<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="137" > introduction</h1>
Liu Yalou was a division commander during the Long March, but why was he almost absent from the entire War of Resistance?
Liu Yalou "took a helicopter" and became the chief of staff of the Democratic Coalition Army.
How could Lin Biao, who rarely praised people, say to Liu Yalou: "You are one of the three chiefs of staff!" ”
Zhan Jinzhou Lin and Luo disagreed, Lin Biao asked Liu Yalou's opinion, how did Liu Yalou answer?
Ranked as the founding general, why did Liu Yalou enjoy super high treatment after mourning?
About the legendary story of the life of the founding general Liu Yalou, and let this article briefly review it for you!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="120" >, he crossed a large number of division commanders and brigade commanders and rose straight to the chief of staff of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army</h1>
Lin Biao was a lonely and conceited man, his eyes were higher than the top, and few of the more than 1,600 founding generals could enter his eyes. In fact, the commanders of the corps and the commanders of the divisions in Shiye were able to eat the fried soybeans he caught, which was already a super high treatment.
Of course, there are always exceptions. Among them, Su Yuda will be counted as one. After all, the Huaihai Campaign crushed 800,000 elite Kuomintang troops and made the first contribution, the Battle of Eastern Henan hardened the eight regiments of the Kuomintang, destroyed one, crippled one, and Meng Lianggu took the first rank of general among the ten thousand troops.
In addition, Liu Yalou, who once served as chief of staff of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army and chief of staff of the Northeast Field Army, and Lin Biao's long-term partner, is also counted as one.
Lin Biao once praised Liu Yalou in public: You alone top three chiefs of staff! Lin Biao, who had not spoken much in the first place, was even more taciturn since he was mistakenly injured by the Jin Sui Army, and his words were like gold, and he could be praised by Lin Biao, which was simply more glorious than destroying an enemy division!
During the Liberation War, the main chiefs of the Northeast Democratic United Army and the Headquarters of the Northeast Field Army were ranked in the following order: Commander Lin Biao, Political Commissar Luo Ronghuan, Director of the Political Department Tan Zheng, and Chief of Staff Liu Yalou.
Xiao Hua, Luo Ronghuan, Liu Yalou
A popular anecdote that has emanated from this is that the telegram sent by the "Eastern General" to the Central Military Commission was initially signed "Lin Luo Tan Liu", and later because Liu Yalou was not happy, it was changed to "Lin Luo Liu Tan", and then it was simply changed to "Lin Luo Liu".
What is even more amazing is that Lin Biao has no opinion on this, Luo Ronghuan has no opinion, Tan Zheng has no opinion, and even Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu in Xibaipo have no opinion.
People often focus the story on Tan Zheng's generosity, but thinking about it from another angle, the telegram to the central government has been carefully deliberated by several chiefs, and it is by no means a joke.
If Liu Yalou is not capable of winning the approval of the two chiefs of the Eastern General Administration, and even the approval of Chairman Mao and the Central Military Commission, would he dare to move the order of signatures on the telegram?
Therefore, if you want this matter to make sense, the supplementary explanation is: Liu Yalou has strong ability and big temper, but first of all, he is strong in ability.
From 1939, when he studied in the Soviet Union, Liu Yalou was basically absent from the War of Resistance, but by February 1946, shortly after returning to the northeast, he directly served as the chief of staff of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army.
Luo Ronghuan in Dalian and Liu Yalou, then a major in the Soviet Army
The Party Central Committee organized a hundred thousand troops to break into the Guandong, and all the elites of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army went to the Northeast, and at that time, there were a large number of column commanders and division commanders who were more senior than Liu Yalou in the northeast.
Although Liu Yalou participated in the Long March and served as a division-level cadre (commander of the 2nd Division of the Red 1st Army) during the Red Army, it was almost ten years old by the early days of the Liberation War.
Therefore, seniority is by no means a reason for his superiority.
Liu Yalou studied in the Soviet Union, is a person who drank foreign ink, ate foreign bread, in the last few years of the eight years of the War of Resistance, Liu Yalou was not idle, from the 1943 Frunze Military Academy after graduation, he accompanied the Red Army training from the Anti-Japanese League to reorganize the 88th Teaching Brigade, and was also awarded the rank of major of the Soviet Red Army.
He has a strong learning ability, and less than a year after entering the Soviet Union, Liu Yalou, who originally spoke Fujianese, spoke Russian in a straight and round manner.
