Kwong Lu (1604–1650)
Kuàng dew, romantic temperament, the best expression of its personality is cursive. Its grass method is unrestrained, smooth and natural, slightly close to Zhuzhi Mountain, and up to huang Tingjian, both arbitrary and rigorous, can be released and received, and is deeply rooted in calligraphy. Seal, affiliation, line, grass, and italics are both good at both, can be said to be a generalist, Kwong Lu calligraphy can have high achievements, but also stems from his multi-faceted literary and artistic accomplishment, Kwong Lu Gong poetry can be piano, good at ancient chinese, fine appreciation.
The original name was Ruilu, the word Zhanruo, the number of Haixue, Guangdong Nanhai people. Born in a family of scholars for generations. Zu Pengling was a jinshi who served as a zhi county; his father Sihao, Miaosheng, had a talented name. Kuang Lugong was a famous poet in Guangdong at the end of the Ming Dynasty; he was also proficient in Piao Wen; he was also an accomplished calligrapher who was good at both seal, li, xing, grass, and kai, and his cursive handwriting was beautiful, and the teacher Wang Xizhi was a character of his own. Kwong Lu was also proficient in the art of war, horseback riding, fencing, archery, and was also a connoisseur and collector of ancient cultural relics. He is also an "odd man" with an uninhibited disposition, contempt for money, disdain for the name of the subject, and contempt for traditional etiquette. The King of the Southern Ming Dynasty was a Zhongshu Sheren at the time, the Yongli Emperor sent an envoy to Guangzhou, the Qing army entered Guangdong, Kwong Lu and the generals fought hard, and after more than ten months, the city fell, did not eat, and died holding the qin.
Artistic achievements
Both poems and books are lingnan leaders
Poem: One of the "Top Three Greats of Lingnan"
Kwong Lu, Together with Li Suiqiu and Chen Bangyan, rose to prominence in the poetry circles of the late Ming Dynasty and was known as the "Top Three Greats of Lingnan", of which Kwong Lu was the most outstanding. Qian Daxin quoted Feng Yushan in the "Hutong Qian Epitaph": "Wu Yue poet, after Qu Jiang, when pushing the sea snow", which means that after Zhang Jiuling, there are several Kwong Lu; and in Wen Runeng's "Guangdong Poetry Sea", Kwong Lu is known as "the spirit of my Cantonese" (meaning Qu Yuan). "Chiya" is the first work of Kuang Lu to record the ethnic customs, mountain and river landforms, historical sites, rare birds and animals, and interesting anecdotes in Guangxi's ethnic minority areas when she traveled to Guangxi, and has important reference value for the study of ancient ethnic minorities and mountain and river monuments in Guangxi.
"Yue Ya" is a collection of poems compiled by Kuang Lu herself, with 254 poems. Qu DaDuyun: "Although the resentment of "Xiao Ya" and the loyalty and love of "Leaving sorrow" cannot be repaid. "We can see the value of Kwong Lu's poetry.
Kwong Lu's travelogues were also popular among the population and were widely recited by posterity.
Biography of Kwong Lu Lie
Noh Wen Neng Wu Feng Feng Feng Feng Dare to love and dare to hate romantic uninhibited
Poetry is superior to negative talents
He was born in the thirty-second year of the Ming Dynasty (1604). It is said that when he was born, he had "manna descending on the court locust", hence the name Ruilu. Later changed to the current name, the word Zhanruo. And because his place of study is "Haixuetang", it is also called Kwong Haixue.
His father and grandfather are both famous people and scholars. At the age of five, Kwong Lu showed extraordinary poetic talent, and it is said that he could compose poetry in response. At an early age, he lost his father, his family was in a middle of nowhere, he "because his father and grandfather could write poetry and his karma was not finished, and he was bitter and bitter", and whenever the poetry was flourishing, he "often wasted sleep and food", and even "resisted the trees" when he chanted, or "fell into the pit without feeling it".
