Illustration of tomato leaf, flower and fruit diseases

The title image is from pixabay, based on the cc0 protocol

Tomatoes are one of the most cultivated vegetables in the solar greenhouse. According to the appearance of tomato plants, judging the health status of tomatoes and adjusting the cultivation measures accordingly can play a multiplier effect with half the effort.

First, look at the leaf phase

1. Twisted leaves. After the greenhouse tomatoes set fruit and grow to the size of walnuts, the leaves closer to the ear are seriously twisted and deformed, showing a fern leaf, and then the fern-shaped leaves gradually expand, and the growth is basically normal. After another ten days, this phenomenon occurs again in the upper blades. This situation occurs repeatedly, which is caused by the use of 2,4-d dipping flowers, and also has a certain relationship with the high temperature in the greenhouse. An effective method is to reduce the concentration of 2,4-d and manage the greenhouse at the right temperature.

This image is from pixabay and is based on the cc0 protocol

2. Physiological curls. Before or during the harvest period of tomatoes, the first fruit branch leaves are slightly rolled, or the leaves of the whole plant become cylindrical and brittle, so that the fruit is directly exposed to the sun, affecting expansion, or causing sunburn. This is a physiological leaf curl, mainly related to soil, irrigation, temperature, nutrition and management, as long as the soil moisture is appropriate, per acre of timely and appropriate amount of alternating or drip irrigation Jiamei dividend 1 bag + Jiamei Hailibao 2-3 kg; Jiamei dividend 1 bag + Jiamei profit to 4-5 kg, greenhouse to avoid sudden release, can be greatly reduced or avoided.

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3. Bleach leaves. The leaves are damaged, at first the chlorophyll fades or the leaf margins are bleached, and later turn yellow. The light leaf margins are burn-like, and the heavy ones affect half of the leaf or the entire leaf, eventually leading to permanent wilting or drying. This symptom is mainly caused by high temperature disturbances, and ventilation, cooling, and shade can alleviate or avoid harm.

4. Lift the cotyledons upwards. The cotyledons are lifted upwards, the back of the leaves is rolled upwards, the frozen parts of the leaf margins are gradually dried up or individual leaves wilt and dry; the leaves are dark green and dull, or the growth point of the top buds is frozen, and the severe stem and leaf dryness and death. This symptom is mainly caused by low temperature disorders, and low temperature exercise for seedlings and strengthening warming and heat preservation in case of cold currents will help the seedlings return to normal.

5. Virus disease leaf. When tomatoes are infected with viral diseases, there are mainly different manifestations such as flower and leaf type, fern leaf type and stripe type in the initial stage of the disease. Sometimes there is only 1 type of tomato virus disease, and sometimes 2-3 species occur at the same time, and most of the greenhouse tomatoes are mostly fern leaf type.

Second, look at the flower phase

1. Skinny flowers. Tomato flower spikes are thin and small, and the flowers are small, and the angle between the flower spikes and the main stem is significantly smaller than that of normal flower spikes. The main reason is that the indoor night temperature is too high after colonization, and the root amount is small. In the case of watering enough colonization water, diligent cultivation of loose soil, reduce the temperature of the greenhouse at night, you can use 1000 times liquid Jiamei dividend to control the root, proper squat seedlings, flowering will be normal. Of course, there is also a relationship between skinny flowers and the differentiation of flower buds at the seedling stage.

2. Fewer flower buds. When the buds appear, there are only 2-3 buds, and after removing the ghost flowers, only 1-2 are left. This condition is mainly due to the small temperature difference in the bud differentiation stage at the seedling stage, the density of seedlings is large, the root system is stunted, and weak seedlings are formed. During the nursery period, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, they should divide the seedlings in time and widen the temperature difference to cultivate the appropriate age and bloom normal buds.

3. Ghost flowers. The first flower on each spike of tomato is large and has many petals, and the result is mostly a deformed fruit, which is often called a "ghost flower". Ghost flowers are the manifestation of the normal growth of tomatoes, and the ghost flowers are generally removed in production.

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Third, look at the fruit phase

1. Deformed fruit. There are many types of tomato deformed fruits, including pointed fruit, hollow fruit, perforated fruit, split fruit, dinum fruit, chrysanthemum fruit, oval fruit and eccentric fruit. The pinnacle fruit is caused by the use of high hormone concentrations or repeated dipping. The differentiation stage of perforated fruit buds encounters low temperature and insufficient light. Using scientific formula fertilization, it is recommended to alternate drip irrigation or flush Jiamei bonus 1 bag + Jiamei brain platinum 1 bag per acre; Jiamei dividend 1 bag + Jiamei Hailibao 2-3 kg, strengthen the early management, strictly grasp the concentration of hormone use, and make the room have a suitable temperature and humidity conditions to reduce the occurrence of deformed fruits.

2. Brown fruit. The brown fruit matures and turns red, but the brown or stained tea brown color is revealed on the red fruit surface, causing the fruit to be stained and the gloss is poor, affecting the appearance of the fruit. It is a physiological disease, mostly occurring under the conditions of partial nitrogen fertilizer and low temperature.

3. Green back fruit. After the green back fruit turns pink or red, there are still green patches or green areas on the shoulders or near the fruit stems, which have not changed red, looking red and green, but the green area flesh becomes hard, the pulp is sour, and the quality decreases. The main reason is partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, lack of potassium fertilizer and boron, and soil dryness is also an inducement.

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4. Tendon rot fruit. There are two kinds of brown deformation and white deformation, and the greenhouse overwintering stubble cultivars have fewer diseases. Tendon rot is a physiological disease, and the degree of damage mainly depends on the variety, light intensity and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil. Greenhouse tomatoes are deficient in potassium, boron, excessive density, small air release, and long-term nest wind is also its cause.

In short, if technical management can try to meet the demand of tomatoes for water, fertilizer, gas, heat, light and soil, it can reduce the impact of various unfavorable factors and make tomatoes grow healthily.

bibliography:

"Sunshine Greenhouse Tomato Health Appearance Judgment" Food Partner Network

How to judge the health of tomatoes by the appearance of tomato plants? And how to manage tomatoes? 》Hundred Houses Agricultural Information Information

"Judgment of the health status of the wintering greenhouse tomato" blog of Agricultural Technology 110