Puyang is the most obscure prefecture-level city in Henan, except for the Zhongyuan Oil Field, which seems to remind people of Puyang, and has the least reputation among henan's "five yangs" (Luoyang, Nanyang, Anyang, Xinyang, Puyang). But what everyone does not know is that in the pre-Qin period, Puyang was the center of the ancient Yellow River civilization in the east.
The ancient civilization of the Yellow River has three centers, one is the Heluo civilization represented by Luoyang, one is the Fenhe civilization represented by Yuncheng, and the other is the eastern civilization represented by Puyang. At that time, the Guanlong civilization was still unknown, and it was only after the Zhou people moved into Zhouyuan from the east that it gradually developed.
Puyang Zhonghua Dragon Square
Puyang, known as Diqiu in ancient times, was the capital of The Imperial Palace. As the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, the son of Shao Hao, and the second emperor of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, he fought in the Great Battle of Gonggong on the west bank of the Yellow River in Puyang, and died after the defeat of Gonggong and the failure of ZhouShan. After the victory of The Emperor, he unified Huaxia and then declared himself emperor. After Emperor Zhao was Emperor Zhao (帝喾), who began in Diqiu and later moved to the Heluo Plain.
Puyang is an important birthplace of ancient civilization, and three groups of mussel dragon and tiger figure tombs have been excavated on the west water slope of Puyang. According to the survey, its age is about 6400 years ago, and the mussel shell dragon is recognized by the archaeological community as "the first dragon in China", so it is named "China Dragon Township".
Emperor Shun's hometown
The Puyang area is the junction area between the Yellow Emperor Huaxia Group and the Xuanyou Dongyi Group, where the Yellow Emperor and Xuan you fought, and the Tomb of Xuan You is in Taiqian County. The Yellow Emperor's eldest son, Shao Hao, built the city of Dunqiu in Qingfeng County, and the second son, Chang, built Changyi City in Nanle. This is the place where "Zisheng" Cangjie was founded, and there are book-making sites in nanle today, as well as Cangjie Mausoleum and Cangjie Temple.
After Emperor Yao succeeded to the throne as the chief of Huaxia, he mainly operated between Henan and Hebei in Shanxi, and was buried in Fan County, Puyang, which also had the YaoMu Temple and the tomb of Yao's son Zhu Dan. Emperor Shun was also born in Puyang Shifan County, and was the chief of the Yao surname, and after Yao established Shun as the leader of Huaxia. During this period, the Dongyi chieftain Boyi in shandong cooperated with Shun in controlling the water, and later made a contribution to Dayu's rule of water and was determined to be Yu's heir.
After Zhongkang, the fourth King of Xia of the Xia Dynasty, was defeated and killed by Houyi, his son Xiang fled to the tribe of his maternal grandfather in the Puyang region and succeeded to the throne at Diqiu. Later, "Xiang" was chased by Han Hun to Emperor Qiu and killed, and his widow, Shao Kang, grew up to be an adult, killed Han Hun and successfully restored the country. Shaokang also claimed the title of emperor at Emperor Qiu, and did not move to "Yuan" (near present-day Jiyuan) until his son Emperor Zhu succeeded to the throne. During these decades, Diqiu (Puyang) has been the center of activity of the Xia Dynasty.
The location of Diqiu
During the Shang Dynasty, Diqiu also served as the capital of the Shang. The first ancestor of the Shang dynasty was in Diqiu, and it was not until his third grandson Xiangtu that he moved to Shangqiu. Later, Shang Tang destroyed Xia and established the Shang Dynasty, but the early Shang Dynasty frequently moved the capital, and the Shang King Hejia moved back to "Xiang", that is, Neihuang County, Neihuang County, Henan, was connected with Puyang City. When pan geng moved from Xiangong to Yin on the west bank of the Yellow River, this stabilized.
During the Zhou Dynasty, Puyang was a dependency of the Wei state, and after Wei Cheng moved the capital to Emperor Qiu, Di Qiu became the capital of the Wei state for 400 years. The city of Qiyi (southeast of Puyang City) is the most prosperous city in the east of Weiguo, and most of the 14 alliances between Weiguo and the princes are in Qiyi. Because Puyang became the capital of xia, shang and wei many times in the pre-Zhou dynasty, it was named "The Imperial Capital of China" by the Chinese Ancient Capital Society in 2012.
Map of Puyang Municipal District
The key to the fact that the Puyang area became the eastern center of the ancient Yellow River civilization in the Proterozoic period was that the Yellow River flowed through Anyang during this period, and it was very stable, and there were few broken banks. Puyang is just east of the Yellow River, with flat terrain and abundant water and grass, which is suitable for agricultural production. At that time, the climate in the Central Plains was still relatively warm and temperate, and the terrain in central Henan such as Zhengzhou and Kaifeng was low-lying, there were many swamps, and the Yellow River was prone to flooding. Moreover, Puyang is close to Dongyi, which is a zone where Chinese civilization and Dongyi civilization meet and merge, and the degree of collision of civilizations is high, and it is said that Yu Shun and Shang Tang actually represent the political forces in the east to a large extent.
