About four or five thousand years ago, in ancient China, there was an emperor (the leader of the tribal alliance) named Shun, surnamed Yao, who was originally a member of the Yu tribe, so he was also called Yu Shun. Legend has it that he had two pupils in each pair of eyes, and he was named "Chonghua". This "Chonghua" may be the origin of the name "Zhonghua".
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Where is The Emperor Shun's hometown? So far, there is no unified statement. According to my own hope, his hometown is best in Yuyao or Shangyu, Zhejiang. These two places may have belonged to the same place in ancient times, but later due to changes in geographical division and attribution, the county was different. There are many versions of Yu Shun's hometown, saying that he is in Yuyao or Shangyu, which is also well documented.
The Jin "Taikang Zhi" says: "Shun avoided Danzhu (Emperor Yao's eldest son) Shiwu Mountain in Yuyao's hometown. This place is the land of Shun's reclamation, so it is called "Yu Mountain". The Yushan Temple is still there, and there is a statue of Yu Shun inside.
Mencius records: "Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to Negative Xia, died in Mingtiao, and the people of Dongyi were also." Mencius only says in this passage that Shun was born in Zhufeng, but does not indicate where Zhufeng is. However, there are 6 Zhufeng and 21 Lishan (the place where Emperor Shun cultivated) in the country, and the relevant legends are related to Shun's life. But the "people of Dongyi" are exquisite.
Mr. Xu Xusheng, a well-known historian, pointed out in the book "The Legendary Era of Ancient Chinese History" that Yuyao has always been Wuyue Dongyi since the pre-Qin period. Dongyi is a large number of tribes in the ancient East of China, located in the East China Sea, located in the Jiangsu area of Zhejiang, so the Yi people called Dongyi.
The famous thinker Huang Zongxi said in his commentary on "Mencius Said that Shun was born in ZhufengZhang": "The two counties of Present-day Yuyao and Shangyu are named after Shun. Its water passes through the Yao River in Yuyao. Also known as Shunjiang. Its water is known as the Baiguan River by the Shangyu. Yuyao has Alexandre. Shangyu has a grip to climb the mountain. Shunmu's name also. There is a rainbow, holding the big rainbow, and the sense is born. There are elephant fields, and the cultivators in their soil go to get ancient pottery. Shun's monuments are the largest in these two counties. The ancient name is 'The Man of Dongyi'. ”
The "Yuyao County Chronicle", "Shangyu County Chronicle" and "Shangyu Shun Emperor Temple Chronicle" also record shun's deeds. The names Ofu and Shangyu, named after Emperor Shun, are rare in the country, and the canon also lies in Shun.
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Yu Shun's ascension to the throne of God must have been unthinkable in his dreams. His family was humble, he experienced ups and downs, and engaged in various manual labor. He farmed, fished, made pottery, and did a small business, displaced, and traveled everywhere to support his family.
When Shun was 20 years old, he was very famous, and he was known for filial piety. He can uphold filial piety to his abusive and persecuting parents. His father was blind, his mother died very early, and when his stepmother gave birth to a younger brother, the family became disgusted and even harmful to him
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However, Shun was still very filial to his parents and very friendly to his brother. Once, his father and brother set fire to the grass hut and wanted to burn Shun to death. Shun escaped and fled, and later returned to serve his parents, friendly to his brothers, as always. People praised his character and were willing to follow him, so "one year he lived in Chengju (Ju is a village), two years chengyi, three years Chengdu (four counties as the capital)".
Emperor Yao was very happy to learn of this, and gave Shun clothes and cattle and sheep, and built a barn for him.
At that time, the leader of the tribal alliance was Yao, a saintly emperor. Yao originally wanted to pass the throne to his son Danju, but this son was not angry at all, did not do the right thing, was idle, gathered friends and fought fiercely, and caused trouble.
Yao taught his son how to govern the world, but Danzhu said that the world had been ruled by his father clearly and unreasonably. Yao taught him to play stone chess (Go), and originally thought that his son would understand the mysteries of governing the people, the army, and the mountains and rivers in the process of learning chess. Who knows, Danju began to learn with great interest, but within a few days he gave up and played doule as usual.
Emperor Yao was so sad that he decided not to let his son succeed to the throne again, so he went to ask his courtiers. There is a passage in the Yaodian in the Book of Shang that reads:
Yao asked the princes of the four directions, "I have reigned for seventy years, and who of you can obey the Mandate of Heaven and replace my throne?" ”
All the princes shook their heads and said, "We are of despicable virtue and are not worthy to replace the throne." ”
There was a courtier named Fang Qi who recommended Emperor Yao's son Danzhu and said that Danzhu was enlightened.
Di Yao refused: "He speaks vainly and argues, can he?" ”
Yao told everyone to think again, you can recommend the virtuous among the nobles, and you can also nominate the humble virtuous of the lower level.
