Tiger Creek Three Laughs Diagram
The famous mountains and the mountains and rivers are the ideal way out for the literati and doctors who were frustrated in their careers in ancient times. Therefore, Lushan is a paradise for hermits, and its hermit culture has rhymed through the ages.
Among the hermits of Lushan, the most famous ones are Tao Yuanming, Liu Yimin, and Zhou Xuzhi of the "Three Cains of Xunyang".
Tao Yuanming, the great poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the head of the Three Hiddens, had a close relationship with Lushan, who was a native of Chaisang (Jiujiang City) in Xunyang, which was his hometown. He was young in his ambition to save the world, and the last five entered the Shimen, but they were all because they were "ambitious and not employed", and at the age of forty-one, when Peng Zeling was in office, because he "did not bend his waist to the township children for five buckets of rice", hung up his seal and left, and returned to Lushan.
The "Shangjing" of the Early Ming Dynasty, that is, the Yujing Mountain Deer in Bailu Township, Xingzi County. Here by the mountain lake, you can enjoy the peaks and sagas, guanping lake smoke clouds, good land cultivation, through the convenience of boats, there are children around the knees. "Six years to return", in the embrace of the hometown, no case of labor, no official dumping, "the wind flutters and blows clothes, the boat shakes and sways lightly", and Yuanming, who has returned to Xi, is relaxed and full of happiness. At this time, the Lushan Mountain in his eyes is even more charming, "the cloud has no heart to come out, the bird is tired and flies and knows to return", a school of mingxiu naturally reveals the poet's calm and idyllic state of mind.
Yuanming is a child of nature, and the heart of a pure child faces the beautiful waters of Lushan Mountain, and the poetry is also lush. Thus a peak of Chinese idyllic poetry rises quietly among the landscapes of Lushan Mountain.
Yuanming poetry collects the natural aura of Lushan Mountain, but does not dismember Lushan Mountain, and recites poems for a peak and a waterfall, but takes Lushan Mountain as a whole image, and devotes himself to painting the soul of the landscape. Therefore, more than 130 exquisite poems such as "Return to Xi Ci", "Drinking", "Returning to the Garden and Tianju", "Peach Blossom Origin", "Peach Blossom Source Poem" and so on flowed out of his heart, moisturizing Lushan, Ze was for future generations, showing a different meaning of Lushan, becoming a unique scenery of the Chinese pastoral poetry school, which was admired by future generations.
Yuan Dynasty Yuan good question "a sentence of natural eternity, luxury to see the true alcohol" comment, can be described as a word, if there is knowledge under the fountain, it should be regarded as a confidant.
Yuanming knotted into hiding, but did not clear the high autism. His concealment is a kind of spiritual concealment, which is called the distant self-deviation of the heart. He loves life, feels every detail of life with his heart, and pays attention to the infinite meaning and small fun in the details of life. In addition to farming, reading, drinking, and writing poetry, he and the villagers came and went hand in hand, gossiping and talking. He was a good friend of the sages, especially with chaisang Ling Liu remnants who were dissatisfied with Liu Song's Jin dynasty hiding in the western forest of Lushan, and the Confucian Zhou Xuzhi who hid in Lushan to avoid war. At that time, they were in touch with each other, introduced as confidants, often visited each other, talked about Confucian poetry, poetry and wine, and achieved a good story, which was collectively called "Xunyang Sanyin" by posterity. With the figure of "Xunyang Sanyin" who laughs at the wine, Lushan is warm in the hearts of Chinese literati.
Picturesque Lushan Mountain
In the hearts of the world, about Lushan, there is no more desirable good story than "Xunyang Sanyin" than "Huxi Three Smiles".
