Author | Yangcheng Shushu
Source | Confucius old book network dynamics
One day many years ago, I wrote a few words about Gu Zhenguan in the mood of the blog: I have also drifted for a long time, for ten years, deep gratitude has been exhausted, dead and alive teachers and friends...
The next morning, I woke up and saw a friend leave a message saying: "I have been floating for a long time", I was deeply shaken at once...
Just as one of my friends who was a doctoral student at the National People's Congress and majored in Ming and Qing literature said: Don't just say how great the Tang poetry and Song poetry are, in fact, Ming and Qing literature makes people have more emotions, don't have a taste, another embrace...
Since the Tang and Song dynasties, Lingnan has been a place of exile, like the Tang Dynasty who exiled to the land of Lingnan and Guangdong, there are Liu Yuxi, Wei Zhiyi, Han Yu... In the Song Dynasty, there were Li Gang, Su Dongpo... You can get to a whole bunch of names.
In the Qing Dynasty, especially from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the place of exile of criminal subjects was no longer the land of Guangdong, and the place of exile was made one hundred and eighty degrees—a major adjustment from south to north. The penal colonies of the Qing Dynasty were mainly in the northeast region of today's Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.
The northeast was the "land of Longxing" of the Qing Dynasty, and more importantly, it has always been firmly in the hands of the Qing regime. Putting some politically uneasy people in a safe place may be the "politics" and "rule of law" of China's successive generations of authorities. Let the prisoners contribute to the defense of the frontier, and at the same time, it is the ruler who demands that the exiled people be reformed through labor and repentance.
The northeast region of the Qing Dynasty was used as a place of exile as a lot. Initially, the prisoners were sent to Shenyang and Shangyang fort, then to Jilin Wula, to Ningguta in Heilongjiang, and finally to Heilongjiang and Qiqihar. Among them, the most famous place of exile is Ningguta, which is the city of Hailin and Ning'an in today's Heilongjiang Province.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Gu Zhenguan, a good friend and lyricist of Nalan Sex, wrote the lyrics "Golden Wisp Song": I have also drifted for a long time, and for ten years, I have been deeply grateful and exhausted, and I have died as a teacher and friend. Su Xiqi is not a thief, try to see Du Ling lose weight. Once undiminished, the night lang is slang. Thin life long goodbye, ask life, to this point of desolation? Ten million hate, for the king to cut ...
It turned out that his former friend Wu Zhaoqian had sent a letter from Shubian: "It is bitterly cold outside the sai, ice and snow at four o'clock, the wind is blowing, the mourning is bloody, the body is floating, and the sideburns are gradually staring." Women are sick, one man and two women, quinoa is not full, remember the old mother, be in the church, pass the Guanhe River, return to the province without a day...
"
For Wu Zhaoqian, a wealthy Jiangnan person, it is undoubtedly a bitter cold and poor place, Gu Zhenguan wrote two "Golden Wisp Songs" in a row, and before the opening chapter, there are a few words to say: Send Wu Han Cha Ning Ancient Pagoda, and replace the book with words. Chengchen Winter, Yujingshi Thousand Buddhas Temple, made in ice and snow.
Ningguta is the city of Ning'an in today's Heilongjiang. Wu Hancha (吴汉槎), also known as Wu Zhaoqian (吴兆骞), was a poet of the early Qing Dynasty. In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, (1657), he participated in the Jiangnan Township Examination, but was innocently implicated in the Ding Youjiangnan Township Examination Field Case.
The Ding Youjiangnan Township Examination Field Case made Fu Lin (Shunzhi Emperor) furious, so in the following year he sent the Jiangnan Juzi who had already passed the examination to Beijing, and the Shunzhi Emperor personally re-examined the examination at Yingtai in Zhongnanhai. As a result, two examiners were beheaded and seventeen fellow examiners were hanged.
Wu Zhaoqian is a talented man in Jiangnan, rarely talented, but also proud of the shore conceited, and Wu Meicun and other literary celebrities are also paid to sing; in August, he participated in the Jiangnan Luxiang Examination, and it was the spring breeze that he was proud of. In November, the Nan min kechang case arose, and there were also false accusations from the enemy family, and he had to be ordered to enter Beijing to participate in the re-examination.
At the beginning of the next year, when Wu Zhaoqian drove north, on the way, he tasted more than 100 poems inscribed by Wang Qianniang, a famous Jinling woman, in Zhuozhou Yibi, and the love words were poignant, with self-mourning, and there were many peacemakers between the three rivers and two auxiliaries.
In April, the re-examination was held in Yingtai, due to the tense atmosphere in the examination room, the samurai were lined up, the swords and guns on both sides were shaking in the cold light, Wu Zhaoqian had a trembling heart, failed to finish the final volume, was removed from the court, and blamed for forty boards, and the family property was not registered.
