In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), the sixty-two-year-old Su Shi received an order in Huizhou that "Qiongzhou don't drive, Changhua army resettlement", which means that Su Shi was degraded from Huizhou to Qiongzhou again. Judging from the relationship between the events before and after, this time it was degraded, which is a continuation of the "Wutai Poetry Case". In the "Wutai Poetry Case", Su Shi was tainted by "slandering the government" and imprisoned in Yushitai, where he was tortured. Under the rescue of Empress Cao and Su Shi's friends, yu was finally demoted to the position of Huangzhou regimental envoy in the third year of Yuanfeng (1080). In June of the first year of Shao Sheng's reign (1093), he posthumously degraded Huizhou, and in the fourth year, he degraded Qiongzhou again (from Kong Fanli's "Su Shi Annals"). From imprisonment to being degraded, from one to three, this has to be said to be in a regrettable "life downhill road", but as an individual life, what kind of state of mind does Su Shi have in this "life downhill road"?
In June of the first year of Shao Sheng's reign, Su Shi, who was in Huangzhou, was given the title of "Deputy Envoy of the Ningyuan Army and Resettlement in Huizhou", and on October 2 of the same year, after a long journey, he arrived in Huizhou. Thus began Su Shi's life outside the mountains. It should be said that the warm environment of Lingnan comforted the panicked Su Shi. On the way to Huizhou, Su Shi passed through the Panic Beach in Jiangxi, leaving behind a poem that "Shan Yi likes Laoyuan's dreams, and the place name is terrified and weeping", which shows his state of panic and uncertainty. Soon after arriving in Huizhou, in the inscription written for Xiao Zhai - "Si Wu Innocent Zhai", Su Shi wrote: "The great affliction has a body, and without a body, there is no disease." The mirror is not my mirror. If you wash the water with water, the two waters are the same. In the vast world and the earth, I am the only one who is right. Then it can be seen that Su Shi used the method of birth to dispel his worries and relieve his difficult state of mind. This can also be seen in his son Su's poem "Adult's Birthday (Part III)". Shi Yun: From now on, Xuan Fei is really a, and it is difficult to be born in the world. (According to the "Annals of Su Shi") it is precisely by Su Shi's birth method narration.
Su Shi's life in Huizhou is relatively comfortable. According to the "Annals of Su Shi", Su Shi just arrived in Huizhou, that is, newly brewed cinnamon wine, and soon Huizhou Zhou Shou gave Su Shi rice. (In the thirty-eighth volume of the Collected Poems of Su Shi, "Hui shou Zhan Junjian and Fu Ci Rhymes", it is said that "if you want Gongjin to have a piece of rice, try the five stone bottles of Zhuang Sheng.") That's it. See Su Shi Annals, vol. XXXIII. At the same time, the friends' books are constantly being written. All this relieved Su Shi and enabled him to temporarily escape from his degraded state of hardship, still a high-ranking man who was an alcoholic and angry.
In March of the second year of Shaosheng (1095), under the hospitality of friends, Su Shi toured the landscape of Huizhou. The beautiful landscape of Huizhou and the simple customs of Huizhou made Su Shi's poems flourish and wrote the group poem "And Tao Gui Garden And Rural Residence". In the small quotation of this group of poems, Su Shi wrote: "In the beginning, Yu Zaiguangling and Yuanming's "Twenty Songs of Drinking", and now for this reason, it is necessary to exhaust his poems. (Su Shi's Collected Poems, vol. 39) From then on, Su Shi's happy and joyful state of mind at that time can be deduced, and the "dark clouds" of life have disappeared here.
However, such a good time is not long. Just when Su Shi was feeling happy from living in Huizhou, the notice mentioned at the beginning of this article reached Su Shi's hands. From Huizhou to Qiongzhou, what remains unchanged is the punishment of using demeaning as a means of punishment, but the living environment that determines life or death has changed. Although Huizhou is in the ancient books called the "land of miasma", but Huizhou after all has luscious lychees, delicious Lu oranges, after all, there are a group of warm reception, comfort his friends, Su Shi can also send out "Fenghu has vines, seems to be rival to the soup" sigh (Kong Fanli", "Su Shi Annals" volume 35 quoted here, saying "Huizhou can be compared with Meizhou beauty", which shows that Su Shi is in Huizhi). But for Qiongzhou, an isolated island in the vast overseas, Su Shi once again felt desperate.
Su Shi eats lychee statues
In the descriptions of later generations, Su Shi has always been an open-minded image, one sentence "When using the house, the line is hidden in me" ("Qinyuan Chun , Go to Mizhou Early Departure immediately to send a son"), a sentence "Life is like a reverse journey, I am also a pedestrian" ("Linjiang Immortal"), a sentence "Return, there is no wind and rain and no sunshine" ("Dingfeng Wave"), all of which are often quoted as praises for Su Shi in later biographies. However, the Su Shi who lurked under the poem showed his true hasty attitude in the face of such a major life turn.
According to the "Ai Ri Zhai Cong Scribe", shortly after Su Shi received the order to re-qiongzhou, he said to Su Guo, "I am very fond of the Song Mash Endowment, I am holding the candle, I am Ru Shu this, if a word is wrong, I will die at sea, otherwise, I will survive." Su Guo's bitter advice, Su Shi "did not listen, stretched out the paper, dropped the pen, the final chapter is not fallacious, father and son are compatible with each other." (According to the Annals of Su Shi, vol. 36) In this story, Su Shi is relieved after all, but when you taste carefully, this relief is not as real as the hasty emperor who used to divinate the future in the book "Song Mash Endowment".