When Kuang Lu was fifteen years old, he took the exam in the South China Sea, and the inspector took the title of "Gong Kuan Xin Min Hui", and he answered the paper in the five characters of true, xing, grass, seal, and subordinate, and as a result, he was deposed as "violating the system" and was deposed as "fifth class", but he did nothing, laughed wildly and whisked his sleeve away. Later, he participated in the township examination several times, all of which were "famous for sun mountains". "So he indulged in wine, or spread out wandering in the city, proudly disdainful, because he was quite hated by the people of etiquette."
Outlaw Heavenly End "Chiya" flowing fang
In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), coinciding with the Shangyuan Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Kwong Lu and his friends rode a drunken horse and traveled to the Lantern Night Market, just in time to meet Nanhai County Ling Huang Xi out of the parade, Kwong Lu was drunk and did not shy away, but instead wrote a poem riding a poem to ridicule "riding a donkey to accidentally collide with Huayin Ling, and losing his horse is also plugged with Shangweng." "This caused a great disaster, and was forced by the county order to take refuge in another country."
Since then, Kwong Ludu Guiling, Pandongting, wading jiujiang. East to Huiji, Jinling, north to Jinghua, Youyan, lasted five years. The beautiful famous mountains and rivers have bred his poetic pride and rich social experience, which has deepened his life feelings. Kuang Lu wrote hundreds of poems along the way, the name of the poem spread far and wide Wu, Chu, Yan, Zhao, in Yangzhou, he wrote twelve "Red Parrot", which was recited by the world, so it has the reputation of "Kwong Parrot". It is said that every time they go to a place, they are treated as guests by the locals.
When he wandered around Guangxi, he went deep into the Yao people's "Cen, Lan, Hu, Hou, and Yu" five surnames of Tusi realm, and was also appreciated by the local Yao people's "female general" Yun Qiniang, and became a record room (in charge of documents and the like). During this period, he wrote the book "Chiya", which recorded the ethnic customs, mountains and rivers, historical sites, rare birds and animals, and interesting anecdotes in Guangxi's ethnic minority areas. For example, "In the spring and autumn, the cloth flower and fruit are in the famous mountain, the five-thread thorn concentric knot, the hundred-button mandarin duck sac, the few good people in the selection, the daughter of the companion palace, the name of the Tianji team." Yu Ze 3355, Cai Fang picked up cui in the mountain pepper water Mei, singing for music. Men also go in groups of three or five, singing and going. If you get together, you will sing and compete for the day, and untie your clothes and tie the knot to give away. The record is the "Huanlanghua" (meaning a song of leisure and love) that is widely popular in the Zhuang area of Guixi, which is still used by modern people as an important material for the study of ancient Zhuang folklore; Ding Chunqiu's Huagong Dafa in the Eight Steps of the Heavenly Dragon (in fact, it is the production process of the poison in the Yao area) is derived from Kwong Lu's "Chiya" book: "On the fifth day of May, the poisoners of the insects gathered, juxtaposed, devoured each other, and finally the only survivor was called the clam." ”
During this period, Kuang Lu and the Yao female ToastMaster Yunniang also had a love affair.
Return to the homeland, embrace the martyrdom of the qin
In the twelfth year of Chongzhen, Nanhai County convicted Huang Xi of accepting bribes, and Kwong Lufang, who had been on the run for 5 years, was able to return to his homeland. After returning to Guangdong, he still lived an idle life, making a living by pawning ancient cultural relics.
In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), he served in the History Museum. In March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng fell to Jingshi and the Ming Dynasty collapsed. Subsequently, the Qing army entered the Central Plains, and the Southern Ming regime changed one after another. Kuang Lu embraced the grand plan of restoring the country and went to Nanjing alone to write a letter to offer advice. Who knew that when he arrived in Jiujiang, he heard that Nanjing had been lost, and he was sad and angry.
