he froze and waved everything in order to seek the realm of "playing with frozen pen heads, for the painting intention to have first". This painting is a representative of his countless plum works, the inscription is "Recommend the Erudite Hongzi Hangjun Jinnong Painting", Jinnong's life is bumpy, here deliberately so, there are many elements of black humor.

He was curious and prolific, proficient in identification, and collected thousands of volumes of gold and stone texts. After middle age, he dabbled in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hunan, Guangdong and other places, and enjoyed the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland. Later, he lived in Sanzhu Nunnery and Western Temple in Yangzhou for a long time by selling paintings, and died of old age and poverty.

The "Continuation of the Paintings of the National Dynasty" says that he "began to engage in painting in his fifties". Mr. Liu Jiu'an said that he began to paint in his sixties. He works poetry, is good at calligraphy, likes to paint plums, bamboo, Buddha statues, figures, intercropping landscapes, and is one of the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou".

Characteristics of jinnong calligraphy and painting

Brushwork is the main basis for the identification of calligraphy and painting, because the characteristics and habits of brushwork formed by a calligrapher and painter in decades of artistic practice, such as the height of the pen, vertical, lateral oblique, cantilevered, hanging elbow, hanging wrist or wrist on the paper, as well as the characteristics of light, heavy, slow and urgent when writing, it is impossible for the counterfeiter to imitate it seamlessly in the short term. Even if the works are well copied, they only have superficial appearances, and it is impossible to achieve the divine appearance, as is Jinnong's calligraphy and painting. For the convenience and understanding of the reader, calligraphy and painting are discussed separately below.

Kinnon's calligraphy

To sum up, there are two kinds of faces, one is the Xingkaishu and the other is the Lishu, these two styles of calligraphy and Jinnong are collectively called "lacquer books", and the practice is to integrate the calligraphy and belong to one variant of calligraphy.

The former (Xingkai) is quite similar to the Dragon Gate "Statue of Zheng Changyi" and "Cuan Baozi Stele", which is thick and thick with a pen, compact in body, and the body of the character is oblique. This kind of line letter, as far as the letter is concerned, has neither a light and heavy line change and a rounded turning pen, nor a wave pick in Teton, but with uniform lines and square hard turns, it writes a book similar to a single-line art character, but it also has the gumao of a instrumental script. As far as the Lishu is concerned, this kind of Xingkaishu contains the pen of the Lishu, but it does not have the beautiful posture of the Lishu. The latter (Lishu) is dominated by Zong Han and Wei, and is due to carved stones such as the Tianfa Divine Tablet and the Longmen Statue.

Jinnong's early years were written in a regular style, the strokes were thick and simple, and his strokes were not sent to the front, the structure was strict, more restrained, and less outward. After about fifty years of age, Jin Nongcai created a variant of lishu, that is, the integration of Han Li and Wei Kai, this new style of writing called "lacquer book", its strokes are square, the edges are clear, the horizontal strokes are heavy and the vertical strokes are slender, and the ink color is black and shiny, as if painted.

When writing this new book style, the tip of the brush needs to be cut off, so that the pen is square, such as a flat brush, and the corners are also square as hard as an edge, representing works such as "Xianghe Meridian Axis" and "Guangling Hostel Work Screen". The forgers lacked this knowledge, and often wrote Jinnong's lines and letters into vulgar, smooth, unchanged writings, inadvertently exposing flaws and making the appraisers have cracks to attack.

Paintings by Kinnon

Because Jinnong is knowledgeable and highly accomplished in poetry, vocabulary, and calligraphy, the paintings he makes are extraordinary and are deeply loved by people. Qin Zuyong's "Tong Yin on Painting" commented: "Involving the brush is ancient, and getting rid of the painter's habits." Indeed, through the paintings of Jinnong, the brushwork is simple and clumsy, giving people a sense of freshness and vulgarity, he "began to learn to paint bamboo at the age of more than sixty, the former xian bamboo school, I don't know someone, the house is planted and repaired about ten million, Mr. is a teacher." ("Preface to the Bamboo Inscription of Jinnong Painting"). This shows that the purpose of Jinnong's painting of bamboo is not how to accurately describe the form of bamboo, but to express the unyielding spirit of bamboo and "Frost and Proud Snow". Therefore, he painted bamboo, roughly looked at the brushwork, did not seek shape, looked at the simple and clumsy, interesting, and got rid of the painter's habits.