While passing through Guangzhou, Su Shi wrote a letter to Shi Taijun, which said, "A certain Who is in the South China Sea, and Guangzhou is in a bad state." The so-called "wolf" here is to describe the reality of who is on the way, and also to describe his mentality of going to Qiongzhou. However, on his way to Fujian Prefecture, Su Shi met his younger brother Su Rui, who was on his way to Leizhou. During this journey, the two brothers, whom they had not seen for a long time, were finally able to talk face to face. In Su Rui's "Ciyun Zizhan and Tao Gong ZhiJiu", it is said that "whoever speaks in the mist has met and rejoiced." Even the bed smelled, and it happened again and again throughout the night. (See Luancheng Houji, vol. 2) It can be seen that the brothers were close at that time. It should be said that this was Su Shi's only consolation on the way to Qiongzhou.
Portraits of the Brothers Su Shi and Su Rui
On July 2 of the fourth year of Shaosheng, after a long journey, Su Shi finally arrived at the Changhua Army in Qiongzhou. This dangerous journey of life and death repeatedly tested Su Shi's body and mind. He said in the "Thank You Table to the Changhua Army" written by the Changhua Army: "The subjects are lonely and old, and the miasma is attacked. The children and grandchildren wept by the river, and they had already bid farewell to death; the charm of the people who greeted them overseas would rather survive. "It can be seen that he does not have the hope of survival." In this regard, the despair and sorrow soothed by the beautiful life of Huizhou are awakened one by one with the scenery of Qiongzhou that comes into view.
The difficulties are not only the sorrows of the old years, in the Changhua Army, the first problem facing Su Shi is the problem of residence, according to the "Su Shi Anthology" volume 19 "桄榔庵 Ming" record, Su Shi just arrived in Hainan, there is no land to live, had to live under a forest of oak nuts. The second is the lack of living materials, according to the "Reply to Cheng Dashi" article contained in the "Su Shi Anthology", Su Shi in the Changhua Army is "no meat, no medicine, no room, no friends, no charcoal in winter, no cold spring in summer", and the embarrassing state of life undoubtedly aggravated Su Shi's inner burden.
In the mid-autumn festival of Shaosheng's fourth year, Su Shi wrote the famous "Xijiang Yue": "The world is a big dream, and life is cold in autumn several times." At night, the wind leaves have sounded in the gallery. Look at the sideburns of the brow. Liquor is often worried about the few customers, and the moon is more hindered by clouds. Mid-Autumn Festival who with the common lone light. Look north. In this poem, all kinds of negative emotions since the "Wutai Poetry Case" have been vented in general, and grief, sorrow, haste, and despair have been transmitted together, and the conclusion of the sentence "Looking at the north of the cup of sorrow" is really sad.
However, it seems that it should be said that the venting of this negative emotion is beneficial, and the flavor of the subsequent poems and Tao poems that he has composed is as the phrase "alone and alone, honor and disgrace are not easy to close", which is quite indifferent. In the Changhua Army, Su Shi had close contacts with the local people and was also loved by the local people. On the occasion of leaving Hainan, he wrote a poem "I am a native of Hainan, parasitizing The Western Shu Prefecture" to express his deep feelings for Hainan.
The Qiongzhou Changhua Army witnessed the last legendary years of Su Shi's life. The so-called "Nine Dead Southern Wilds I don't hate, Zi Youqi is the best in life", Su Shi's poems here (his "Overseas Collection" part) are also tainted with a peculiar atmosphere. For example, in the poem "Beihai Nan Li Min Table", it is said that "there is no advantage or disadvantage in the dream of life and death in ordinary life", and inserts "dreams" between life and death; for example, in the poem "Hetao "There is a soldier in the East", it is said that "there will also be a miasma in the mountains, and a wash of the moon que cold", the so-called use of the miasma of Lingnan to clean the cold of the moon, all of which are strange pens, and there is a sense of "unless the son cannot say this".
Looking at the before and after Su Shi's journey from Huizhou to Qiongzhou Changhua Army, the complexity of his mental journey is rare among poets in previous generations. And the process of turning from hardship to panic, from panic to relief, from relief to joy, from joy to despair, from despair to indifference, and finally from indifference to the joy of all the signs of life, is also the process of his poetry casting his life style. It can be said that the poems before and after Su Shi's self-benefit to Qiong are also a "poetic history" - a personal "spiritual history" of Su Shi.
The Annals of Su Shi (Part 1, 2)
Written by Kong Fanli
Traditional Vertical
32 open paperback
978-7-101-01473-0
RMB159.00
"Su Shi Chronology" is the representative work of Mr. Kong Fanli, an expert in Su Shi research. It was compiled by Mr. Kong in the process of sorting out the "Su Shi Poems Collection", "Su Shi Anthology", "Su Shi Anthology" and other books. The book is divided into 40 volumes, nearly one million words, in the form of chronicles of Su Shi's life deeds, exchanges, creations, etc. have been examined in detail, enjoying the academic praise of "informative information, proper year", is a classic work that Su Shi's research and even song Dynasty literature research cannot avoid. Since its publication in February 1998, the book has attracted the attention of readers and has been nominated for the fourth National Book Award.
(Co-ordinator: Lu Quan; Editor: Jin Shan)