Liu Xuan of the Late Han Dynasty Qunxiong Series (Part 2)
Cooking wine on heroes, but also about the characters of the Three Kingdoms.
After Liu Xuan set up a government office in Qu'a and expelled Wu Jing and Sun Ben, he confronted Yuan Shu across the Yangtze River, and the two sides fought for more than a year but could not hold each other. Finally, there was a person who broke the deadlock, and he was Sun Ce.
In the winter of the second year of Xingping (195), when Li Dai and Guo Feng led the Liangzhou soldiers to break Yang Feng and others and chase Emperor Xian of Han into the wilderness and flee, Yuan Shu had already made no secret of his ambition to claim the title of emperor. Yuan Shu summoned his subordinates to a meeting and publicly expressed his intention to claim the emperor, although he temporarily gave up because his subordinates had no support, but Yuan Shu's intentions were known to the whole world.
Among the princes at the end of the Han Dynasty, although everyone did not listen to the orders of the imperial court, the Son of Heaven must be honored. After all, the imperial court was successively controlled by Dong Zhuo, Li Dai, Cao Cao and others, and others could use the excuse that the emperor was being held hostage and not listen to the words of the imperial court, but the slogans of the KuangFu Han Room must be shouted loudly. This was the political correctness of the time, and powerful people such as Dong Zhuo and Yuan Shao also had to exercise their authority by respecting the Han Dynasty. The gun shot out the head bird, who dared not even admit it to the Han Room, then gave the other princes an excuse to send troops, and became the target of everyone. Therefore, later Yuan Shu fought with Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Lü Bu, and Sun Ce, and his relationship with Liu Biao was not very good, which is why.
The topic of Yuan Shu first stopped here, back to Liu Xuan. We know that Yuan Shu in history once had a powerful period, so he had the idea of being emperor. Since his base camp was in Shouchun, he naturally hoped to take down the whole territory of Yangzhou first, grasp the land of the whole state, and have a stable rear waist pole before it was hard. Halfway out of the way to kill a Liu Sui, it was forced to rely on the Yangtze River natural danger stalemate for more than a year.
During this period, Liu Sui became the biggest obstacle to Yuan Shu's expansion, from single-handedly entering Yangzhou to dividing Jiangdong to block Yuan Shu's southward movement, Liu Sui, who had tens of thousands of troops, quickly became an emerging force to be reckoned with. Because of Yuan Shu's blatant non-submission, the imperial court naturally wanted to give commendations to Liu Shu for his meritorious service, so he promoted Liu Shu to Yangzhou Mu and added Zhenwu to general.
Earlier, Sun Ce captured Lujiang for Yuan Shu, but Yuan Shu reneged on his promise not to appoint Sun Ce as the Taishou of Lujiang, and later Yuan Shu lost popularity by plotting to become emperor, and Sun Jian's old general Zhu Zhi, the governor of Wu County, also advised Sun Ce to plot to take Jiangdong, plus The Sun family clan Wu Jing and Sun Ben were at war with Liu Shu, and various factors contributed to Sun Ce's determination to break away from Yuan Shu.
Yuan Shu knew that Sun Ce was dissatisfied with himself, but on the one hand, sun Jian's grace was there, and he felt that Sun Ce would not betray him; on the other hand, Yuan Shu felt that Liu Xuan and Wang Lang were not simple, and sun Ce was difficult to take advantage of, so he let Sun Ce attack Jiangdong.
Pei Songzhi's note quotes from the "Biography of Jiang Biao" that the art knows its hatred, and liu sui according to Qu'a, Wang Lang is in the huiji, and the strategy may not be determined, so Xu Zhi.
Sun Ce took Niuzhu Camp as a breakthrough point, which was located in present-day Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, which was an important port at that time. Sun Ce quickly broke through Liu Sui's defensive line, captured a large amount of grain and war equipment, repelled Zhang Ying and Fan Neng, and marched eastward to recruit Liu Sui's allies Peng Chengxiang Xue Li and Xia Pi Xiangrong.
Some people may wonder: No, Peng Cheng and Xia Pi are not in Xuzhou, how did these two people ally with Liu Sui? And garrison troops on Liu Xuan's territory?
Let's start with Xue Li. In 193, Cao Cao launched a large-scale attack on Xuzhou, and Tao Qian suffered consecutive defeats, and internal instability increased. In this context, Tao Qian and Xue Li had a conflict, and Xue Li fled to Jiangdong with his troops in order to save his life, stationed at Moling, located in present-day Nanjing.