Because he had been engaged in staff work in the Soviet Army for a long time, Liu Yalou was familiar with the Soviet Red Army's set of tactics of infantry and artillery coordination and rifle-tank coordination, as shown in his own ten fingers.
Liu Yalou during the Soviet Red Army period
The tough generals of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army have nothing to say about marching and fighting and charging into battle, but when it comes to training professional staff officers, they can only stare wide-eyed and small-eyed.
There was no way, they knew those few words or learned in the Red Army University, and putting a copy of the "Infantry Exercise Code" in front of them was like a book in heaven.
In addition, to deal with the Soviet army throughout the northeast, there is no equivalent level of people who understand the military and understand Russian.
At this time, Luo Ronghuan, who was recuperating in Dalian, found Liu Yalou's diamond that was idle.
You can't help but say that Luo Shuai's vision is indeed very unique. At that time, there were more than 200,000 people in the Democratic Coalition Army, and nearly 100 division commanders and brigade commanders, and Luo Shuai selected Liu Yalou, who had been away from the battlefield for six or seven years and had almost become a "transparent man", as the chief of staff of the Democratic Coalition Army.
Sometimes, with the right person can be a clever hand to rejuvenate, in 1946 Liu Yalou just took office began to translate the Russian "Red Army Staff Staff Business Regulations", and from then on began to train mass production regular staff personnel.
Lin Luoliu discussed the deployment of the campaign
Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, and even Lin Biao have already seen that the "Tu Eight Road" will eventually move toward modernization and regularization, so Liu Yalou's talent is rare!
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, big temper, greater ability</h1>
Speaking of which, Liu Yalou was an old revolutionary who joined the Red Army in September 1929, the party age is almost the same as that of the old superior Luo Ronghuan, and Liu Yalou was fierce when he was young, not to mention other leaders, even Lin Biao, he was not completely convinced.
In 1930, when Liu Yalou was 20 years old, he became the battalion commander of the Red 12 army and was speaking to the soldiers of the whole battalion, Lin Biao came, touched his head after listening for a while (Liu Yalou is not tall) and said: "Your little battalion commander is not bad!" ”
Liu Yalou was immediately unhappy: "Say that I am small, you are not big, isn't it a 24-year-old small army leader!" ”
In the Democratic Coalition army and later the Northeast Field Army, almost everyone knew that the chief of staff had a big temper. Yes, Liu Yalou's temper is quite big, known as "Lei Gongye", but everyone knows that Liu Yalou is strict with others and more strict with himself.
Liu Yalou during the Soviet period
At that time, the division of labor in the Dongye Command was absolutely perfect: Lin Biao was responsible for making decisions and taking the general direction, Luo Ronghuan was responsible for the unity of commanders and fighters of political work, and the specific campaign deployment was basically completed by Liu Yalou.
Many veteran cadres and comrades in Dongye recalled that Liu Yalou arranged combat tasks one by one, clearly and precisely, and after the arrangements were completed, they also asked you what difficulties you had.
If you have a problem, if you have difficulties, immediately give you an idea and then let you go.
Ask you again what requirements you have, reasonable can be solved, want people to give people, want things to give things, and immediately implement them. In Liu Yalou's dictionary, there is never a mud and water, nor is there "we study and study".
Moreover, Liu Yalou has never been very clear about the results, and the merit is the merit, and the passing is the passing. Play well, praise at the general meeting, praise the small meeting, play badly, criticize the general assembly, criticize the small meeting, there is no "almost" or "OK" at all.
When a leader, Liu Yalou is always fully open
Even if it is a critic, Liu Yalou's words are also reasonable:
Do you have difficulty finding me, my chief of staff is a dry meal? Isn't it for you to solve the problem! You put forward to solve the problem can not count me, now crying father called the mother what counts, you think this is a child's family, this is a war! If you want to die, you won't live if you die!
After staying in the northeast for a long time, Liu Yalou's speech was also a shareholder of Peking University.
The most rare thing is that he criticizes people for not being right, and also allows subordinates to refute and defend, what you say is reasonable, you can refute him, he is happy, he feels that you have ideas, ability, adjust the deployment to continue to let you do!
But if he can't make sense of it, it will be miserable, in addition to being disciplined, he also has to slap the table and scold people.
Higashino attacked Jinzhou
In the first stage of the Liaoshen Campaign, Dongye besieged Jinzhou and demanded that the 8th column shell blockade the airport, jinzhou had a total of two airports, one that had not been used for many years and one was in use, and the commander and political commissar of the 8th column called the dongye headquarters to ask which airport to block.
