Jinnan District green ecological barrier saltwater Guwan thousands of acres of rice fields
Rice paddies in Tsunan-ku
Small station rice crop exhibition hall
Beijing, 18 Dec (Xinhua) -- On 18 December, the Xinhua Daily Telegraph carried a report entitled "Tianjin Small Station 'Rice' Dream Space."
South of the Haihe River and on the shores of Bohai Bay, the ancient South Canal meets the Tiangeng Rice Grain here, bringing a long history and rich farming civilization to tianjin Xiaozhan Town, a land area of less than 64 square kilometers. Although the site of the small station is small, it has long been famous, and the "Tianjin Small Station" at the end of the 19th century is the only "Chinese town" marked on the map of modern Europe, which has bred China's first grain crop geographical indication certification trademark.
From "The Shore of Brine" to "The Land of Fish and Rice"
During the harvest season, the breeze gently blows the full ears of rice in the small station, and the cascading rice waves seem to paint a golden picture.
The "small station training" that set the precedent for China's modern army not only allowed a number of influential people to enter the center of history from the small station, but also had a profound impact on the modernization of the Chinese army, and has also made the Tianjin small station famous ever since.
But for the older generation in Beijing and Tianjin, and even for the northerners in a wider range, Xiaozhan has another treasure that remains in the sense of taste and floats between the lips and teeth - xiaozhan rice with excellent rice quality.
Xiaozhan Town, Jinnan District, Tianjin, is far away from the Bohai Sea. It is named because the Huai army set up a post station on Maxin Avenue, with a large station every 20 miles and a small station every 10 miles. During the Song Dynasty, as the border of the Song and Liao, this area combined military defense and border tuntian and began to grow rice.
As a native of Xiaozhan, Liu Jingzhou, a 78-year-old retired editor of the Local History Office of the Jinnan District Archives Bureau, spent a lot of time sorting out and studying the history of Xiaozhan Rice. Obsessed with historical records, he wrote: "On the right bank of the Haihe River, there are records of reclaiming land and planting rice in various dynasties of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. However, at that time, this area was considered to be the 'shore of the brine', the land was sparsely populated, and the river often flooded. Although there has been reclamation throughout the ages, it has not been able to develop steadily. ”
Beginning in the 26th year of the Ming Dynasty (1598), wang Yingjiao, a farmland water conservancy expert, Xu Guangqi, a scholar of Rebbe Shangshu and Dongge University, and Chen Yi, a qing dynasty water conservancy expert in Tianjin Yingtian Bureau, successively planted rice in jinnanwei fields, accumulating experience for improving saline-alkali land in the Xiaozhan area. Under the years of continuous cultivation efforts of the Qing Dynasty, the river from Machang to Xincheng was finally opened, the problem of water for rice cultivation was solved, and the originally deserted small station area gradually showed a rich scene of "the land of fish and rice".
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Xiaozhan ushered in two key brothers - Zhou Shengchuan and Zhou Shengbo. In 1875, Li Hongzhang was ordered to build the Beijing-Tianjin Water Conservancy, and Zhou Shengchuan, as a general of the Huai Army, was full-time in charge of the affairs of Jinggu Tuntian, and after his repeated investigations, with tianjin small station as the center, he traversed more than 100 miles, excavated river canals, improved soil, and reclaimed rice fields, and after 6 years of opening more than 60,000 acres of rice fields.
In a museum in Tianjin, there is an informative "Sheng Zi Quanjun Tuntian Map". This picture is the general record of the drawing contract for Sheng Zijun's acquisition of land from the hands of local households when he unified the transformation of the south bank of the Haihe River. The map shows the method of acquiring each piece of land in the small station reclamation area and the new city reclamation area, the number of acres, the price, the name of the owner, the owner's residence and the time when the purchase procedures were completed, from which it is not difficult to see Zhou Sheng's rigorous style of governing the army and the appointment.
After the development of farming, the small station rice became Gongmi and appeared on the table in the Forbidden City. "The 'Tianjin Station' has thus become the only 'Chinese town' marked on the map of modern Europe." He Ruizhang, former director of the CPPCC Research Office in Jinnan District, introduced it.
From Zhou Shengchuan garrison station, the construction of water conservancy, the selection and breeding of good seeds, so that the crystal clear, fragrant small station rice has become a royal tribute rice, the small station rice has been famous for nearly 140 years. Nowadays, it has also become China's first grain crop geographical indication certification trademark, and in 2020, it will be listed in the geographical indication of China's agricultural products, and the small station "rice culture" has been identified as an important agricultural cultural heritage of China.
