In history, there are many people with many ill-fated fates, there are talents who do not meet, there are poverty and falls, there are diseases, and one of the three is considered sad, but one person embraces all three into his arms, life and death are dazed, and finally he dies in despair, which is Lu Zhaolin, one of the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty".
Lu Zhaolin is the most miserable person among the literati I know, and Zhang Xie's "Inscription on the Subset of Sorrows" in the Ming Dynasty has a saying: "Ancient and modern scribes are extremely poor, and there is no one as bad as Lu Shengzhi." If the eunuch does not reach it, he has also heard, and he is eternally paralyzed, and there is no return to talk about it, so that in the belly of the self-throwing fish, the ancient anointing has no such method of death. ”
Zhengshi's introduction to Lu Zhaolin is extremely brief, only more than two hundred words, and his life is scattered in Tang notes or other biographies, mixed together, and what is presented in front of us is an incomparably miserable fate, tear-inducing the image of a poet, until people lament that the world is confusing and the heavenly path is unfair.
Lu Zhaolin, zi shengzhi, number "you worry", Youzhou Fanyang people, that is, today's Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, one of the "four masters of the early Tang Dynasty", born in Fanyang Lu clan, erudite Nengwen, once served as a lieutenant in Xindu County, Yizhou, now Xindu District, Chengdu, soon resigned due to illness, after a serious illness endured, tossed Yingshui suicide, died at the age of 40, author of "Lu Sheng's Collection".
Fanyang Lu clan in the Sui and Tang dynasties can be the "five surnames and seven sects" of the wang family, the distant ancestors can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms of Lu Zhi, may be genetically strong, the Lu family in the early Tang Dynasty out of a number of celebrities, however, he seems to be relatively late compared with the other "four masters" of the three, because those are "prodigies", and Lu Zhaolin has no record of this.
Lu Zhaolin's intelligence is a must, he was intelligent since childhood, reading hard, at the age of ten he studied with Cao Xian and other famous teachers, and later was appointed by Li Yuanyu, the king of Zheng, as a canon, Shi Zai: "At the age of ten, Cao Xian and Wang Yifang taught "Cang" and "Ya". Tune the Deng King's Palace Canon, Wang Aizhong, said that people know: this is the same as me. ”
Cao and Wang were both talented people and high-ranking officials of the imperial court, Lu Zhaolin studied with these famous teachers, natural learning improved, and quickly became outstanding people at that time, and his reputation also became loud, and at the age of 17, he was valued and entrusted with heavy responsibilities by Li Yuanyu.
This Li Yuanyu can not be underestimated, he is Li Yuan's 17th son, Li Shimin's half-brother, he appointed Lu Zhaolin this position seems to be a low official rank, but the power is important, the post of pawn is derived from the Liu Song Period, after the crown prince was entrusted with a party post, the emperor is using the low status of the cold door to serve as a pawn, is the prince's close friend, the main task is to draft or approve official documents for the kings, so although he is a small official, he is actually a confidant.
Unfortunately, he has not made much progress in the Zheng Wangfu, has been surviving for 11 years, survived the Zheng Wangdu he returned to the west, or a pawn, and left the Zheng Wangfu in despair, at this time he was 28 years old.
Three years later, Emperor Gaozong of Tang ascended the throne and asked Lu Zhaolin to go to Xindu, Sichuan, to become a county lieutenant, equivalent to the deputy county-level public security bureau chief. But unfortunately, it was during this period in Xindu that he fell ill and had to resign from his post, saying goodbye to his career and making saving his life the first priority in life.
Lu Zhaolin has a poetry name very early, his poems are both magnificent, but also have a delicate side of emotion, the biggest feature is rich imagination, very sense of time and space travel, he has a famous "Plum Blossom Fall", which can best reflect its style characteristics:
The Meiling flowers have just begun, and the snow in the Tianshan Mountains has not yet bloomed. The snow is full of flowers, and the lace is like snow.
Because the wind enters the dance sleeves, the mixed powder is towards the dressing table. The Xiongnu are tens of thousands of miles, and the spring solstice does not know.
Plum blossom snowflakes, Xiongnu border plugs, Tianshan Meiling, fat powder makeup table; this space span is really dizzying, from the snow pressure plum blossoms think of the Tianshan Mountains to recruit people, from the wind and dance chaos makeup table and Sifu look forward to spring return, the author starts from a small place, with delicate brushstrokes, the emotions of the boudoir Sifu are gently expressed, the whole poem does not have a "thought" word, but there is "thought" everywhere, which is a reflection on the war from another angle, and Wang Changling's song "The girl in the boudoir does not know sorrow" has the same magic.