The crowd proposed, "There is a poor commoner named Yu Shun. ”
Yao said, "I've heard of this man, how is he?" ”
Everyone said, "He is the son of a blind leguan." His father was unsympathetic, his stepmother was disloyal in his speech, his brother was arrogant and unfriendly, and Shun was able to live in harmony with them. He impressed them with the virtue of filial piety, and strengthened his self-cultivation, not to fall into evil. ”
Yao said, "Give it a try." I'm going to marry my two daughters to Shun, and I'm going to observe Shun's virtues from my two daughters. ”
Therefore, Yao married the two daughters of Emperor E and Lady Ying to Shun.
Shun, Emperor E, and Lady Ying lived by the banks of the Shuishui River and acted according to etiquette, and both daughters were very devoted to Shun.
Yao let Shun be responsible for promoting moral education. Shun then taught his subjects to guide their behavior with the five virtues of fatherly righteousness, motherly kindness, brotherhood, brotherhood, and filial piety. His subjects were willing to follow his teachings and generally acted in accordance with the Five Canons.
Yao also asked Shun to take charge of the hundred officials and handle government affairs, and the hundred officials obeyed Shun's command, and all the things were revitalized, and none of them were abandoned, and they appeared to be particularly orderly and disorderly.
Yao also put Shun at the four gates of the court to receive the princes from all four sides who came to see him. Shun got along well with the princes, and also made the princes harmonious and friendly. The princes and guests from afar all respected him.
In the end, Yao let Shun go alone to the forest in the foothills of the mountain as an official to guard the mountain forest, and endure the test of nature. Shun also patrolled the mountains and forests in the bad weather of storms and thunderstorms, and never missed anything
After three years of various investigations, Di Yao felt that Shun, no matter what he said or did, was very mature and reliable, and could achieve achievements, so he decided to cede the throne to Shun. On the first day of the first lunar month (the first day of the first month), he held a Zen ceremony at the Taimiao Temple, officially allowing Shun to succeed him and ascend to the throne of the Son of Heaven.
Yao retired to the throne and died 28 years later. At that time, "the people mourned as if they had lost their parents. Three years, the four parties do not hold up the music, to think of Yao", it can be seen that people's nostalgia for Yao is sincere.
Demarcate the boundaries of the twelve states; revise the criminal law; revise the calendar; limit the power of the princes, specify rewards and punishments, and strengthen local rule; and tour the various places to examine the people's feelings.
Emperor Shun severely punished those criminals who refused to repent, exiled the gonggong to Youzhou, exiled Huandu to Chongshan, expelled Sanmiao to Sanwei, and exiled the carp who had no success in controlling water to Yushan. The bad guys are punished, and the hearts of the people of the world are satisfied.
The most important aspect of Shun's political reform is to strengthen the legal system while using useful talents and clarifying duties.
Shun Mingyu served as "Sikong" and governed the water and soil; Feng Ren served as "Hou Ji" and was in charge of agriculture; Feng Qi served as "Situ" and promoted indoctrination; Ming Gao Tao served as a "scholar" and was in charge of the criminal law; Feng Chu served as a "gonggong" and was in charge of hundreds of workers; Feng Yi served as "Yu" and was in charge of the mountains and forests; Feng Boyi served as "Zhizong" and presided over ceremonies; Feng Qi was made a "music official" who was in charge of music and education; and Feng Long served as a "Na Yan", responsible for issuing orders and collecting the following opinions.
Shun also established an inspection mechanism for officials, stipulating a number of years to examine political achievements, rewarding those who have achieved achievements with carriages, horses, and clothing as remuneration, and those who are incompetent are replaced. Shun set up officials to divide their duties, so that officials could distinguish their duties, improve their work efficiency, and prosper all industries, so that the people of the world could live and work in peace and contentment. As a result, "the merits of Emperor Xian dai within the four seas" and "the mingde of the world all began with Emperor Yu", showing an unprecedented situation of peace.
Shun became emperor at the age of 30, reigned for 50 years, and died for some reason while touring the south.
During a tour of the south, he died in present-day Jiuqi Mountain, Hunan Province. At that time, his two concubines, Emperor E and Lady Ying, stayed in Junshan in Dongting Lake due to the hot weather. It was night, and Nuying suddenly dreamed of Emperor Shun, sitting in a Yao car, descending from the sky, and told her that she was no longer alive, and everyone should not be sad. Soon, the news of Shun's death came from the Wilderness of Cangwu.
Empress Dowager E and Lady Ying were extremely sad, and the tears gradually dried up, and drops of blood flowed out of their eyes. Tears and blood were sprinkled on the green bamboo on the Junshan Mountain in Dongting Lake. The fierce wind roared with torrential rain, and the Dongting Lake set off layers of huge waves, and after the two of them carefully dressed up, just like Shun, who welcomed the return of the long journey, they joined hands and threw themselves into the Dongting Lake, and suddenly the wind and rain stopped, and the waves were not alarmed.
To this day, the verdant clusters of Xiangfei bamboo on Junshan Mountain are still stained with speckled tears, which makes people think endlessly. It is said that the Xiang women are beautiful and affectionate, virtuous and intelligent, and may have been more or less influenced by Emperor E and Nüying.
"The world's Mingde begins with Yu Shun." Di Shun is the founder of Chinese moral culture, the historical promoter of the barbarism to civilization, and his cultural spiritual core "morality first, re-education" deeply affects future generations.