Pre-Xia History Kong Sen / Pre-Xia History Research and Review #Among the World ##夏商周 #
It's like a clam
The Battle of the Yellow Emperor and Xuan you was the first large-scale war in ancient China.
Xuanyu is the leader of the Southern Nine Dawns. The so-called Nine Li tribes refer to the nine Li tribes, it is said that these nine Li tribes, each including nine brother tribes, these nine nine eighty-one Li tribal chiefs, each with raw hair on the ears as hard as a sword, long horns on the head, can kill people, fierce and abnormal.
After Xuan You led this powerful alliance of Nine Li tribes into the central region, he clashed with the Yandi tribe that had entered the central region from the west for a long time, and finally drove the Yandi tribe to a place called Zhuolu. Emperor Yan was helpless, so he asked the Yellow Emperor clan, who had just entered the central region from the northwest, to join forces to fight against Xuan You. Thus, there was this vicious battle between the Yellow Emperor and Xuan You.
According to legend, the Yellow Emperor and Xuan You fought, began nine battles and nine defeats, in desperation, Shangwangwu Mountain Heavenly Temple top held a heavenly sacrifice ceremony, asked the Heavenly Emperor for assistance, got the support of the Queen Mother's mother, sent the gods to help each other, and achieved the final victory.
The Great Wilderness North Classic records this war as follows:
"There are those who are attached to the Kun Mountain, there are platforms for co-construction, and those who shooters dare not go north." There are people dressed in green clothes, known as the Yellow Emperor's female rays. Xuan You made a military campaign against the Yellow Emperor, and the Yellow Emperor was the field of Jizhou that Ying Long attacked. Ying Long stored water, and Xuan You asked the wind and rain master to indulge in heavy wind and rain. The Yellow Emperor was the daughter of the heavens, and the rain stopped, so she killed You. The stingray cannot be restored, and the dwelling is not rainy. Shu Junyan is the emperor, and the north of chishui is placed behind. Shu Jun is Tian Zu. The time comes to die. Whoever desires to drive it away, lings: 'God goes north!' 'Remove the waterways first, and break through the ditches.' ＂
In addition, the Warring States Policy Qin Zhao Yun: "The Yellow Emperor cut zhuo deer and captured you." ＂
Yun: "Xuan Yu Nai was defeated by Han Quan, killed in Zhongji, and its land was named After the wilderness." ＂
"Jizhou", "Zhuolu", and "Hanquan" are the places where Huang Xuan fought and Xuan You was captured and killed. Hebei Province is referred to as "Ji", and Zhangjiakou City under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province also happens to have two places: "Zhuolu" and "Hanquan". Moreover, Fan Wenlan noted "Zhuolu" in the "General History of China" as "Zhuolu or said to be in Huailai County, Hebei Or in Zhuolu County", and "Hanquan" as "It is said that Hanquan is in Huailai County, Hebei", which seems to be no problem.
However, if you look closely at the "Great Wilderness North Classic" quoted above, "the wilderness of Jizhou" should be in the distance paragraph and the "Gonggongtai" and Chishui "are not far away." Where are the "Gonggongtai" and "Red Water"? The "Gonggongtai" and the "Buzhou Mountain" of the Gonggong "Fury" are all in the northwest of Wangwu Mountain in Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, and "Chishui" is the upper reaches of the Dongyang River in Shaoyuan Town, Jiyuan City, Henan Province, which is called "Chishui" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, just northwest of the top of the main peak of Wangwu Mountain.
Near the upper reaches of the Red River, there is a mountain called You Skull Village, because there is a boulder on the top of the mountain like a human head, and the crowd legends that Xuan You was killed in a different place, that is, the head of Xuan You. Maybe Xuan You's head was really buried on a certain hill in Wangwu Mountain.
In this way, the "wild of Jizhou" should not run thousands of miles away from Zhangjiakou in Hebei Province.
What's going on?
Originally, "Jizhou" in ancient times mainly referred to the Shanxi area, "Lü's Spring and Autumn , Youshi Yun" Yun: "Between the two rivers is Jizhou, Jinye." "The Two Rivers refers to the Yellow River, the ancient Yellow River from the southeast of Shanxi to the north, through the central part of Hebei, and then to the northeast, to Tianjin into the sea, Shanxi and the western part of Hebei are sandwiched between the Yellow River, so there is a saying "between the two rivers".
For the Yellow Dragon War "The Book of the Three Dynasties of Confucius", it is recorded: "The Yellow Emperor killed (蚩尤) in the Middle Ji, and the body of the Yellow Emperor was different, and its blood was transformed into a halogen, then the salt pond was dissolved." Because of its corpse solution, it is called the solution. ＂
"Xie" is also the "XieZhou" of present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi Province.
Xiezhou salt pond
Yuncheng Xiezhou was called "Zhuolu" in ancient times, and the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Hanyong Xiezhou's "Yanchi Xiaowang" poem Yun: "Zhuozhou City head is divided into dawns, and the plain pond is like practicing dustless." These two poems of Wang Han suddenly explained the relationship between "Xuan You", "Xie Zhou", "Zhuo Lu", and "Yan Chi", and we should be very grateful to the poet Wang Han.