This can make Liu Yalou angry, and scolded him on the phone: "You two rice barrels, two airports can use one can not be used, blockade which one still have to call for instructions?" Do you graze or eat? ”
Liu Yalou's contribution to the command system of the Northeast Field Army is concentrated in the construction of the headquarters.
He famously said that he was truly "constructive": "The headquarters is not an organ of the command team, but an organ of the chief command team." ”
At first glance, this sentence sounds a bit puzzling: of course, the headquarters is the organ of the chief command team, and the chief is not in the headquarters, where else can he go?
Liu Yalou and Lin Biao, Peng Zhen and others at the Battle of Pingjin
However, in 1946, the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army was completely different, at that time there was almost no concept of a regular command, the staff did not do the staff's business, and the battle was fought at a critical moment to carry the fast and slow machines directly to the front.
There is no way, the task of the staff officer is to fight a war, and in some units the staff officer can also transfer troops!
The problem is that military commanders at all levels are not accustomed to carrying combat staff officers, what is the operation on the map, what is the deduction of firepower, the fight is still the local method of the li works, not on the front line, stay in the command headquarters has an X use!
Some division commanders simply declared, "I am the division headquarters!" ”
At this time, the Democratic Coalition Army was not only in the state of "millet plus rifle" in terms of equipment, but also in the state of "millet plus rifle" in terms of command ideology!
This state came to an abrupt end with the arrival of Liu Yalou.
The daily training of the troops is very important
After the temporary truce in the northeast in the second half of 1946, he personally organized a staff training team, and at the beginning he was a teacher, and the courses taught were mainly the "Regulations on the Work of the Soviet Army Command".
Later, with the increasing number of students brought out, from the General Headquarters to the columns, divisions, and regiments, the professional staff officers of each unit gradually formed an explosive growth.
Subsequently, Liu Yalou set up a surveying and mapping school, organized special personnel to carry out mapping work, and at the same time he also served as the principal of the Northeast Aviation School.
When the "Tu Eight Roads" also mastered the "contract offensive tactics," and when the "three-three system," "four fast and one slow," and "one point and two sides" spread to the battalion, company, and platoon levels along with the training of the staff corps, Dongye was not something that the regional nationalist army could handle.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three, support Luo Ronghuan at a critical moment</h1>
Lin Biao, like Luo Ronghuan, was An old superior of Liu Yalou during the Red Army period, and later studied military affairs together at the Frunze Military Academy, so he knew Liu Yalou's abilities and personalities very well.
Although Liu Yalou and Lin Biao are close, it is difficult to find a photo of only two people
When Liu Yalou took office at the headquarters of the Democratic Coalition Army, Lin Biao made an exception and went out to greet him, which gave Tianda face.
At the Dongye Headquarters, Liu Yalou became Lin Biao's most trusted person, not one of them. An old man from Dongye said that lin biao basically did not adopt Liu Yalou's opinion, and the relationship between "Lin Liu" was even deeper than that of "Lin Luo".
Compared with Lin Biao, who was like an ascetic monk, and Luo Ronghuan, who was loyal and serious, Liu Yalou was the most active one in the Dongye Command, he was not only capable, but also able to play, fight seriously, and play seriously.
There is a proverb within Higashino: "The leaders of the columns always obeyed when they saw Lin, they saw the political commissar as a branch, and when they saw the chief of staff, they giggled." ”
Liu Yalou loves to hunt, loves to dance, and also loves to brag about the mountains, hunting and dancing, including polishing his shoes to polish the habits he cultivated from the Soviet Union, as for bragging and joking, Liu Yalou's talk is ten times more wonderful than Lin Biao's talk.
Liu Yalou's eyebrows fluttered and danced, and the appeal was very strong
One of the jokes Lin Biao told (if you counted as a joke) was "a conversation between a Soviet and a Chinese":
"The Soviets asked: 'Do you smoke?' Chinese answered: 'No,' the Soviets asked, 'Drink?' Chinese replied: 'No', and the Soviets asked again: 'Are you a prostitute?' Chinese replied, 'No,' the Soviets: 'What does it mean to live?' 'Chinese: '...'"
Neither the last speaker nor the person who listened laughed.
