What is a fire-burning hat? The hat is very familiar to everyone, this is a symbol of the official, so what is the relationship between the hat and fire? Please listen to the author one by one.
Fire is a gift from nature, from the Yuanmou people more than a million years ago to the Beijing people more than half a million years ago, in this long historical interval, we have left traces of our ancestors' use of fire. From the natural fire first used by human beings, to the later drilling wood for fire, and then to the application of fire in all walks of life today, it can be said that the survival of human beings cannot be separated from fire. In Western mythology, there is also a legend that Prometheus stole tinder to give to mankind.
But there are two sides to everything, and fire has also brought us a huge disaster - fire.
In real life, when we mention the fire, we will immediately think of the fire alarm telephone 119, thinking of those fire fighters who still do not flinch in the face of the fire wave and are not afraid of sacrifice. However, how did people fireproof in ancient times? How is fire related to the hat?
In the ancient history of our country, all dynasties and generations also attached great importance to fire prevention work, and moreover, the relevant legal provisions were formulated to bind it. Those who violate the rules are punished with a cane or given a frontier, or beheaded if they are raided. However, the punishment regulations for "arson" or "misfire" in most dynasties were limited to individuals and did not punish relevant officials. Only the Song Dynasty was more special, causing fires, and it was natural for individuals to be punished, but, along with officials, they would also be punished, and perhaps they would be stripped of the black veil on their heads.
Fires occurred quite a few times in the Song Dynasty, and it is no wonder that the state made regulations to punish fires along with officials. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty and the Five Elements", in the more than 300 years from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, more than 200 large-scale fires occurred across the country. Among them, the main places of fire are mostly in The capital and prefectures, and the capital, Tokyo, occupies as many as 44 times. In addition, there is a record of "many fires in the Beijing division" in a certain year, and the number of times cannot be counted.
The "large fire" referred to here refers to the burning of so many houses that the emperor had to personally order relief measures after the fire, which did not include those fires that were not mentioned in the imperial court archives.
It can be said that the horror of the fire is far from being as simple as you think, the fire together, it is difficult to extinguish not to say, along with the combustion, toxic gases if inhaled into the body will lead to death on the spot. Each fire causes huge casualties and property damage. For example: "(Song Taizu) Jianlong in March of the second year, the inner wine house was on fire, the burnt house was one hundred and eighty districts, and more than thirty wine workers died." "(Song Renzong) Tiansheng 7th Year June Ding Wei, Yuqing Zhaoying Palace Fire, Where 2,610 Yang, Overnight."
Although the fire prevention law of the Song Dynasty inherited from the Tang Dynasty, due to the flooding of fires in various parts of the Song Dynasty, the people suffered great losses and had to be changed, not only the punishment for the perpetrators of the fire was extremely severe, but also the joint and several liabilities of the relevant officials would also be severely punished, such as: demotion, dismissal, and so on. I believe that many readers like me have seen an animated film called the great hero Di Qing in their youth, and the image of Di Qing resisting gold and repaying the country is still fresh in my memory.
In fact, in the "Records of Dongxuan" written by The Song Dynasty Wei Tai, there is such an interesting thing about Di Qing and Fire:
One night, the famous Northern Song general Di Qing burned paper sacrifice in the middle of the night, this burning was terrible, and immediately someone found the fire and reported it to the owner of the box who was in charge of the fire in the region, and the owner of the box told the Kaifeng government about it without stopping. When the people of Kaifeng Province arrived at the place and found that the fire was gone, the next day, Di Qing was summoned to interrogate him, and Wang Su of Kaifeng Province said:
"In the past, Zhu Quanzhong, because of a private matter, burst out of the fire in the middle of the night to cause the surrounding people to think that there was a fire, and after that, he all took the pots and pans to the rescue, what was the difference between your behavior last night and him?" After hearing this, Di Qing could not help but feel ashamed, voluntarily punished, and resigned to Chen Prefecture. Di Qing was relegated to Chen Prefecture simply because of the sacrifice in the middle of the night to burn paper, which shows the strict control of fire in the Song Dynasty.
There were so many fires in the Song Dynasty for different reasons: some were man-made arson, such as the fire in the Chu Palace during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Song, which was ignited after Song Taizu's son was driven mad by Emperor Taizong of Song. Some of them were caused by lightning, and the fire in the Yuqing Zhaoying Palace during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song was caused by lightning. Some were due to gunpowder explosions, such as the fire that Yuan Yu experienced in Nanjing in 1130 AD. Some are because of carelessness that causes small fires to burn into large fires, such as Wen Tianxiang's Wenshan Villa, which caused the fire precisely because the mountain people burned the mountain.
However, no matter what the cause of the fire, behind it are inseparable from the two most basic factors: the first, is the ancient city of the housing density is too high, we should see a lot of old towns, their houses are houses connected to the house, basically are on fire, and the adjacent residents can not run; the second, is the ancient residential building materials are very flammable, because most of the ancient buildings are wooden structures, so once the fire, the fire will spread rapidly.
Even more so, the imperial court was very fireproof, and during the Song Dynasty, some rogues and lepers used this to slander and offend their own officials, and the Song Anon.'s famous "Daoshan Qing Dialect" once recorded:
"There were often fires in the capital of the Great Song Dynasty, and if the firefighters could not be found, the local officials would also be punished." Among them, there are some outlaw residents who maliciously slander certain officials who are familiar with the residence of officials, and many officials have been dismissed for this reason. At that time, Shao Anjian was on official business for the county and town of The Prefecture of The Prefecture, and was quite honest for the officials, but in the end, he was killed by them. "But please, from now on, those who do not extend to the side of the house, although they are caught, do not sit, and those who have never left a fire, so they will be ordered."
Some villains, annoyed with officials, secretly set fires when it was dark, and after setting the fire, the people disappeared. However, the arsonists were not apprehended, and the officials involved were punished. It is also funny to say, but this document is enough to confirm that the hats of many officials in the Song Dynasty were "burned" by fire. This is also why, we can see in many TV dramas, at night, the street hit people always chant in the mouth: "The sky is dry and dry, be careful of the candles".
The horror of fire has attracted enough attention as early as ancient times, with the development of science and technology, the number of times we use fire in contemporary life is also more and more, when you use fire, please be sure to pay more attention to avoid causing fire. As soon as it occurs, take appropriate measures immediately, cover your mouth and nose, open the window, take effective measures to escape the scene of the fire and call the fire alarm to wait for rescue.
Resources:
"Song Shi Wu Xing Zhi", "Records of Dong Xuan", "Daoshan Qing Dialect"