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Yellow River began to swing east of Puyang, and frequently broke its banks in Puyang, and Puyang gradually declined. In the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,000 yuanfeng, he personally led tens of thousands of officials and generals to Puyang to block the Urzi River; in the autumn of the fourth year of the founding of the Hancheng Emperor, the imperial court sent officials to block and build a golden embankment; in the twelfth year (69) of the Ming Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, under the presidency of the famous water conservancy expert Wang Jing, he built canals and built embankments for more than a thousand miles, consolidating the river channel in the south of the city, and the Yellow River Anlan for more than 700 years.
Diqiu Ancient City
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Puyang was forced to migrate, and nomadic people successively entered Puyang and merged with the Han people, while large areas of arable land were converted into pastures, and agricultural production was destroyed. Moreover, Yicheng, located on the north bank of the Zhanghe River, was the political center of Hebei, becoming the main battlefield for the political forces of northern Zhou and Northern Qi, Sui, and Tang, and The Puyang army was plagued by disasters, especially the peasant uprising in Wagangzhai at the end of the Sui Dynasty, just around Puyang in Anyang.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Wang Xianzhi and Huangchao uprisings were launched in Puyang and Shandong, and Puyang became the main battlefield. Hou Liang and Later Tang alone fought more than 200 battles in Puyang. The long-term war and chaos caused serious damage to the construction of more than 100 years in the early Tang Dynasty.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Puyang's economy had a brief recovery, but with the invasion of the Jin Dynasty, the Yellow River was diverted many times and broke its banks, and Puyang once again fell into the point of flooding. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Puyang was devastated by the war, the scene was extremely desolate, the roads were overgrown with bushes, the population was cut off, and by the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were only seven surnames left in the local residence, and the population was less than a thousand. Later, Emperor Taizong of Ming entered the Great Migration from Shanxi, and the population was restored.
Night view of the city
In the five years of the Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River once again broke the embankment and flowed north, turning most of the Puyang area into a Zeguo, drowning a large number of people. After this major diversion, the Yellow River ran northeast into the sea through Puyang, Fan County, and the former border of present-day Tai, and flooded in the territory, causing harm for 29 years.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Puyang was the center of the Jiluyu Anti-Japanese Base Area and the main battlefield of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression; the Japanese army carried out a major "sweep" of the central area of the Jiluyu Anti-Japanese Base Area, and the main forces of the Jiluyu Military Region and the local armed forces cooperated closely and fought in coordination, smashing the enemy's sweep on many occasions. A total of more than 2,000 Japanese puppet troops were annihilated. The more famous battles are the Battle of Bagongqiao, the Battle of Qingfeng, and the Battle of Nanle. In October 1945, the Party Committee of the Hebei-Luyu Border Region of the Communist Party of China briefly established Puyang City, which was abolished in November 1946 when it was adjusted. During the Liberation War, this was the headquarters of the Jin-Hebei Luyu Field Army, and it was from here that Liu Deng's army leaped thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains.
Quili Puyang
Puyang city rose again because of the discovery of the Zhongyuan oil field here, and in 1974, the Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Bureau conducted an earthquake survey in the northern part of the Dongpu Depression in Henan, which has a central uplift zone extending from north to south. After collecting this information, the geologists of the Henan Petroleum Battle Command recommended the deployment of drilling wells. In September 1975, the Pushan 1 well was successfully drilled and obtained a high-yield oil flow. In October, a large number of oil workers from Shengli, Nanyang, Daqing, Jianghan, Changqing, Yumen and other places traveled thousands of miles to Puyang and began to develop and build zhongyuan oil fields, and Puyang City began to enter a period of rapid development.
Zhongyuan Oilfield Headquarters
After the liberation of northern Henan in May 1949, the Jilu-Yu Border Region was abolished, and Pingyuan Province was established, and the Pingyuan Provincial Puyang Special Bureau was established, with jurisdiction over 17 counties and 2 districts. In 1952, Pingyuan Province was abolished, the Puyang Special Bureau was transferred to Henan Province, and in 1954, Puyang Prefecture was merged into Anyang Prefecture. In September 1983, Puyang County was abolished, Puyang City was established, and the eight counties under the jurisdiction of the former Anyang District, namely Huaxian County, Changyuan, Puyang, Neihuang, Qingfeng, Nanle, Fan County, and Taiqian County, were assigned to Puyang City. On March 22, 1986, Puyang City's Huaxian County and Neihuang County were assigned to Anyang City, Changyuan County was assigned to Xinxiang City, and Puyang still had 5 counties left.
Puyang City is China's Chinese dragon township, acrobatics town, dragon culture and acrobatic art is the characteristics and brand of Puyang, since 2000, the Chinese Dragon Culture Festival and acrobatic art festival are held every two years, and there are many tourists.