However, the development of Xiaozhan Rice is not smooth sailing, but has undergone several twists and turns.
In 1928, when warlords were fighting, some bureaucrats, warlords and feudal landlords of the small station took the opportunity to plunder land. In 1930, the Xiaozhan Rice District was donated to Nankai University as a school property, and a school field management office was set up to collect land rent for education subsidies. In 1937, it was taken over by the Yingtian Management Office of the Jizhasui Office, during which the rice field management in the small station reclamation area was reduced to formalities, and the construction of farmland water conservancy stagnated, with low yields and poor efficiency.
After the founding of New China, Xiaozhan Rice entered a golden period of development. It lasted until the mid-1960s, when the development of xiaozhan rice reached its peak, with the largest planting area, the highest yield, planting technology and water conservancy facilities exceeding the previous period, and the average planting area was maintained at about 230,000 mu, with an average yield of about 348 kg per mu. While solving the problem of food and clothing for surrounding residents, the prosperity of Xiaozhan rice has also promoted the development of agriculture in China, and high-quality rice seeds have spread to the surrounding areas and some rice-growing provinces in the north.
In 1972, there was a major drought in North China, and the water source of the "lower reaches of the Nine Rivers" was cut off, and the small station rice once tended to decline.
"The water supply is cut off, the rice fields have become drylands, and only corn, sorghum and cotton can be grown." Zheng Jialin, secretary of the party branch and director of the village committee of Xiaozhan Town Huiguan Village, recalled, "At that time, there was no income, and I could only barely maintain food and clothing. Many people go out to work because they don't make money from farming. ”
Four years later, the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee decided to restore and develop Xiaozhan rice, and by 1980 the planting area had been restored to 72,800 mu. In 1983, the project of introducing luan into Tianjin was opened to water in advance, and since the following year, the annual planting area of rice in Xiaozhan in Jinnan District has stabilized at about 65,000 mu, which is roughly equivalent to the number of acres planted by ShengziJuntun during the Qing Guangxu period.
"After hundreds of years of detours, it was not until Tianjin proposed the revitalization plan of Xiaozhan Rice that Xiaozhan Rice really ushered in new development." Zheng Garin said.
Retrieving the "taste on the tip of the tongue" of old Tianjin people
Walking into the jinnan district in autumn, all you can see is a thousand acres of rice fields and a "rice array" with golden waves.
The older generation here said that after the Mid-Autumn Festival, the most attractive food of the old Tianjin Wei was "dried rice rice, lamb dumplings". The small station rice stew into the pot to spray incense, the aroma can be smelled through the courtyard wall, eat until the mouth is full of chewy.
The reason why xiaozhan rice is delicious is nothing more than "thick water and soil". The water used by the small station rice in that year relied on the "Royal River Water" of the South Canal of the Horse Factory Reduction River. "Royal River Water" comes from the Turbid Zhanghe River, the yellow soup rushes under the sediment, the yellow mud contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other organic fertilizers, covering the saline soil of the paddy field, turning alkali into phosphine, becoming the source of life for small station rice. The soil deposited by the Yuhe River is getting thicker and thicker, which is a valuable soil layer for the preservation of rice in Xiaozhan Rice. Such water and soil have bred a small station rice that is "white and transparent, shiny, sticky and delicious, and sweet aftertaste".
As the origin of small station rice and the core production area of Jinnan District, it has five major advantages of "canal water, saline-alkali land, organic fertilizer, suitable climate and excellent species".
However, Xiaozhan Rice also suffered from environmental pollution and once lost the taste on the tip of the tongue of the old Tianjin people.
Since the reform and opening up, Xiaozhan town and village-run enterprises and private enterprises have sprung up, and a number of the earliest private enterprises in Tianjin have been built, and the valve output here accounts for one-third of the national sales. By 2017, there were 1,200 large and small industrial enterprises in Xiaozhan Town, and industries such as valves, assembly, and mechanical processing had caused serious pollution to the environment, and the water bodies of 12 rivers above the district level in the whole area were black and smelly, which seriously affected the quality of Xiaozhan rice.
"In more than a year, we broke our wrists, 'valves into the park', shut down 800 enterprises, banned 130 electric furnaces in 72 foundry industries as a whole, lost more than 400 million yuan, invested 110 million yuan to completely connect the global water body, and treated 89 black and odorous water bodies." We also implemented the task of building a green ecological barrier of 3,200 mu, and realized the change from 'dirty mess' to 'picturesque'. Xiaozhan Town Party Secretary Ju Hetong said.