In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), Guangzhou fell under the iron horse of the Qing army for the first time. Kuang Lu's eldest son, Kuang Hong (字钊孟, Gong Shi, good fencing), personally led more than a thousand rebels in Beishan and fought fiercely with the Qing soldiers, and died in the eastern suburbs of Guangzhou.
The following year (1647), Kwong Lu was summoned to the imperial court and was appointed by the Southern Ming Yongli regime as a "Zhongshu Sheren".
In the seventh year of Qing Shunzhi (1650), Kwong Lu was sent back to Guangzhou, but was besieged by Qing soldiers. He sent his wife and children back to his hometown, returned to the city alone, and held the defenders of the city for ten months. In November of that year, the lord of Ximenwai made Fan Cheng'en an enemy, causing the city of Guangzhou to fall. At this time, Kwong Lu had put life and death aside, restored his celebrity demeanor, wore a scarf, and went out with a violin, suitable for encountering the enemy's horse. The enemy forced himself with a blade, and he laughed wildly, "What is this?" Can you play with each other? The enemy also laughed. Then, he slowly turned back to his residence, Haixue Hall, sat down in the hall, and listed his life collection of cultural relics such as Huai Su's original handwriting and sword, and lined them up around him. Stroking the beloved guqin, singing while playing, putting life and death aside, hunger strike, and finally holding the violin and dying, at the age of forty-seven.
Later generations have the "Song of Holding the Qin" to save it: "The book in the fall of the city is not humiliated, and the west of the qin is weeping to Cangwu.".
Later generations interpreted
A popular figure on the Cantonese opera stage
Kwong Lu's natural and romantic, legendary image of loyalty has been repeatedly put on the theatrical stage by posterity, compared with the poets or heroes of the same era, his distinct personality and image may be the most suitable for entering the play, so it has also become the highest "appearance" rate on the modern Cantonese opera stage.
For example, the Cantonese opera "Heavenly Jade Qilin", written according to the life deeds of Kwong Lu, starred by The Thousand Faced Laughing Craftsman Liao Xiahuai, dressed in a bright suit, wide robes and wide sleeves, wearing a Dongpo Kasa, bamboo sticks and shoes, and the appearance is quite free. Why is the title of the play "Heavenly Jade Qilin"? It is said that it is used as a jade unicorn to describe Kwong Lu's clever and clever tianzhong.
Kwong open-air sex is romantic and uninhibited, and his emotional world should also be infinite, right? When Kwong Lu wandered in Guangxi, the love affair with the local Yao female toastmaster Yun Qiniang was full of romantic colors, and this relationship also became the focus of later interpretations. The large-scale musical and dance Cantonese opera "Princess Qingqing" is based on this. Caizi Kuang Lu and Qingqing know each other and love each other, but the witch doctor who wants to replace the Yao King to rule the Yao clan wants to break up the two to dominate Qingqing, so he provokes the Yao King and uses Kwong Lu's negative feelings as an excuse to plant tricks on him. Qingqing was deceived by it in order to show his true feelings. Just when the Qing soldiers entered the customs and threatened Kwong Lu to surrender, Kwong Lu was caught in a dilemma. Qingqing jiu waited for Kuang Lu not to return, and the witch doctor was forced to marry the temple master, so Qingqing used the trick to deceive the antidote to go to Guangzhou to save Kuang Lu, and the two acted out a romantic and poignant love tragedy in the face of foreign invasion with the true feelings of life and death. "Princess Qingqing" obviously belongs to the "joke" Kwong Lu, adding more romantic elements, such as forced marriage, beautiful women to save heroes and other twists and turns, showing the legend and romance of Kwong Lu's emotional world.
Two poems by Kwong Lu
Diecai Mountain
The sun is high mountain gas crystal, and the moonrise mountain is brighter. County peak silver Han water, hidden view of Jin Yong City. The spirit cave is out of the sky, and the cool breeze is fresh. thin sky tour, flutter ling too clear. Search for chaos, stream view toad crane ming. Yerba Buena has long-term ambitions, and the talents have no close feelings. Who can fall in love with country songs? In one fell swoop, it was super fluffy.
