Peng Duanshu.
"Is it difficult or easy to do things in the world? For this, it is easy to be difficult; if it is not, it is also difficult to be easy. Is it difficult to learn human beings? If you learn, it is easy to learn, and if you don't learn, it is easy to learn. I believe that even after closing the book for many years, the classic sentences in "For Learning" can still evoke the memories of many people, but few people know that the author of the article, Peng Duanshu, is a native of Danling County, our city.
Peng Duanshu (彭端淑), courtesy name Lezhai (字樂斋), was a famous writer and educator of the Qing Dynasty, who, together with Li Tiaoyuan and Zhang Wentao (Zhang Chuanshan), was known to posterity as the "Three Talents of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty", which had a profound impact on later generations. In this issue, let's pull out the smoke clouds of history and explore the story of Peng Duanshu.
Honesty and honesty are officials, honest government, and love the people
Peng Duanshu's family has a good family style, from a young age by the ancestors "reverence for the floating, but also suitable mechanics, do not give up on themselves" teachings, he himself is not only intelligent but also very studious, 10 years old can write articles, 12 years old into Danling County School, in Danling Cuilong Mountain Ziyun Temple hard study.
In the 11th year of Yongzheng, Peng Duanshu was admitted as a jinshi and was appointed as the chief of the Inspection and Sealing Department of the Ministry of Officials. In the ten years of Qianlong, he was promoted to the rank of foreign lang, and the rotation of the wenxuan silangzhong. In 12 years, Qianlong served as the same examiner for the shuntianfu township examination, and for 20 years, Qianlong was sent as an envoy to the Zhaoluo Provincial Bureau of Guangdong Province, which was "the key mouth of the Three Rivers, the important place of the Ping domain of the Five Prefectures".
Peng Duanshu is an official who is clean and upright, single-mindedly serving the people, treating the people with generosity, and often encouraging himself with "purity and prudence". He explicitly ordered that all the prefectures and counties he went to were forbidden to entertain, and that every time he went out to inspect, he would be lightly clothed and reduced, and "only one or two people would accompany him," which was highly praised by the officials and the people.
During Peng Duanshu's tenure as an official, he strived to forge ahead, determined to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, reported to the imperial court, and comforted the people, unwilling to spend his life. He made a clear and decisive decision on the case, and corrected all the erroneous judgments of the civil litigation one by one, so that the people would be at peace. When he first arrived in Guangdong, he encountered a backlog of more than 3,000 cases, so he immediately mobilized the case files of various prefectures and counties, and together with his staff, he was open and honest. In less than January, all the cases were closed, and the officials were all amazed, and the court officials "deeply relied on each other".
Peng Duanshu was quite enriched as an official in Guangdong, which was the most prominent period in his life, and through his efforts, the social atmosphere in Guangdong underwent certain changes. "Supervise the construction of the provincial city academy, extend the monthly class of famous teachers, personally teach, and the morale is vibrant." Peng Duanshu also vigorously promoted the local education cause, he personally supervised the rest of the provincial city academy, invited famous teachers at that time to give lectures, and sometimes personally taught students, so that the local learning style gradually thickened, which also laid the foundation for him to devote himself to education later.
Peng Duanshu, who has a good political reputation, in his many years of official career, saw the difficult social reality under the prosperous Qing Dynasty, and gradually bred a kind of retreat. "People are not satisfied with the eunuchs, and they blame others, who squeezes them!" If I don't bury the belly of the fish today, the heavens are thick to me, and I hope to see it again. "In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong, Peng Duanshu accompanied the ship to supervise the grain transport in western Guangdong, and the ship was in the South China Sea, and accidentally fell into the water, although he was rescued and escaped from danger, he thought that this was a harbinger of imminent disaster. Peng Duanshu, who already had a full understanding of the deceit of the officialdom, decided to retire, so he used this incident to resign his official post and return to Shu, hid in the White Crane Hall in Chengdu, entered the Jinjiang Academy, and embarked on the road of teaching scholars.
Attach importance to education On the Atsuzawa side
The reason why Peng Duanshu was able to teach at Jinjiang Academy after retiring was because he himself had a high literary attainment. In his early years, he was obsessed with making righteousness (a style stipulated in the examination system of the Ming and Qing dynasties), had a very high level, and was crowned in Shuzhong, and was the only righteous person who could "worry about the scriptures" after Han Zhen'an and Dong Xince. After Peng Duanshu entered Beijing, he immediately became famous as a beijing master with the name of making righteousness, and was deeply respected by Cai Yindou, Hu Zhiwei, Shen Shifang, etc., and was called "immortal talent" and "salty and heavy".
Unfortunately, the routine genre of zhiyi limited Peng Duanshu's development on the road of literature, and it was not until he was 50 years old that he slowly realized that writing articles should be close to reality and close to the lives of ordinary people, and wrote four volumes of "White Crane Hall Anthology", two volumes of "Snow Night Poetry Talk", one volume of "Guangdong Xi Jicao", several volumes of "Selected Poems of Cao Zhi Below Eight Families", two volumes of "Shu Famous Poetry Copy", and "Poetry Manuscripts of Later Years", "Collection of Stele Biographies", "Records of the State Dynasty", "Xiaofanghu Zhai Yudi Series of Books", "Guangdong Tongzhi" and other works. Among them, the "White Crane Hall Anthology" is the most famous, and the discussion essay "To Learn a Son and Nephew" is from this book. It can be said that his scattered ancient texts and poems had a high influence at that time, and he, together with Li Tiaoyuan and Zhang Wentao, established Shuzhong with literary names and was known as the "Three Talents of Shuzhong" in the Qing Dynasty.
Peng Duanshu teaches and educates people.
Peng Duanshu, who has a very high level of cultivation, cherishes talents and has created many scholars in his life. When he was serving as an examiner for the Shuntianfu Township Examination, he discovered that Ji Yun's people were very literate, so he recruited Ji Yun in an eclectic manner, and took Ji Yun as Xie Yuan, who later became a generation of famous courtiers and literary masters, and compiled the "Four Libraries of quanshu", which became the authority of the Qing Dynasty academic circles, and was well known as "Ji Xiaolan" in the folk.
In the last 20 years of Peng Duanshu's life, he dedicated his efforts to the cause of education in Sichuan and promoted the growth of Sichuan's life. At that time, Jinjiang Academy was the highest institution of learning in Sichuan Province, Peng Duanshu served as the main lecturer and dean here, there were about 200 students in the college, all of whom were above Hidecai Kawauchi, and the tuition and living expenses of the students were allocated by the Qing government to the academy.
"Jinjiang has been living for twenty years, and every cold food is clear." After Peng Duanshu was instructed at Jinjiang Academy, although his life was hard, his heart tended to be calmer, and his state of mind at that time was vividly described in his poem "Peng shu cao • cold food". During his teaching at Jinjiang Academy, Peng Duanshu cultivated many talents, one of the "Three Talents of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty", the opera theorist and poet Li Tiaoyuan, as well as Zhang Fei and Zhong Wenyun.
In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong, Peng Duanshu died of illness in Baihetang, a southern suburb of Chengdu, at the age of eighty-one. Although Peng Duanshu died, his spirit will always inspire future generations, in order to commemorate Peng Duanshu, Danling has named a major road in the urban area as Duanshu Avenue, and his hometown of Shuangqiao Town, Danling County, not only preserves some buildings, but more importantly, Shuangqiao Town collects and organizes Peng Duanshu's works for every Shuangqiao person to learn, understand his life experience and ideological formation, and every Shuangqiao person is a "living fossil" that inherits the culture of "For Learning".
[Note: All pictures are profile pictures.] 】