Later, although the Ministry of Rites and the Ministry of Punishment repeatedly tried to find that Wu Zhaoqian did not commit fraud, in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), Wu Zhaoqian was still exiled to Ningguta (present-day Ning'an, Heilongjiang), and his parents and brothers and wives were also exiled (the later parents and brothers and wives were pardoned).
In the leap March of the sixteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1659), Wu Zhaoqian came out of the Beijing Division, and the great poet Wu Meicun wrote a poem to send him off... This is also the June snow of the Shunzhi Dynasty, and it is also a "Dou E'e Grievance"...
In the fifteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1676), Gu Zhenguan was recommended by Xu Yuanwen, the superintendent of the Guozi Supervisor, to enter the Cabinet University Ofsnalan Mingzhu Mansion, and became acquainted with The Pearl's son Naran Zhide, because the poems and articles appreciated each other and became close friends with each other. Gu Zhenguan once asked for help from Naran Zhide in wu zhaoqian's case. At the time, Naran did not answer.
In the winter of that year, Gu Zhenguan lived in the Beijing Thousand Buddhas Temple, remembered Wu Zhaoqian in the ice and snow, replaced the book with words, filled in two "Golden Wisp Songs" in a row, Nalan Rongruo read it and was greatly moved, and promised Gu Zhenguan - five years to rescue Wu Zhaoqian into the customs.
Who says articles don't work! The question is – how is the article written? Who is reading the article? Gu Zhenguan's two "Golden Wisps" words have been called amazing friendship by posterity, and they have been absolutely unspeakable throughout the ages.
Gu Zhenguan's "Golden Wisp Song" has two lyrics, and the depth of sorrow and comfort for the friends of suffering and sorrow are all ding-dong and concern, and not a single word is flowing from the heart. This kind of life and death tribulation, the work of the most emotional nature, was recited as the "word of redemption", and it was also called the work of the qing word in later generations.
In the seventeenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1681), thanks to the help of Nalan Mingzhu, and the help and rescue of Nalan Sex De, Xu Qianxue, Gu Zhenguan and many other friends, he finally paid 2,000 yuan and atoned for his sins in the name of repairing the internal affairs department project. At the end of July, under the edict of returning to his hometown, Wu Zhaoqian arrived in the capital in mid-November. That's been twenty-two years.
After returning to Beijing, the Chinese people and friends of Beijing celebrated, and Xu Qianxue improvised the poem "Xi Wu Han Cha Nan Huan" on the table, and there were as many as dozens of people. At that time, there was Yuyang Yuyang, who was also known as the "King of Southern Zhubei" with Zhu Yizun, and he had two sentences in the poem: "Taishi Meicun Present SuCao, do not leave old eyes to wait for the king to return", which is most recited by people at the table and at the time. Because, Wu Meicun admired Wu Zhaoqian quite before he died.
After Wu Zhaoqian entered the guanguan and arrived in Beijing, later because of some small things, he had a disagreement with Gu Zhenguan, and Nalan Mingzhu invited him into the study, and there were ten words in the study: "Gu Liangfen (Zhenguan) bends the knee for Wu Hancha", Wu Zhaoqian could not help but mourn, and burst into tears, reciting Gu Zhenguan's words——
Brother Xin Wei I Ding ugly, a few times, frost broken, early (decay) pu willow. From now on, the word endowment must be done less, and the heart and soul must be kept together. Hopefully, Ha Qing Life. Gui Ni rushed to turn over the manuscript and passed on the empty name dish to him. The words are not exhausted, and the first sight is watched.
In the twenty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1683), Wu Zhaoqian returned to Li Province, and with the financial support of his friends, built three houses, named "Return to the Caotang". However, due to the long-term living in the cold land outside Guanwai, Wu Zhaoqian was no longer adapted to the water and soil climate in Jiangnan, and soon fell seriously ill for several months, and went to Beijing to seek medical treatment, but he was eventually cured. On October 18, 1684 (November 24, 1684), he died in Jingzhong at the age of fifty-four.
Twenty-two years of exile in Ningguta, people returned to their hometown of Jiangnan, and the black water of the White Mountains in the northeast became Wu Zhaoqian's nostalgia. He said to his son: "I want to shoot with Ru at the foot of the White Mountain, fish for the carp and songhua River, return to the offering, and pay Ru's mother to make soup, to accompany the dinner, how can I get Yah." In the dream, ning guta, wife and children are bitter and happy.
Finally, Naran Zhide and other old friends took care of their affairs and funded the Wu family to send their coffins back to Wujiang, Jiangnan. The following year, Naran also died.
epilogue:
Words, poems, are mostly a period of wind and moon, a mood; sometimes, a word is related to a life, a place, and even about the rise and fall of an era, which is also a leaf can know the spring and autumn...
It is enough to have a confidant in life, such as Gu Zhenguan, who has both articles to pass on and more liver and gallbladder.
I am with the language! Looking back on the years, the words are still there, tears in the eyes...