The joke Liu Yalou said was: "When I first arrived in the Soviet Union, I would have acute appendicitis, and at that time, the Medical Conditions in the Soviet Union were limited, the anesthetics were tight, and the doctor before the operation asked me: 'Do you want anesthesia?'" I hadn't learned all of Russian, I didn't know how to say 'anesthesia', so I thought the doctor asked ," "Just shake your head in confusion."
"Good fellow, this lifted me to the operating table and directly operated, this time I clenched my teeth and did not say a word, the nurse girl's hand almost broke me." After the operation, the doctor and nurse also raised their thumbs and said that I was good, and I thought that the mother sold X's dumb loss, just by virtue of this knife, this Russian must be learned quickly..."
The crowd burst into laughter.
Liu Yalou (fourth from right) and Lin Biao (third from right) pose during the Soviet period
Sometimes Lin Biao will also come over to listen to Liu Yalou bragging, Liu Yalou will get up and shout "Lin Zong" or "101" when he sees it, and Lin Biao will not move: "Talk, talk about it." ”
The relationship between the two can be seen, of course, personal friendship is a personal relationship, and Liu Yalou is still not ambiguous on the issue of principle.
In September 1948, Dongye began to besiege Jinzhou, and with all the outlying strongholds of Jinzhou being removed, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Liu Yalou, and Tan Zheng led the Dongye Headquarters to Zhengjiatun, 230 kilometers from Shenyang, on October 2.
Chiang Kai-shek, who knew full well that the loss of Jinzhou would cause the entire army in the northeast to be exhausted, greatly frightened, and dispatched 11 divisions of troops to form the "EastWard Advance Corps", led by Hou Jingru, with the cooperation of the navy and air force, to attack Tashan with the strength of the mountains and the sea.
At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek skipped Over Wei Lihuang, commander-in-chief of the Northeast "Suppression General", and directly ordered Liao Yaoxiang's corps, which had 12 divisions, to advance from Shenyang to Jinzhou in an attempt to engage in another "east-west attack" and pinch and crush the main force of Dongye.
The Dongye artillery that besieged Jinzhou
On November 2, the Higashino Command received this enemy information notice, as if Lin Biao had prepared a table of meals, and as a result, two tables of guests came. In order to block the Kuomintang's eastward advance corps and contain Liao Yaoxiang's western advance corps while taking Jinzhou and killing Fan Hanjie, Lin Biao did not have a firm grasp of the nines.
What to do? It was better to turn around and fight Changchun, so that night Lin Biao sent a report to the Central Military Commission asking the Central Military Commission to consider attacking Jinzhou or Changchun. The subtext is that Lin Biao has changed his mind and is ready to fight Changchun.
Please note that this telegram was sent as a special top secret telegram after Luo Ronghuan and Liu Yalou passed by. This shows that Luo and Liu are also aware of the seriousness of the situation.
At this critical moment, most of the history recorded by later generations highlighted the role of Luo Shuai, who did not sleep all night, and after repeated deliberations, believed that the decision to fight Jinzhou was a decision made after six months of consultation and deliberation between the Central Military Commission and the General Administration of the Communist Party of China, and it was really not suitable to change it easily.
In particular, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao placed extremely high expectations on Jinzhou. Dongye dispatched troops and prepared enough grain, grass and ammunition, and the Jinzhou war situation had been fully rolled out, and if it suddenly stopped fighting, it might have a major impact on the morale of the troops.
The decision-making core of higashino's big three
The key now is to fight Jinzhou, once Jinzhou is conquered, the enemy army facing the west of Huludao Jinzhou will become facing the main force of Dongye 300,000 troops and Jinzhou Jiancheng, there is no need to worry.
Luo Ronghuan and Lin Biao worked together for many years, well aware of Lin Biao's temper, in terms of military command Lin Biao did not like other people to point fingers, so Luo Ronghuan generally did not interfere, but this decision was really not trivial, at a critical moment, as a political commissar, he must be responsible for the entire army of Dongye and the Central Military Commission.
But to say that Lin Biao changed his mind, it was probably not so easy to just rely on Luo Ronghuan's mouth. So Luo Ronghuan immediately thought of Liu Yalou.
This is not only Luo Ronghuan's trust in Liu Yalou's party spirit and principles, but also Luo Shuai's deep understanding of the extraordinary relationship between Liu Yalou and Lin Biao.