So, where is Hanquan? The third volume of the Mengxi Pen Talk: "Xiezhou Yanze, Fang Hundred and Twenty Miles." Long rain, the water of the four directions, poured into it, did not overflow; the great drought did not taste dry. The halogen is red, and under the Han Spring, it is commonly known as the blood of the silkworm. It can be seen that The Han Spring is an integral part of the salt pond, and the "Han Spring" is located near the salt pond, which is undoubtedly also.
Regarding Zhangjiakou's "Hanquan", I once asked my brother Benjia, who works in Zhangjiakou: "Is the water in Your Hanquan here salty?" He replied: "I heard that mineral water can be made, 'Nongfu Spring is a little sweet'." It can be seen that the "Hanquan" in Zhangjiakou is not a salt pond.
Qian Mu said in the Introduction to the History of Chinese Culture: "The Spring of Han should be in the territory of present-day Xie County in the southwest of Shanxi. Most of the forces of these two tribes (the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor) were stretching northward across the Yellow River. Near Xie County, there is the famous Xie County Salt Pond, which became a target for various tribes in the central plains of ancient China. Therefore, who occupies the salt pond means that he is qualified as the joint leader of the tribes. ＂
It turned out that the Yellow Emperor, the Yan Emperor, and Xuan You all came to this salt pond.
The defeat of Xuan You by the Yanhuang coalition army naturally opened the prelude to the war between the two major tribes of Yanhuang. Shi Zai: Since then, the two major tribes of the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor have had three major conflicts in Hanquan, and the Yellow Emperor has won the final victory and has since gained a firm foothold in the central region. Most of the Yandi clan retreated to the south, while a small number remained in the north.
It seems that Zhuolu and Hanquandi, who were defeated and killed by Xuanyou, are more credible in Xiezhou, Shanxi.
So, what should be said about Zhuolu and Hanquan in Zhangjiakou, Hebei? Could it be that the great historian Fan Wenlan was wrong?
In fact, Fan Wenlan was not wrong, Zhangjiakou did have Zhuolu and Hanquan, but it was not Zhuolu and Hanquan, who were killed in the battle between Xuanyou and the Yellow Emperor, but the original settlement of the Yellow Emperor's tribe. After their victory with the Xuanyou and Yandi tribes, they moved the name of their hometown to show their nostalgia for their hometown and the pride and joy of getting a new settlement. This is the common sentiment of people, and it is also the reason for the so-called "place names go with people".
However, this phenomenon of "place names go with the people" will also bring trouble to ordinary people if they are not paid attention to. What if there was an admirer of Xuan You or a descendant of Jiu Li who returned from the United States to find his roots or hang on to Yu Yingling, but ran to the hometown of the Yellow Emperor in Zhangjiakou, what is this?
However, this phenomenon of "place names go with the people" is of great benefit to historical research, allowing historians to find the trajectory of the migration of ethnic groups. For example, this example can prove that the Yellow Emperor tribe did indeed enter the central region from the northwest region.
Xuanyu is a god of war, and the fiery red xuanyou banner is the symbol of his god of war. The "History of Gaozu Benji" records: "⋯ The people do not dare to act, Nai Liji is the Duke of Pei, the Yellow Emperor of the Ancestral Temple, the sacrifice of clams is especially in the Pei Ting, and the banner of the drum is red." "Liu Bang's clever place is not only to worship the god of war, Xuan You, but also to worship the Yellow Emperor, because he knows why the god of war, Xuan You, was killed by the Yellow Emperor. Because of this, he was able to finally defeat another god of war, Xiang Yu.
The Yellow Emperor was finally able to defeat Xuan You, and Liu Bang was finally able to defeat Xiang Yu, which cannot be simply explained by "the winner is the king and the loser is Kou". The winner is the king, and the loser is the reason why he wins and the king is the king, and the loser is also the reason why he loses and is the king.
The "Dragon Fish River Map" records: "The regent of the Yellow Emperor, there are eighty-one brothers of Xuan You, the beast body and human language, the copper head and iron forehead, the eating sand and stones, the creation of the staff of the sword and the crossbow, the mighty world, the killing of the roadless, the unkind." The people wanted the Yellow Emperor to do the things of heaven, and the Yellow Emperor could not forbid Xuan You with benevolence and righteousness, but looked up at the sky and sighed. Heaven sent the Xuan Daughter to give the Yellow Emperor bing to believe in the rune, subdue Xuan You, and the emperor made him the main soldier to control the eight directions. ＂
It can be seen that the will of The Will of God is the fundamental reason for victory, and no matter how strong the force is, it cannot withstand the will of the People of Providence.
"The Great Wilderness Of the South Classic": "There are Song Shan people, there are red snakes, and the name is Yu Snake." There is a wood on the mountain, known as maple. Maple, the shackles of which Cangyou abandoned, is for maple. ＂
Every year in late autumn, when the maple leaves are red, the Wangwu Mountain is full of red leaves. Visitors enjoy the spectacular scenery, and some of them may recall the story of Xuan you.
The mountains were rustling with red leaves, as if telling people something.