Zhao Zhao, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, reigned for 35 years and successively appointed 15 prime ministers, of which Qin Juniper occupied the position for nearly 20 years. Zhao Zhuo said: "Juniper Park is loyal. Zhang Jun, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, reprimanded: "I have recently worked with [Qin Jun] and have always known its darkness." In the face of such a big controversy, Qin Juniper can still be in charge of the cardinal for a long time, and the reason is intriguing.
Peace with Jin Yi began with Qin Juniper
Negotiating peace was not only Qin Ju's political proposition, but also Zhao Shuo's ruling needs. After jing kang's disaster, Zhao Zhuo was hastily ascended to the throne by his courtiers without receiving the will of his father and brother to pass the throne. The improper position caused Zhao Shuo's psychology to have inferiority and panic, and it was urgent to get out of the military struggle and free up his hands to consolidate his own power.
Above_ Map of the Southern Song Dynasty (Mongolia, Jin, Western Xia, Southern Song Dynasty)
At the beginning of the founding of the Southern Song Dynasty, under the strong military pressure of the Jin Dynasty, the Song army was repeatedly defeated in battles, smelling the golden changes, and the combat effectiveness could not be the same as that of the Jin army. In addition, in the nearly three years from the time of Zhao Shuo's accession to the throne to qin's southern return, there were as many as 30 large-scale military rebellions and local civil uprisings in the Southern Song Dynasty. To make matters worse, the Southern Song Dynasty lived in a remote corner, the financial revenue was only 1/4 of the Northern Song Dynasty, but the military expenditure was far worse than that of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the income could not be made endowed, and the dilemma was exposed. Unstable status and internal and external troubles have become a difficult problem that Zhao Zhuo urgently needs to solve.
Qin Juniper had personally experienced the difficulties of Jing Kang, and he was also a grandfather at that time. He strongly opposed the Northern Song Dynasty's land-cutting and peace-seeking and supporting Zhang Bangchang, leaving Zhao Zhuo with the impression of loyalty to the country. In the fourth year of Jianyan (1130 AD), Qin Ju fled back to the Southern Song Dynasty from the Jin Dynasty, and his political stance shifted from the main war to the main peace. On the third day of his arrival in Lin'an, he put forward a political proposal to Zhao Shuo for foreign negotiations and peace. The "Biography of Song Shi Qin Juniper" records: "It is true that the special efforts to resolve the feud and negotiate peace with the Jin people really began from the beginning of the juniper." Qin Jun's proposal for peace can be said to be accurate to Zhao Shuo's vein.
The pulse is numbered, and then it is time to prescribe the right medicine. In the first year of Shaoxing (1131 AD), Qin Ju paid his first visit. During this period, he cultivated henchmen, engaged in personal fraud, and added the immature proposal of "the southerners return to the south, and the northerners return to the north", and he was deposed the following year. This period can be regarded as the political run-in period between Zhao Zhuo and Qin Ju.
Above_ Qin Juniper's "Sayings Sticker"
In March of the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138 AD), Qin Ju, who advocated the growing maturity of the Huihe, re-entered the phase. He demanded a peer-to-peer secret politics with Zhao. Doing so not only reduces the discussion and resistance, but also monopolizes the privilege of making peace with Jin Guo, and can also monopolize the discussion and great merit, playing the role of killing three birds with one stone. The following year, the Song and Jin countries reached a peace treaty.
Unexpectedly, the Jin Dynasty staged a coup d'état the following year, tearing up the peace treaty. Under the counterattack of the Song army, the Jin army's strength was not captured, and the decline began to appear. Regardless of the favorable situation of resisting Jin, Zhao Zhuo and Qin Ju suppressed the members of the main war faction, stripped the generals of military power, and finally reached the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement". Zhao Zhuo commented: "Qin Ju praised the peace talks, and the world was peaceful. In order to negotiate peace, Qin Juniper spared no effort and did his best. Zhao Zhuo's "engine" needs a "gearbox" like Qin Juniper to exert maximum power, which creates conditions for Qin Juniper's special phase.
Above: Emperor Gaozong of Song (1107–1187)
Ponder the Sacred Heart and grow the power
To be a "tumbler" in the political arena, Qin Juniper also needs to cater to the Holy Will. In the third year of Jianyan (1129 AD), Zhao Shuo's only son, Zhao Xu, died tragically. The death of this child indicates the severance of Emperor Taizong's descendants. Zhao Zhuo accepted the suggestion of Qunchen and selected Zhao Boqun (later Song Xiaozong) and Zhao Bojiu from the seventh grandson of the Taizu lineage. The "History of Song" records: "Bo Jiu changed his name to Zhen, and Bo Jiu changed his name to Xuan. The two were kept in the palace as alternate candidates to take over the throne.
The question is, who should the two sons of the clan choose? Some ministers issued a call for "and after the marriage, the ancient thought is a warning, this is not feasible", and the public opinion of the imperial court generally supported the appointment of the elderly Zhao Yan as the crown prince. Zhao Zhuo reacted coldly to the opinions of the Qunchen and did not comment on them. At this time, Zhao Ding and Qin Ju were in harmony with each other, and their attitude towards Chu was particularly important.
In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138 AD), Zhao Zhuo personally granted zhao xuan the defense of hezhou and made him the duke of Wu. Zhao Ding objected, believing that the founding duke that Zhao Xuan had first sealed was a small country, and that the Duke of Wu that Zhao Xuan had later sealed was a big country, and advocated that the two should be treated equally. Zhao Zhuo used the excuse of "Gu Xuzhi" to prevaricate.