His poetic name was also very prosperous in the early Tang Dynasty, bringing him glory is the seven words and songs "Chang'an Ancient Meaning", which is also his masterpiece, from the perspective of creative techniques, this is more like a Han Fu, the ability to do everything possible to lay out the rendering, the text is beautiful, the words are gorgeous, just like a Chang'an landscape painting, with the perspective of overlooking the all-round picture of Chang'an, it is also a poetry version of the "Qingming River Map".
The scenes depicted in this poem are large and small, near and far, and the style of Chang'an City is detailed, through the depiction of the city's street scenes and the portrayal of various people, Zhang shows the magnificent style of Chang'an's atmospheric splendor, just like a photographer, with the lens in his hand, shaking, cutting, changing, turning, and displaying a vivid and vivid picture in turn in front of the audience's eyes.
There are many famous sentences in the poem, the most well-known is this "to become a better than the eye to die, willing to be a Mandarin duck is not envious of the immortal", in fact, in this poem, these two sentences are originally describing the life on the field of years, from a night of entertainment to a dewy couple, thus triggering the sighs and expectations of prostitutes, which is the entanglement in their hearts.
But these two sentences are really in line with the state of mind between men and women who love to death, so they are often used for love vows in later generations, such as Bai Juyi's "Long Hate Song" in "In the heavenly wish to be a winged bird, in the earth wish to be a branch".
The so-called "Success is also Xiao He, defeat is also Xiao He", this poem made Lu Zhaolin famous at the same time, but also brought him disasters, one of the sentences "Liang family painting cabinet in the heavens, the Han Emperor's golden stem cloud outside the straight", is considered to be a mockery of wu Sansi, because he was Wu Zetian's nephew, at that time was crowned as the king of Liang, the people who wanted to advance to the ranks of the government and the public all begged him, so there were villains into rumors, and the sad Lu Zhaolin was thrown into prison.
Fortunately, Lu Zhaolin was a small person, And Wu Sansi did not want to work him, and such a well-known literati had no threat to himself, so he did not feel too embarrassed about Lu Zhaolin, and it did not take long to release Lu Zhaolin, but Lu Zhaolin, who was already plagued by illness, experienced this difficulty, sadness and loss accompanied, heartache and illness followed, and his body was even weaker, so he left Chang'an and began to live an isolated life
He first lived in Mount Taibai, not far from Chang'an, and asked for medical treatment, but his condition did not improve; then he went to Shaomu Mountain near Dengfeng, where he was already extremely poor, according to The Qing Dynasty Ji Xiaolan in the "Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries": "After his illness was abolished, he begged for medicine with the famous pilgrims of Luoyang, and each person begged for money for two thousand, and his poverty can also be imagined, and the extreme hardships of the Gai scribes can be seen. Therefore, what he did in his life was mostly joyful and sad, and there were the remnants of the rioters, and he also encountered them. ”
Fortunately, he still had some fame, and he was sponsored by a group of literati friends to give him silver and medicine, but his illness became more and more serious, not only was one hand crippled and unable to move, but also his two feet could not be extended straight, and he became a complete waster.
Then he moved to Guci Mountain, which is today the territory of Xinzheng City, Henan, where he used the silver sponsored by his friends to buy land, repaired houses, and prepared to live in seclusion here for a long time; but his illness was getting worse and worse, and he was tortured every day, so he built a tomb for himself in advance, and lay down to feel the scene after death, and after returning, he wrote the "Five Sorrows Text", and told his relatives and friends about his current situation, and after saying goodbye to him, he threw himself into the water and died.
Lu Zhaolin's life seems that fate is always playing tricks on him, and good chances always pass him by, according to the New Book of Tang: "Zhaolin thought that he was a high-ranking official, and he was a confucian; He was a martial artist, and he was alone with Huang Lao; hou feng Songshan, repeatedly hired sages, and was already abolished." ”
That is to say, he always wandered outside the mainstream, Gaozong Shangzhi, but he studied Confucianism all day long; Wu Zetian promoted the rule of law, and he was making Lao Tzu's quiet and inaction; and he became a waster again when the imperial court repeatedly selected good people. I don't blame him in the end, but the first two periods are a bit ignorant of current affairs, why is it always not in the flow.