Jin Nong likes to paint plum blossoms, dense calyx branches, plum stems do not use hooks, but use thick and light ink to write at will, the frustration is like a seal book, the petals are intentional pen circles, and the old stem and calyx are dotted with heavy ink, showing a cold and evacuated mood. He said in the inscription poem of the Forbidden City's "Plum Blossom Picture Axis": "Yan shui is half dry with ice and ink, painting plums first painted late to cold, trees have no ugly incense stained sleeves, and people who do not love flowers do not look at it." He especially liked to paint Hanmei to express a "Qing" character, he said, "Qing is very cold, and he knows that Mingyue is the predecessor." "Ling Frost And Snow, the festival is over, I am with Jun, and the years are cold together" (see "Painting Plum Inscription"). To show his arrogance and arrogance.

Jin Nong painted Buddha statues, some dotted with mountain stones, flowers, and strange leaves, and some did not paint the background scene, but regardless of whether there was a point scene, his Buddha statues were painted peacefully, solemnly and clumsily, and he said in the "Buddha Figure Under the Dragon Tree": "Painting the bodhisattva wonderful appearance, the strange leaves, solemn in shape, like the Buddha's light up and down, hidden in the square inch." He also said: "For more than seventy years, all the delusions in the world, all kinds of births, although this body is filthy, but it is clean, and whenever it is flattened, ten fingers are new, smoked with wonderful incense, and written with honor, it is extremely solemn, and it is not yet against the law of the former sages." Many good men of the world, may they be tasted one by one, and they will always be filled with offerings to the clouds. (See "Inscription on painting the Buddha in the Winter Heart" above), which explains when and why he began to paint the Buddha.

Jinnong's portrait figure paintings are clumsy and simple, with sloppy brushes and scribbles, and do not seek similarities. From the surface, it seems to be very layman, carefully pondered, and the character's instantaneous demeanor and characteristics are captured very accurately and actively. For example, the Forbidden City's "Self-Portrait" of Jinnong uses concise lines and a few strokes to depict Jinnong's vivid and accurate form. The extraordinary facial features in the picture, the braids hanging behind the head, the unusual appearance of mortals and the extremely clumsy brushwork, successfully show the strange and secluded character of Jin Nongqi. In the painting, he inscribed himself "Yu Yin wrote a seventy-three-year-old portrait of the old people of the Three Dynasties with ink and white painting, and made a stroke on the surface of the clothes, Lu Tanwei and his teacher." "Illustrates the characteristics of this painting and the time when it was created.

Jinnong's landscape figure paintings are novel and subtle in conception, with a secluded artistic conception, clumsy brushwork, light and elegant colors, rich in beauty and elegance, and full of pen and ink interest. Jinnong's flower and fruit paintings, absorbing the calligraphy with the pen method, randomly dotting and dyeing, showing a beautiful and natural appearance, have a deep and tenacious interest in light wine.

Jinnong authenticity, ghostwriting calligraphy and painting style

Most of the paintings written by Jin Nong are clumsy and beautiful; and most of the ghostwriting works are more exquisite, and as for those works that are purely imitations out of thin air, the vast majority of painting styles are vulgar, stagnant, smooth, and have more loopholes. Regarding Jinnong's ghostwriters, he examined Luo Ping, Xiang Jun, Chen Peng, Zhu Jungu, Yang Mou, etc., and this article will not talk much.

Kinnon's seal

The author's own stamp is a proof that the work is his own handwriting, and in the absence of the author's own signature, the seal often plays a decisive role. However, future generations can use the true seals left by their predecessors as forgeries, resulting in a mixed situation of truth and falsehood. In addition, the seal can also be engraved, so the seal can only be an auxiliary basis for calligraphy and painting identification.

Jinnong's seals, according to the author's incomplete statistics, there are more than fifty parties, a small part of which are similar in seals, but the seal method, knife method and shape and size are different seals, such as "Mr. Dongxin" printed with ten parties, "Jinnong Seal Letter" has seven parties, "Jin Jijin" has five parties, "Shoumen" has four parties, "Jin's Shoumen" has three parties, "Jinnong's Seal" and "Born in Ding". In addition, "Shou", "Nong", "Jin's Eight Points", "Lotus Body Resident", "Jin Nong's Private Seal", "Jie Zhuan On Broad", "Jin Lao Ding", "One Day Idle Two Days Immortal", "Striving to Add Meals", "Works Since His Death", "Tongyi with Lin Chushi", "Guangfeng Jiyue", "Jin's Shoumen Calligraphy and Painting", "Jin's Shoumen", "Cloth Three Elders", "Dragon and Tiger Ding", "SuvaroJi Suvaro", "Shou" and "Gate" LianzhuYin and so on.