Above_ Qin Juniper (1090-1155), Zihuizhi
Qin Ju got rid of the inertia of thinking of the son of Emperor Lizong as the prince, and said to Zhao Zhao: "Zhao Ding wants to make the crown prince, and he is waiting for His Majesty to have no children in the end. At this time, Zhao Zhuo was only 31 years old, in his prime, and the establishment of a parent-child as a prince was not only related to the inheritance of the Southern Song Dynasty's imperial inheritance, but also involved the continuation of Emperor Taizong's heirs. Qin Juniper's words undoubtedly scratched Zhao Zhao's itchy flesh.
Soon, Zhao Ding resigned, and Qin Juniper opened the era of solitude. Not only that, during Qin Ju's reign, he always suppressed Zhao Huan, who was expected by the public, and to a certain extent, played a role in assisting Zhao Zhuo to consolidate his power. On the political stage built by Zhao, Qin Ju played the role of a "check and balance" and was an important value in the political system at that time.
Above_ Zhao Zhao's Book of "Preface to the Collected Works of Emperor Huizong" (partial)
Weaving relations control public opinion
In order to control power, Qin Ju took great pains. Xu Mengzi, a scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty, recorded in the Compilation of the Northern League of the Three Dynasties: "In general, the state is the juniper of the commission, the family affairs committee (Zhang) goes, and the one-body commission (wang) succeeds the first." It can be seen that the three prime ministers Qin Ju, the eunuch Zhang Go, and the imperial physician Wang Jixian are the "iron triangle" around Zhao Shuo.
Zhang Went to "tired of moving to the inner province to serve the province of Du zhi, and he was in cahoots with the foreign court", and he and Qin Ju colluded with each other, "through the joints, wantonly demanding, robbing women, and embezzling fishing and wealth, then Juniper did not try anything." "Qin Juniper's next target is Wang Jixian." When Wang Andao's father succeeded him, Qin Ju made his wife Wang Shi worship him as a brother, and he had close contacts. And Qin Jun's granddaughter married Empress Wu's younger brother Wu Yi, and the Qin and Wu families formed a family. Through this operation, Qin, Wang, Zhang, and Wu formed a close community of interests.
In the fifteenth year of Shaoxing (1145 AD), Qin Ju made his son Qin Xi concurrently serve as an attendant. Through this identity, he entered and exited the "sutra feast" sponsored by the emperor, and further strengthened the control of public opinion and monitored Zhao Zhuo by "observing the movements of the people and the lord and the advance of the lecturers". Through the network of relations, Qin Juniper has insight into the dynamics and grasps the details, providing the necessary guarantee for the dictatorship.
Above_ Statue of King Yue'e
The party is in charge of power alone
For the alien, Qin Juniper was not soft. Peace is the trump card in his hand, and he does not allow the main warrior faction to challenge. In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140 AD), the main war faction had the advantage in the anti-Jin battlefield. Qin Ju instigated Zhao Zhuo to use twelve gold medals a day to force Yue Fei to take the class. The following year, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, Yue Fei and others surrendered in the open and secret, and seized military power. Qin Ju even killed Yue Fei on the charge of "false accusations", reversing the unfavorable situation of the lord and faction in one fell swoop.
Not only the main war faction, but also dissidents were also attacked by Qin Juniper and his henchmen. The "Biography of Song Shi Qin Juniper" describes: "His obstinate and shameless people are used for junipers, and they strive to frame the good as merit." His corrections are not guilty, but he is slanderous, reprimanded, resentful, established the party and sold his name, and even whether he has a monarchy or not. "Qin Juniper carried out a reign of terror in Lin'an," a pawn of the inspectors, all over the capital, involving small ridicule, that is, arrest and governance, in deep chinese. Under the strong purges, the political arena of the Southern Song Dynasty formed a political force with Qin Juniper as the core, establishing his unbreakable position.
- Song Xiaozong, Zhao Xuan (shèn, 27 November 1127 – 28 June 1194)
After Emperor Xiaozong of Song succeeded to the throne, the evil consequences of Qin Ju's dictatorship began to appear. On the one hand, "bad money expelled good money", the talent of the imperial court withered, and it was embarrassing to take on great responsibilities; on the other hand, the society was weak, morale was low, and it was not enough to achieve things, and the double pressure led to the vain of Song Xiaozong's enthusiasm for restoring the country. Historian Qian Mu commented: "There were generals in the past, there were no junxiang, and now there are junxiang and no generals. "The initiator of this cup of bitter wine is none other than Qin Juniper, and the Southern Song Dynasty paid a heavy price for it."
Author: Ji Bai Dang Black Correction/Editor: Lilith
Resources:
[1] Zheng Yubo, From Li Gang to Qin Juniper: A Study of the Politics of Emperor Gaozong of Song
[2] Dong Xining, "On the Political Balances of Qin Jujiuxiang and Gaozong Dynasty"
[3] Yang Feng, "New Exploration of Song Jin" and "War" in the Early Years of the Southern Song Dynasty"
[4] Qiu Shaoping, "The Reason for Qin Juniper's Entry into the Phase"
The text was created by the History University Hall team, and the picture originated from the Internet and the copyright belongs to the original author