This is a good story that has been passed down through the ages. According to legend, Yuanming and the abbot of Donglin Temple, the six ancestors of Zen, Huiyuan, and the Taoist monk Lu Xiujing of the Jian lonely temple under the Jinji Peak of Zhulu, often went to Donglin Temple with Lu Xiujing, and the three of them exchanged mysteries, laughed about the past and the present, and were very happy with each other. Hui Yuan practiced in Lushan Mountain, and for more than thirty years, not only did he not go down the mountain to enter the city, but he never crossed the Tiger Creek in front of the door to send guests. Once, after the three of them got together, Hui Yuan sent them away, laughing and forgetting his feelings all the way, and unconsciously crossed the Tiger Creek, which caused the Houshan tiger to be jealous, and the long roar shook Lin Yue. The three of them were shocked to hear the sound, and they would laugh when they looked at each other. They laughed at the obsession of inadvertently breaking the tiger creek, and also laughed at the simple and natural friendship between them. This laughter poured out countless Hong confucian literati later, comforted the lonely hearts of those who did not see the ancients before and did not see them, and became a lotus flower in their hearts Chinese people. They were willing to paint the branches and leaves for this flower, so Li Bai had "Donglin's send-off place, the moonrise white ape crying; laughing at the lushan mountains, why bother crossing the Tiger Creek." ("The Monk of Bei Donglin Temple") a poem nostalgic, Dongpo has "Three Laughing Tuzan" handed down, the Ming Dynasty Chenghua Emperor Xianzong Zhu Jian deeply painted "A Tuan He Qi Map", this picture at first glance looks like a person, and when you look closely, it is actually a Confucian, a monk, and a three people looking at each other and laughing. All these things make the flower that blooms in the hearts of the world more bright and makes people fall in love with the flowers of the "Tiger Creek Three Smiles".
Unfortunately, the good story of "Three Laughs of Tiger Creek" is only a legend according to historians. At that time, although Huiyuan and Yuanming were in the same Lushan Mountain, yuanming's natural outlook on life was difficult to attach to Huiyuan's reincarnation theory of "becoming physically immersed and falling out of shape", so there was not much interaction, and when Lu Xiujing came to Lushan to promote the Tao, Yuanming and Huiyuan were both deceased. Despite this, I am still fascinated by the kind of cultural acquaintances conveyed by the "Three Laughs of Tiger Creek" and the high friendship of joining hands with Lushan to compose "alpine flowing water", and to the cultural height of Confucianism and Taoism blending together in Lushan.
White Deer Cave Academy
In Lushan, the most emblematic of this cultural tolerance mentality is Donglin Temple, Jian Lonely Temple, and White Deer Cave Academy.
Founded in 386 AD, Donglin Temple is the site of the six ancestors of Zen Buddhism, Huiyuan, who promoted Buddhism. In 381 AD, Hui Yuan came to Lushan and stayed at Xidonglin Temple for more than 30 years. Hui Yuan was a broad-minded Buddhist master who was both good at Confucianism and Taoism, and the Biography of the High Monk called him "the Inner Wisdom of Buddhism, the Outer Good QunShu". In Lushan, he promoted the harmonious coexistence of Confucianism and Taoism in Lushan with the open cultural mentality of "if there is a sect of Gou Hui, then a hundred families are the same", and he is also the holy hand of the article "Good Article, Pure and Elegant Speech", which has been passed down from generation to generation. After Hui Yuan, Lushan Buddhism flourished, and Qian Jue of the Tang Dynasty had a poem as proof: "It is close to sorrow and wind and rain, and Kuang Lu cannot be climbed." Only doubt the cloud and fog cave, there are six dynasty monks. ”
Desolate view of simplicity
Decades later, Lushan welcomed the Taoist master Lu Xiujing. He created the Jian Silent Temple under the Jinji Peak, practiced Taoism, preached, and sorted out the classics, and for a time Taoism flourished, and the Jian Silent Temple became the largest Taoist temple in lushan in the Southern Dynasty. More than a thousand years later, a Qing Dynasty poet named Shangpan came to Lushan Jian Lonely Temple, saw the contemplative people, thoughts fluttered, and wrote a poem: "The sutra is gone, and the ancient view of Danya is heavy." It is necessary to know the face of the ancestors of Lushan Mountain, and caress the six dynasties with affection. ”
Ranked first among the four major academies in China and built in the middle of the Southern Tang Dynasty at the southern foot of Wulao Peak, the Bailudong Academy was built in the early Tang Dynasty as "Lushan Guoxue" and the Guozijian on the banks of the Qinhuai River in Jinling, and scholars rushed to it. Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty gave books such as the Nine Classics to the Academy. In the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi, the master of science, visited the academy, and appointed himself as the master of the cave, formulated canons, and extended the teacher's lectures, opening up a precedent for Chinese lecturing education, and many knowledgeable people with rich knowledge walked out of here. The "White Deer Cave Rules" personally determined by the Master "briefly understood, and thus became the purpose of education for the next seven hundred years." Since then, the White Deer Cave Academy has become famous all over the world and has become an important cultural cradle in China for hundreds of years from the late Song Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.
Donglin Temple, Jian Lonely Temple, White Deer Cave, Hui Yuan, Lu Xiujing, Zhu Xi, one Buddha and one Confucianism, three cultural peaks and a thousand years, representing the cultural character of Lushan Boya compatible.