These seals still changed sooner or later, such as the early seals of "Jinnong", "Jinnong Seal Letter", "Shoumen", "Jiliu Shanmin", etc., and the seals of the middle and late years had "Baiyan weng", "Jin Laoding", "Works since the Beginning of His Death", "Jin Ji Jin", "Jin Ji Jin Yin", "Jin Shi Shou Men Calligraphy and Painting" and so on.

There are also some seals that show his thoughts of not meeting talents and dissatisfaction with reality: such as "one day to clean up two days of immortals", "to work hard to add meals", "to clean the bottle and discuss the wide" and other seals. In addition, the "Three Elders of Buyi" means that their cloth clothes are not in the three dynasties of the Qing Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. The seal of "Suvaroji Suvaro" is engraved because the Sanskrit word for "gold" is called "Suvaro".

In addition, the collection seals of some collectors with good eyesight are also very useful for helping us identify, and we cannot wait to ignore them.

Kinnon's money

In his works, the calligrapher and painter signed his own name and inscription to show that this work was his own handwriting, in order to win the trust of others. The famous money is also the place where the fake hands work the most, so the study and mastery of the author's name model is of vital importance to the identification of calligraphy and painting.

Jinnong's inscription, in addition to the law of general Qing ren signatures, also has his own characteristics. Jin Nong is knowledgeable and has a high level of literary accomplishment, so his signatures, inscriptions of poetry, word endowments, and painting theories are common, and he is also good at long questions, "Every painting must have an inscription, and it will be triggered." ”

The word "farmer" in the "Jinnong" section has five different ways of writing. Eight-point books (i.e., Lishu) written by the ages of forty to fifty are very gentle in penmanship, and after the age of fifty, the pen is hard and not soft, but the ruler of his book is different from the above, more casual and relaxed. In addition, there are many names in Jinnong, according to the author's statistics, there are a total of twenty-five people, such as "Heart Monk", "Immortal Flower Sweeper", "Guquan", "Sinong", "Winter Heart", "Ji Jin", "Hundred and Two Yantian Rich Man", "Qujiang Waishi", "Lao Ding", "Bamboo Spring", "Xiye Jushi", "Golden Bull", "Jinniu Lake Poetry Elder", "Jin Twenty-six Lang", "Jin Ji Jin", "Xiang Tie", "Shame Chun Weng", "Shou Men", "Shou Dao", "Ji Liu Shan Min", "Lotus Resident", "Lotus Resident", " Dragon Shuttle Cyclamen", "Suvaroji Suvaro", etc.

These names of Jinnong, as well as the changes in the early and late periods of Jinnong, the early models of Jinnong, Dongxin, Shoumen, Qujiangwaishi, etc., the middle and late jinnong, the "Jitian Shanmin", "Xiye Jushi", "Heart Monks", "Hundred and Two Yantian Richmen", "Shame Spring Weng", "Winter Hearts", "Heart Monks", "Heart Monks", "Congee Rice Monks", and "Qujiang Waishi". (For an explanation of some Jinnong brand name, please contact us)

The above is some knowledge about jinnong calligraphy and painting to identify forgeries, or the basis, master it, your identification level will be greatly improved. However, it is not enough to grasp these keys, but also in line with the philosophy of practicing true knowledge, looking at more physical objects, and constantly improving their eyesight, in order to make themselves invincible.

Jin Nong (1687--1763), zi Shou Men, Si Nong, Ji Jin, Dong Xin, also known as Ji Liu Shan Min, Qu Jiang Wai Shi, Xi Ye Ju Shi and so on. A native of Renhe (present-day Hangzhou), Zhejiang, he lived in Yangzhou for a long time. He did not become an official in his lifetime, and was recommended to learn the erudition of hongzi, and returned to Beijing without trying. Good travel, "footprint half the world". Erudite and versatile, fine seal carving, identification, good at painting bamboo, plum, kurama, Buddha statues, figures, landscapes. Yu Jing Mo Mei. The plum blossoms are full of flowers and vitality, and they are also written with ancient and clumsy gold and stone, and the style is quaint and simple. However, many of the works were ghostwritten by Luo Ping. He is also good at inscriptions, "After every painting is completed, there must be an inscription, a touch of feeling", and he is also good at calligraphy and engraving. The calligraphy is taken from the "Tianfa Divine Confession Monument", "Guoshan Monument", and "Gu Lang Monument". The writing of the Lishu is simple, and the script is self-created, known as the "Lacquer Book". The seal is engraved with the Qin and Han laws. The poems include "Mr. Winter Heart Collection" and "Mr. Winter Heart Miscellaneous Works", and their calligraphy and painting inscriptions have been compiled into Winter Heart Painting Bamboo, Painting Plum, Painting Horse, Self-Portrait, Miscellaneous Painting Inscription, etc.