Lu Zhaolin's poems have a great influence on later generations, especially in the poems of Biansai, which can be said to have the merit of enlightening the ancestors, and his Biansai poems are magnificent and majestic, that is, there is the heroism of abandoning the family for the country, and there is also the compassion of homesickness, through the figurative description, from another side, it shows the high morale and dedication of the soldiers.
Riding three autumns into, Guan Yun Wanli Ping. The snow is as dark as husha, and the ice is as bright as the moon.
Gao Que silver is Que, and the Great Wall is jade as a city. The festival is lost, and the Son of Heaven is unknown.
Although this "Rain and Snow Song" is not as famous as the later Cen Shan and Gao Shi's biansai poems, the description of the harsh environment is not inferior to Cen Gao, especially the last link, which vaguely tells people that the whole army may not have a single person alive this cruel fact, and no one knows its name, this one by one vivid life, each one is a person in that deep dream.
His farewell poems are also very distinctive, rich in emotion, although the parting is sad, but also full of self-confidence, which may be the heroic weather of the early Tang Dynasty, and the later Li Bai Dufu and many other famous pens are greatly influenced by it.
"Tunnel Baling north, Tianshan weak water east." Looking at the ten thousand miles, leaning on a zhengpeng together", this is an excerpt from one of his five-word poems, compared to Li Bai's "Green Mountains Across the North Guo, White Water Around the East City." This place is different, lonely and lonely. "Can we see some clues, I dare not say that Li Bai is suspected of piracy, I can only say that Li Bai used his verses in his poems.
No wonder the qing dynasty great scholar Shen Dezhi commented in his "Tang Poetry Bijue": "The predecessors but appreciated his majestic language, you must see a breath to undertake, not plain, not stagnant." After taibai every time there is such a grid. ”
"The years will no longer be twilight, the time is too late, there will be more worries", Lu Zhaolin should be the most tragic person in the history of poets, Huai Cai did not meet, poor and fallen, suffering from serious illness, several major misfortunes in life intersected with him, for this world, is that God let him come to the world with pain to see the beauty, and then leave with regrets, which is how unfair to Lu Zhaolin.
"Heavenly jealousy is often there, life is rare happiness coming", Lu Zhaolin's history of illness is not recorded, some say that he has suffered from polio since he was a child, some say that he is suffering from "wind disease", some people say that he is poisoned by misuse of Dan medicine; he once described his condition in the "Five Sorrows Text": "The skeleton is half dead, the blood is extinct, the four branches are withered, and the facial features are lacking." The skin is thick and wrinkled, and the clothes are full of hair and knots. Judging from the symptoms, he had "leprosy", which at that time was an incurable disease.
For Lu Zhaolin, with this disease, the rest is a process of waiting for death, he and his family, relatives and friends also gave everything they had to cure his illness, and sought medical treatment everywhere, but his illness was really too serious, and even the divine doctor Sun Simiao was helpless to do anything about it. The second half of his life has been tormented by illness, life is better than death, he is far away from relatives and friends, living a hard life, but no matter how strong his heart is, he cannot resist the ferocity of the disease, what a miserable and pathetic.
"Dead and dead is like this, born and born. Years of worry come and go, and the earth has been long and people have died together. "Every word is made of tears, mournful and miserable. This cry of despair makes us feel Lu Zhaolin's wandering choice of life and death, and how he feels when he lies in the grave he has dug for himself.
In the end, he dragged his remnants and moved step by step to the edge of Yingshui, I don't know how long Lu Zhaolin, whose legs and feet were shrunken, moved to the edge of Yingshui, but it must be extremely difficult, at this time, he came here to say goodbye to the world.
He once loved the world, he loved life, he loved his relatives, but the world gave him nothing but pain or pain, he was nostalgic for this world, but he could not bear the endless torture, he looked up at the stars, wrote the last pen,
The eastern suburbs are absolutely this unicorn pen, and the western mountains are secretly this phoenix ke.
Dead and dead, dead and dead, dead and dead, dead and alive, dead and alive, and dead and dead.
This is the last four sentences of his masterpiece "Shi Yi Wen Yue Ruo", after writing this farewell poem, Lu Zhaolin plunged into the torrent, and in an instant, everything returned to calm.
The years will be late, the time is twilight, the body is difficult to move, the heart is flying, Lu Zhaolin left, with regret, with sadness, chanting "the earth has been long and the people die together" and left, he relieved his pain, but left us with an immortal poem!