On the morning of the 3rd, Luo Ronghuan found Liu Yalou and asked him to persuade Lin Biao to change his idea of fighting Changchun and continue to fight Jinzhou. After arriving at Lin Biao's carriage, Luo Ronghuan repeatedly explained to Lin Biao the importance of fighting Jinzhou, and suggested adding a column or several independent divisions to block the enemy in Jinxi and ensure the smooth progress of the battle against Jinxi.
Lin Biao listened silently to Luo Ronghuan for a while, without squeaking. In fact, of course, he could see these truths, but as the commander of the field army, his responsibility was very heavy and he had to be cautious.
The Dongye army is a million feet enough to throw a whip to break the stream
Sure enough, Lin Biao turned his head and asked Liu Yalou, "What do you think?" ”
Liu Yalou said: "I agree with the opinion of the political commissar, and I personally believe that it is better to fight Jinzhou, and the enemy of Huludao is not enough to influence my determination to attack Jinzhou to change." ”
Liu Yalou said this sentence very well, but also took into account the feelings of all parties:
First, show your attitude: support the political commissar and reassure Luo Ronghuan;
Second, push Lin Biao, I also support playing Jinzhou, we both send you to take a stand now;
Third, give Lin Biao a step down, the current deployment of Jinzhou remains unchanged, our army's determination to fight Jinzhou remains unchanged, as long as you decide to continue to attack Jinzhou, it will not affect the prestige of your 101. This is the saying goes, "See through and don't say broken." ”
Higashino won a great victory and liberated all of Tohoku
In the end, Lin Biao agreed to continue to fight Jinzhou, and after discussion, the three of them rewrote the telegram deployed to attack Jinzhou, and sent the telegram to the Xibaipo Central Military Commission at 9 a.m.
As for the latter matter, everyone knows that on October 15, Dongye liberated Jinzhou, then went west to cast a net to annihilate Liao Yaoxiang's corps, and liberated Shenyang on November 2, and the Liaoshen Campaign ended with a complete victory in Dongye, and more than 470,000 Kuomintang horses were wiped out.
It can be said that Liu Yalou played his due role at a critical moment when history needed him.
In late November, Dongye's division entered the Pingjin Campaign, and Liu Yalou took Tianjin for 29 hours, forcing Fu Zuoyi to decide on a peaceful uprising in Peiping. As for Liu Yalou's later preparation for the establishment of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, saying that Liu Zhen was put in charge of the Korean Peninsula, that is another legendary story.
After all, it was still reluctant to let Liu Yalou leave Lin Biao, so Chairman Mao expressed his intention to let Liu Yalou serve as the commander of the newly formed People's Liberation Army Air Force.
Liu Yalou, commander of the Air Force who was with Chairman Mao
But history has left Liu Yalou with a more glorious and dazzling life.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Epilogue: A famous player who died young</h1>
New China's air force cause started from scratch, Chiang Kai-shek's reconnaissance planes visited the mainland every three to five minutes, the US imperialists were threatening at all times, and the big brother also gave a face from time to time, and Liu Yalou broke his heart in order to build a powerful air force.
In view of the practice of some high-ranking cadres to let their wives serve as the director of the office, Liu Yalou resolutely refused to let his wife serve as the director of the "Liu Office" in his later years.
Irritability hurts the liver, overwork hurts the liver, this is the common sense of the doctor.
On May 7, 1965, Liu Yalou, who only knew work and did not know how to rest, died of liver cancer in Shanghai at the age of 55.
At Liu Yalou's memorial service, the first row was full of important leaders
Although Liu Yalou was only awarded the rank of general, his funeral specifications exceeded the rank of general, and after his death, his ashes were sent directly from the airport to The Zhongshan Hall in Beijing for the people of the capital to remember for three days.
At the memorial service, except for Chairman Mao, who was unable to return from Jinggangshan at that time, almost all the leaders of other major countries were present. After the memorial service, then-President Liu Shaoqi and Lin Biao (Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of National Defense) escorted the ashes to Babaoshan.
There is no one who mourns behind the founding general than Liu Yalou.
However, looking back at Liu Yalou's short life of 55 years: he fought the Luding Bridge, ate foreign bread, served as chief of staff of The Four Fields, commanded hundreds of thousands of troops, became the first commander of the air force of New China, was awarded the title of founding general, and after his death, the president of the country protected the spirit, laughed and cursed in his life, never grieved and sought perfection, and lived a real and free life.
It can be said that his life is worth it!
Liu Yalou inspected the wreckage of a Kuomintang U-2 reconnaissance plane shot down by our army