During the Warring States period, it was a complicated situation, with two dominant lines, one was the aforementioned change of law and the other was the combination of vertical and horizontal today, in the face of the complicated situation, the seven heroes all launched diplomacy
Sometimes the north and south join the vertical to resist the Qin, and sometimes the east and west are connected horizontally to contain the phenomenon of various countries, that is, the combination of vertical and horizontal
In the middle and late period of the Warring States, the state of Wei, the overlord of the early Warring States period, after two fiascos in the Battle of Guiling and the Battle of Maling, had to put down his arrogant posture and began to seek a way to survive in the struggle of various countries
After the reform of king Qi Wei, the state of Qi defeated the once-dominant state of Wei and became an eastern power
At the same time, after the Shang martingale reform, the Qin state was thriving, and it repeatedly defeated the Wei army and became a western power
Although the reform of the Southern Chu State was not thorough, it was also a large country due to its vast territory and large population
Forced by the needs of the form, the major powers have drawn other countries to avoid isolation or attack, so diplomatically and militarily, there have been various activities of vertical and horizontal cooperation
Unity means that the weak people are united to attack the strong, to prevent the strong countries from annexing them one by one, and to unite the strong is to attack the weak one by one, and the strong countries to win over some weak countries to attack other weak countries to achieve the purpose of annexing land
These people who travel between countries are the Zongheng family
The first advocate of lianheng was Zhang Yi
In 329 BC, Zhang Yi, who was from the Wei clan, came to the Qin kingdom, hoping to establish a great achievement
At that time, the State of Chu was attacking the State of Wei, and Zhang Yi took the opportunity to urge the State of Qin to help the State of Wei repel the State of Chu, and in return, the State of Qin obtained the Hexi region from the State of Wei
After that, Zhang Yi led an army to attack the Wei state of Puyang, but then made the King of Qin return to Wei, the King of Wei was immersed in the joy of loss and recovery, Zhang Yi wasted no time in going to the State of Wei, stating the pros and cons, emphasizing that the State of Qin was benevolent to the State of Wei, persuading King Hui of Wei not to treat the State of Qin in this way, forcing the King of Wei to dedicate the fifteen counties of Shangjun and Shaoliang to the State of Qin, and the gate of the State of Qin to the east had been opened, and Qin took a key step on the road to reunification
The Wei general Gongsun Yan was having trouble sleeping, and Gongsun Yan tried to win over other countries, establish a joint connivance, and jointly resist the Qin state
In 318 BC, Wei Chuyan Zhao Han, under the organization of Gongsun Yan, the five kingdoms for the first time jointly attacked Qin, but the actual troops were only the three kingdoms of Zhao, Wei and Han, and finally the joint column was defeated by Qin, and the two countries gradually moved closer to Qin
In 316 BC, Qin annexed Bashu, and Qin's land doubled, at this time the strength of Eastern Qi and Chu was stronger
Qi and Qin were far apart, not interested in hezhong, more keen to attack their own surrounding countries, in 316 BC, the State of Qi took advantage of the civil unrest in the State of Yan and almost destroyed the State of Yan, due to a large number of killings, the Yan people resisted, the Qi army was forced to withdraw, and then allied with Chu, and formed two groups of confrontation with Qin, Wei and Han
In 313 BC, in order to destroy the Qi-Chu alliance, Zhang Yi sent an envoy to the Chu State, pretending that he would offer Shang to six hundred miles of land, in order to deceive Chu Qi into breaking off relations, when the King of Chu Huai found out that he was deceived, he sent a large-scale army to attack Qin, but Chu was defeated because of his poor strength, and was forced to cut the land and seek peace
After that, Zhang Yi persuaded Han Zhao and Wei Lianheng to jointly attack the State of Chu, causing the State of Chu to be attacked on all sides
In 299 BC, Qin pretended to be friendly with Chu, and crossed the Chu Huai King to Wuguan at the junction of Qin and Chu, and the Chu Huai King was detained, and finally died in the Qin State, and the successor Chu Xiang King was faint and incompetent, and from then on, the Chu State was in a slump
After the weakening of the Chu state, Qi Qin formed a situation of confrontation between east and west
In 288 BC, in order to deal with the increasingly prosperous State of Zhao, King Qi Tang and King Qin Zhao simultaneously claimed the title of emperor, and united the Five Kingdoms to attack Zhao, and the lobbyist Su Qin saw through Qin's conspiracy and persuaded King Qi to abandon the imperial title and launch a joint connivance, in 287 BC, the Five Kingdoms jointly attacked the Qin State, and in the face of the menacing Five Kingdoms Alliance, Qin was forced to ask Wei Zhao for peace
The King of Qi was ambitious, and in 286 BC, the State of Qi annexed the State of Song, and then occupied the state of Huaibei and attacked Han Zhao Wei
In 284 BC, king Zhao of Yan, seeing that the time was ripe, united the countries to fight Qi in a big way, and after defeating the main force of Qi, the Yan army alone captured more than 70 cities in the state of Qi, and later although Tian Dan regained the lost land, the state of Qi had been completely weakened
Chu Qi weakened, and only Zhao Guo was still strong
After the death of King Wuling of Zhao, the State of Zhao successively appointed Zhao Hao, Lian Po, and Lin Xiang as good generals, defeated the Qin army several times, and became the last line of defense for the Qin state to expand eastward
In 278 BC, the Qin general Bai Qi attacked the Chu capital Yingcheng, opening the prelude to Qin's destruction of the Six Kingdoms
In 262 BC, Qin attacked the Wild King of Korea, cutting off the connection between Shangdang County and Han mainland, and King Huanhui of Han was overwhelmed and had to offer Dang County to make peace with Qin
Shangdang Commandery Shou Feng Ting was reluctant to surrender to the State of Qin, and offered Shangdang to the State of Zhao, and the Warring States faction lianpo annexed and merged with Changping
The Qin general Zhang Gong seized Shangdang and confronted the Zhao army in Changping
The Qin army was far away from the country and tried to make a quick decision, but Lian Po lost the initial battle, so it adopted the tactic of waiting for work, holding the city fortress and not confronting Qin head-on
The two armies held each other in Changping for three years, the Qin army could not withstand the attrition, Qin took advantage of the divisive strategy, the King of Zhao appointed Zhao Kuo to replace Lian Po, and the Qin state secretly replaced Bai Qi
The young Zhao Kuo, as soon as he arrived in Changping, changed his strategy, led his army to a decisive battle with Qin, and used a ploy to lure the Zhao army to the front of the Qin army and was surrounded on all sides
After 46 days, Zhao Kuo was shot dead in battle, and after more than 400,000 Zhao troops surrendered, they were eventually buried alive, and only more than 240 young troops were released
The Battle of Changping was the largest battle of the Warring States period
After the Battle of Changping, the pace of Qin unification could no longer be stopped
The Shang martingale transformation method made the Qin state gradually stronger
Combining vertical and horizontal, Qin gradually encroached on the land of various countries
In the end, Qin Shi Huang Fen VI Yu Lie unified the whole country