Hu Tianxing invited Yu to be a white concubine
Alone in search of herbs over the king's grandson, for the silver wire out of the dew pot. Tang Xianyuhuan concubine tears, Lou remnants of the Golden Valley Green Pearl Soul. Ling Bo looked at the micro-steps again, and the tooth sword finally repaid the favor. Whoever knew the curse was bitter and could not bear to play against Zhu Men.
Guqin posthumous tone
The "Green Qitai" guqin is still displaced from the human world
Kwong Lu is not only a poet and calligrapher, but also good at guqin, and is a very highly characterized violinist.
In his lifetime, he cherished two famous qins, one was the Song Qin "South Wind" (once a treasure of the inner house of Emperor Zhao Yun of song, now in the Shandong Provincial Museum), and the other was the Tang Qin "Green Qitai", according to Qu Dajun's "Guangdong Xinyu", "Green Qitai" was once owned by Emperor MingWuzong Zhu Houzhao, and later gave the qin to the chancellor Liu Mou, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was returned to Kuang Lu. According to reports, Lu Qitai and Chunlei, Qiubo and Tianbao (ringing) are known as the "four famous qins" in Lingnan and have a very high reputation in the piano industry.
Kwong reveals that You must carry the second piano, and sometimes the poor also temporarily pledge it to the pawnshop, and when they have money, they redeem it, so his poem has the sentence "Four walls have no return to the canonical qin". In the seventh year of Shunzhi, the Qing army attacked Guangzhou, and Kuang Lu hugged the qin and calmly martyred the country.
After Kwong Lu was martyred, the qin was robbed by Qing soldiers and sold in the market, where ye Longwen, a native of Guishan (present-day Huiyang), earned hundreds of gold. Ye Clan one day rafted on Feng lake, invited the scribes at that time to gather together, in the middle of the ye clan hugged out the green Qitai, everyone saw the relics of the first dynasty, they all sighed, on the spot to give poetry, with Qu Dajun's work is the most popular, of which "my friend loyal soul now has a trust, the first dynasty is not heavy" Sentence, is even more word by tear. During the Kangxi Dynasty, the famous poet Wang Shichen (Yuyang) also had the poem "Sea Snow Deformed People Dead Hold the Piano, Zhu Strings Looser Than There Is a Posthumous Sound" to yong Kwong Lu. Later, this piano was preserved by Ye Longwen's descendants for several generations, and in the last year of Daoguang, the Ye family was unable to redeem the piano in a pawnshop due to poverty, and was bought by Zhang Jingxiu, a Dongguan man.
Zhang Jingxiu is a member of the Guancheng Wang clan, a descendant of the famous anti-Qing general Zhang Jiayu, and the owner of Dongguan Keyuan, one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong. After he got the Green Qiqin, he specially built the "Green Qi Lou" in the Ke Garden to treasure it. Later, in the early years of the Republic of China, the Zhang family fell, and the qin was sold in Tongyi Deng Erya for its dilapidation and repair.
Deng Erya was an outstanding calligrapher and seal engraver, and he had a long relationship with the Zhang family in Keyuan and knew the significance of this piano, so although he received a decaying piano, it was regarded as life. In 1944, The "Green Garden" built by Deng Erya in Tai Po, Hong Kong, was blown away by the typhoon, and even a large number of books and cultural relics hidden by Deng were destroyed, but the Green Qitai rescued from the ruins was unharmed, and Deng Erya regarded it as a miracle, and then moved to Kowloon to settle the famous piano, until the death of Tang's death, he still ordered his family to put the piano on the side of the sickbed, touching it until the last breath.
After Deng Erya's death, this piano is still preserved in the hands of his family, and he has wanted to sell it several times due to economic constraints, at first he was willing to build a house in the city, but finally he failed to blow it up because of the lack of harmony in the negotiation price, and in recent years, it has been rumored that the price is four million Hong Kong dollars.