Seeds are the "chips" of agriculture
Seeds are the "chips" of agriculture, and good seeds can grow good rice.
"Yinfang fragrant rice has spread for thousands of miles, and the water source is three hundred pearls." As a hybrid rice, Xiaozhan rice has a wide range of high-quality genes. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Jianghuai japonica rice was used as the mother, and the red lotus rice was planted more in the Jinnan region; later, rice seeds from Korea and Japan were also used as seeds.
Small station rice grains are oval, slightly long and light green, uniform particles, like ice jade, crystal sweet glutinous, fragrant and refreshing, soft but not paste, not hard after cold. "Xiaozhan Rice" was once the only rice named after the production area in China, and it was also the first regional certification trademark of grain crops in China.
The cultivation of high-quality seed sources makes the quality of Xiaozhan rice optimized and the life is evergreen. In 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping came to the National South Breeding Scientific Research and Breeding Base to inspect the growth trend of rice and understand the development and promotion of rice breeding and breeding industries. He stressed that more than a billion people need to eat, which is the biggest national condition in our country. Good seeds play a key role in increasing food production. We must make up our minds to develop China's seed industry, pay close attention to cultivating excellent varieties with independent intellectual property rights, and ensure national food security from the source.
Tianjin then proposed the "Tianjin Xiaozhan Rice Industry Revitalization Plan (2018-2022)", and a "seed research and development upgrade action" has since begun.
Tianjin Municipal Agricultural and Rural Committee organized scientific research departments to select and breed and approve 15 rice varieties, of which high-quality rice Jinyuan u99, Tianlongyou 619, Jindao 919, Jinchuan No. 1 and other rice quality reached the international standard.
Zheng Baofu, director of the Planting Industry Department of Tianjin Jinnan District Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center, graduated from Tianjin Agricultural College in 1987 and has been engaged in rice research for a long time.
"Brand building depends on the scientific and technological content of seeds." Zheng Baofu said, "Every year, we have to introduce more than 10 varieties for cultivation, to see the quality of growth in Tianjin, and to conduct tests after harvesting every year, so that we can choose good seeds to continue." ”
Today, Tianjin has become one of the largest japonica rice seed production bases in the northern rice area, and high-quality rice seeds are continuously sold to Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Anhui and other places.
(Subtitle) At the Inokatsu station "Listen to the Sound of Frogs"
Rice farming does not stop at farmland.
A small station town that traveled through time, now the water ripples and flocks of egrets. The beauty and culture have attracted tourists from afar and also led to the revitalization of the countryside.
In the northwest of Xiaozhan Town, there is a beautiful diamond park, and there is a blue sphere building with a diamond-shaped shape of tens of meters in the park, which is the Xiaozhan Rice Cultivation Exhibition Hall and the "central wisdom brain" of Xiaozhan rice planting.
As soon as you enter the Xiaozhan Rice Cultivation Exhibition Hall, you will feel the unique ingenuity of the design, the relief of antique bronze on the wall reproduces the history of xiaozhan rice farming, and the nearly 3,000 square meters of display area adopts sound and photoelectric technology and pictures, texts, films, physical displays and other means to tell the development process of Xiaozhan rice in an all-round way.
"We will take the rice farming culture of Xiaozhan as the core, let tourists walk into Xiaozhan Rice 'Daguan Garden', eat a bowl of fragrant rice, visit the Training Garden, shop for treasures on the ancient street, and listen to the sound of frogs under the stars." Ju Hetong was full of hope.
In 2020, the Xiaozhan rice planting system was selected as the fifth batch of China's important agricultural cultural heritage. The Jinnan District Cultural and Tourism Bureau has set up agricultural tourism routes, in coordination with the construction of the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Tianjin), radiating the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and driving the development of rural tourism.
In the autumn that just passed, Lu Quanle, a 56-year-old villager in the village of Huiguan in Xiaozhan Town, Jinnan District, was busy drying the small station rice harvested by the cooperative every day, and the late autumn sun sprinkled warmly on the rice, which was his favorite sight. "Now that Xiaozhan Rice has been revitalized, Xiaozhan Town is getting better and better, our income is higher, our work is more energetic, and the rice we eat every day is fragrant!"
"The people take food as the sky", although the grain of rice is small, the significance is great. The taste of Xiaozhan rice, which has been wrapped around the tip of the tongue of Tianjin people for thousands of years, has lasted for a long time, and is constantly shining with new brilliance in the rice field and on the table. (End)