Huang Guiqiu is a Peking Opera performance artist and the founder of the Danjiao HuangPai. Born in 1906, died in 1978, the name Dequan, the character Yinqing, self-proclaimed Guiyin Xuan lord, Hubei Jiangxia people. "Huang Guiqiu" is the name of his sister, borrowed as a stage name.
After graduating from high school in 1924, Huang Guiqiu worked as an operator at the Beijing Telephone Bureau, and because he loved Peking Opera since childhood, he participated in performances as a ticket holder.
In 1926, he officially worshiped Chen Delin as his teacher, and in 1927, he took Ma Lianliang Chunfu Society and officially went to the sea, and successively performed on the same stage with Yu Shuyan, Ma Lianliang, Gao Qingkui, Yang Xiaolou, Yan Jupeng and so on.
In 1942, Huang Guiqiu and Zhou Xinfang performed jointly for 54 days at the Shanghai Golden Grand Theatre, and Zhou Xinfang greatly appreciated Huang Guiqiu's singing level, saying: "Your singing is unique, you can really become a school of its own", and sure enough, soon "Spring and Autumn Matching" was recognized as the first masterpiece of Huang Pai. Later, the two cooperated four times.
After 1945, he performed in the Shanghai Empress Grand Theatre for a long time, often performing plays such as "Spring and Autumn Match" and "Beigong Sacrifice River", which was well received by the audience, especially the one to eight copies of "Yanmen Guan", starring in the role of a princess, for several months, and could not stop, and won the honorary title of "Jiangnan First Dan" and Chief Qingyi.
In 1949, he organized the Qiusheng Peking Opera Troupe and served as its leader. In 1954, he participated in the East China Opera Observation and Performance Conference and won the first prize for actors with the play "Beigong Sacrifice River".
In 1958, he joined the Xinmin Peking Opera Troupe and was later merged into the Shanghai Peking Opera House. In the near future, he also performed dramas such as "Jinshui Bridge" and all "Spring and Autumn Matching".
Since 1963, he has been teaching at the Peking Opera Academy in Shanghai.
On September 11, 1978, Huang Guiqiu, a famous man of the first generation, died of illness at the age of 73.
First, Huang Guiqiu's dispute over place of origin
On the issue of Huang Guiqiu's place of origin, there are two theories, one is that he is from Jiangxia, Hubei Province, and the other is more extensive, saying that his ancestral home is Anqing, Anhui, and that he was "born in Beijing". Huang Guiqiu's eldest son, Huang Zhengqin (a famous Student of Shanghai Peking Opera), also mentions his "ancestral home in Anqing, Anhui" in the Descendants of Huangmen. However, Huang Guiqiu's second son, Huang Ke, wrote in the October 2006 issue of Biographical Literature that "there were many commemorative books and periodicals about Peking Opera in my childhood, that is, the kind of large thick booklet printed on yellow paper with a large number of blue stills and group photos. On both sides of the door frame of the courtyard of "Chongwaihe Pochang No. 137" built by Huang Ke's grandfather, there are scarlet wooden planks that are more than one foot long and four inches wide, with "Jiangxia County" engraved on the top and "Huang Yu" in bold characters on the bottom.
According to Huang Guiqiu's daughter Huang Huiyun, at that time, the copper washbasin outside the family was also depicted with the mark of "Jiangxia County".
Mr. Huang Ke therefore said: "Does this not clearly indicate that my family is a Jiangxia person?" He said that Jiangxia County is a local division that has followed since the Han Dynasty, and no matter how it changes, it will not leave the Wuchang area of Hubei Province, and there is no boundary with Anqing in Anhui.
Another fact is that Huang Guiqiu's Chen Delin, who inherited shandong nationality, on the basis of inheriting Chen Delin, placed special emphasis on Huguang rhyme, that is, with the rhyme of Hubei dialect, and Huguang rhyme came from Han opera (also known as Han tone). In this regard, it is the same as Tan Xinpei, the originator of Peking Opera. In the history of Chinese Peking Opera, almost all Peking Opera artists who are from Hubei or have had a relationship with Wuhan have adhered to Huguangyun, which is also due to the deep-rooted influence of Han opera on Peking Opera. The sound cavity, plate style, repertoire, and rhyme of the Han tune are the main connotations of the later formation of Peking Opera, because the Peking Opera circles have recognized that Han Opera is the "Milk Lady" of Peking Opera and some other local dramas, and the Huguang Rhyme used in Han Opera is widely used in Peking Opera and some local dramas, adding endless charm to these drama varieties. At the opening ceremony of the Wuhan Eight Arts Festival in 2007, Shang Changrong once quoted the words in the opera performance "Hundred Operas Singing and Harmony": "Pi Huang ensemble opened a precedent, Han tune Chu sheng renovated songs, Beijing flavor chanted out the lake Guangyun, and suddenly looked back more affinity." ”
Huang Guiqiu was "born in Beijing", and on the surface, it seems that he has no connection with Jiangxia, but his adherence to Huguangyun, I think, is probably influenced by the prevalence of Huguangyun in the Peking Opera rhyme and the language of his father and grandfather. Moreover, being born in Beijing does not indicate its ancestral origin, just like the descendants of the Tan school. There were many Hubei people among the artists who entered Beijing in the Huiban at that time, and later Peking Opera also adopted the pihuang cavity rhyme white in the Han tone. On the basis of preserving the huguang rhyme, Huang Guiqiu incorporated the Shanghainese "嗲", making the Yellow School a genre that is difficult to hear and difficult to learn.
In terms of surnames, the Huang surname in the world is out of Jiangxia, and Jiangxia is the birthplace of the Huang surname. In today's Jiangxia, the surname Huang is still a large surname, and Huang Guiqiu is undoubtedly a descendant of Jiangxia Huang. It is worth mentioning that Huang Guiqiu is in existence
At present, it is impossible to obtain written information about Huang Guiqiu's father, and the details of the relationship with Jiangxia are not possible.
2. Huang Guiqiu's family
When Huang Guiqiu was 15 years old, he married his wife of the same age, and after marriage, he had three sons and three daughters: the eldest daughter Huang Huiyun, the second son Huang Zhengqin, the third son Huang Kejian, the fourth daughter Huang Alian, the fifth son Huang Ke, and the sixth daughter Huang Zhiqi. Among them, the fourth daughter Huang Alian, the sixth daughter Huang Zhiqi died at the age of eight or nine, and the third son Huang Kejian died at the Baosteel construction site in Shanghai in 1981.
Mrs. Huang suffered from cerebral thrombosis in 1963 (the year Huang Guiqiu retired) and died in the winter of 1969 at the age of 64.