"5,000 Years of China"
Chapter VIII Song Xia Xi Liaojin
Chapter Nine: Su Shi, the Great Scholar
In the history of Chinese literature, Su Shi is a real master, with words, books, and paintings, especially words. The bold School of Song Ci founded by Su Shi greatly expanded the expression methods and content of words, opened up a new situation in the healthy development of Song ci, and finally made the words become a literary genre that flowed like poetry for hundreds of years.
Network illustration
"The First Trial of the Soldier"
Su Shi (苏轼), courtesy name Zizhan (字子瞻), was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (present-day Meizhou, Sichuan), a famous writer, calligrapher, essayist, and poet of the Northern Song Dynasty.
At the age of 20, his father took Su Shi and his younger brother Su Rui to the capital for examinations. At that time, the chief examiner was Ouyang Xiu, a great scholar, who was bent on selecting some talented scholars.
After the first exam, Ouyang Xiu saw an article when he was reading the papers, which was very exciting.
This can make Ouyang Xiu unusually surprised, he wanted to get a first name for this candidate, and then Ouyang Xiu hesitated, he was worried that this was written by his protégé Zeng Gong, if this is the case, others will definitely say gossip, won't you embarrass yourself? In the end, this candidate was named second place. It wasn't until the list was released that Ouyang Xiu realized that he had made a mistake, and it turned out that this article was written by a man named Su Shi.
Su Shi, who had just arrived, immediately passed the examination for a jinshi and began to become an official. During Wang Anshi's change of law, Su Shi also held an opposing opinion, and wrote to the imperial court twice in succession, feeling that there was a problem with changing the law, but after all, he was weak and weak, plus Wang Anshi had the support of the emperor, naturally there were many people standing next to Wang Anshi. Su Shi was extremely uncomfortable and did not want to stay in the capital, and asked to become an official in a foreign country.
Su Shi served as a thorn in Hangzhou, Huzhou (present-day Wuxing, Zhejiang) and other places. Everywhere he went, he was very concerned about the well-being of the people, and he also built water conservancy projects, reduced taxes, advocated production, and did some good things for the local people.
"Degraded and Degraded"
When he arrived in Xuzhou, the Yellow River broke its mouth in Liaozhou, and the flood was monstrous, flooding many prefectures and counties.
Seeing that the water was about to rush to Xuzhou, the people of Xuzhou panicked, and the rich fled out of the city, afraid of death. Su Shi first calmed people's minds, and then asked the officers and men to fight the flood together and build a long embankment. Heavy rains kept coming day and night, and floods were rising.
Su Shi built a hut at the head of the city, lived in it to direct the flood control, and even after passing through his own door, he did not go home to visit. He sent officials to defend in sections, and finally saved the city of Xuzhou.
Later, Su Shi arrived in Huzhou. Seeing the rampage of some local powerful officials, he wrote some poems. Unexpectedly, these poems spread to the capital, opposing Su Shiren's framing of Su Shi for slandering the imperial court and rebelling against him. Su Shi was unable to speak bitterly, and was dismissed from his post and sent to Tokyo and imprisoned.
After being held in prison for more than 100 days, Su Shi was tortured. Because it was really a serious crime, Song Shenzong ordered his release, and finally he was demoted to Huangzhou (Huanggang, Hubei). When he arrived in Huangzhou, Su Shi hung up a small official title and lived a life of exile. With the help of his friends, he got a piece of land and cultivated it himself. He personally sorted out the site, built a house on the eastern hillside, and gave himself a nickname, called the East Slope Resident. This is why people call him Su Dongpo.
For Su Shi, his favorite thing is to visit the landscape and write poems to express his mood. Once, he heard that there was a place called Chibi on the Yangtze River, and on a whim, he went to Chibi with a few friends in a small boat one night. I thought it was the Chibi of the Three Kingdoms, but in fact it was not the Chibi of the Three Kingdoms. However, looking at the gushing river, Su Shi suddenly remembered the scene of cao cao and Zhou Yu's great war during the Three Kingdoms, and he was very emotional. After returning, he wrote down the famous passage "Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Huaigu", which has been recited throughout the ages:
The great river goes east, the waves are exhausted, and the characters of the ages are flowing. To the west of the old fortress, humanity is, three kingdoms Zhou Lang Chibi. Rocks pierced through the air, the waves crashed on the shore, and a thousand piles of snow rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are many heroes at a time.
In the year of Gongjin, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time and was majestic and heroic. Lupine scarf, between talk and laughter, the tree ashes disappear. The homeland is wandering, amorous should laugh at me, early birth Huafa. Life is like a dream, a statue is still in the moon.
Historical Archives
Su Dongpo created a famous dish
"Dongpo meat" is a famous dish in Hangzhou, named in honor of Su Dongpo.
Legend has it that Su Dongpo was too punctual in Hangzhou, in order to solve the drought and flood disaster in the farmland, dredging the West Lake and building a long causeway benefited the farmers near Hangzhou, and the people in order to thank Su Dongpo, they lifted pigs to pay homage to him. Su Dongpo could not resign, so he ordered someone to cut the meat into squares, add condiments, stew it into red crispy meat pieces, and then send a piece to each of the migrant workers who dredged the West Lake. The people think it tastes delicious and compete to imitate it. "Dongpo meat" has been passed down ever since.