Let's talk about Rong. This person was also a great stranger in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, as a famous Buddhist, Jing Rong used the financial resources of the three counties in Xuzhou to preach, cast Buddha statues, build temples, often hold large-scale festivals, and provide free food for the people along the way to absorb believers. However, although this person believed in Buddhism, he had no faith to speak of, and he was murderous. Seeing that Tao Qian was defeated by Cao Cao, instead of sending troops to rescue him, He fled south with tens of thousands of soldiers, believers, and 3,000 horses. On the way to Guangling, Zhao Yu was treated with courtesy, but he was killed by Jing Rong at the banquet, and After a large number of robberies by the soldiers, he continued to go south and defect to Liu Xuan.
These two Old Tao Qian departments were obviously far from Being Sun Ce's opponents. Sun Ce first fought with Jing Rong, beheaded more than 500 people, and beat Jing Rong tightly closed the city gate and did not dare to fight. Sun Ce did not die, but quickly crossed the river to attack Xue Li and captured Moling. Liu Xuan was not simple either, and quickly sent Fan Neng and Yu Lu to send troops to take Niuzhu back. Unfortunately, Sun Ce's ability was indeed far stronger than Liu Xuan's subordinates, and soon Sun Ce turned back to attack Niuzhu again, not only winning a complete victory, but also capturing tens of thousands of people.
Pei Songzhi's note quotes the "Biography of Jiang Biao" as follows: Straddling the river to attack the Niuzhu camp, and doing everything possible to get the grain grain and war tools of the Pavilion... Attack and melt first, melt out the troops to fight, behead more than five hundred ranks... Because of the crossing of the river to attack the ceremony, the ceremony suddenly left, and Fan Neng, Yu Elk and other compound people attacked and seized Niuzhutun. It is also heard that it can be broken, and more than 10,000 men and women have been obtained.
As the fulcrum connecting Sun Ce with the rear of Jiangbei, Niuzhu's repeated battles reflected the fierceness of the battle. It cannot be said that Liu Xuan's ability is insufficient, and he can only blame his subordinates for not being at the same level as Sun Ce.
Later, Sun Ce attacked Jingrong again, and although there were many victories in several confrontations, he never broke through the city of Jingrong, and we will leave it until Sun Ce to talk about it.
Sun Ce's attack on Jiangdong, in addition to fighting fiercely, also paid great attention to the speed of soldiers. It was difficult to break through for a while, and Sun Ce immediately transferred his troops to attack Hailing, and then turned to attack Hu and Jiangcheng, where they were located.
Couldn't the generals on Liu Xuan's side be able to stop Sun Ce? Not quite. The above mentioned persistence of Jing Rong successfully forced Sun Ce to retreat, and there is still a drama behind this person, not to mention the table. When Sun Ce's troops approached Qu'a, Liu Sui's fellow villager, Donglai Taishi Ci, came to defect. The name of Tai Shi Ci must be very familiar to everyone, and such a famous righteous soldier with wisdom and courage and chivalry and pride to vote is really a gift from heaven to Liu Xuan.
Not only do we know that Tai Shi Ci is very powerful today, but he was very famous at that time. In order to help the county guard, he tore up the documents sent to the imperial court in the prefecture, helped the famous soldier Liu Zheng to avoid Gongsun Du when avoiding disasters in Liaodong, and returned to Qingzhou to help Kong Rong fight off the Yellow Turban Army. Therefore, later when Liu Xuan fled to Yuzhang, TaiShi Ci was able to claim to be the Taishou of Danyang, and he could get the support of the six counties of Danyang and even the support of the Shanyue people.
Such a powerful Tai Shi Ci, of course, many people suggested to Liu Sui that he be entrusted with heavy responsibilities, both talents and fellow villagers, and entrusting the generals with a general was obvious. But Liu Xuan didn't.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of Taishi Ci, says: "Or persuade Shu Ci to be a great general, "If I use Ziyi, Xu Zi will not laugh at me for my evilness?" "But let ci investigate the weight."
Xu Zijian was the famous human critic Xu Shao, who was also Liu Xuan's most important aide. Many people in later generations were indignant and indignant about the contempt that Tai Shi Ci received at Liu Sui's place, and thus thought that Liu Xi was dazed and narrow-minded.
In fact, the deep reasons behind this are often overlooked, why?
On the one hand, in the late Han Dynasty, people's item reviews were popular, of which Xu Shao's "Yuedan Review" was the most influential, and his evaluation often played a key role in the fate of political newcomers. The most famous comment of "the capable minister who governs the world, the adulterous male of the chaotic world" for thousands of years comes from Xu Shao. Not only did Cao Cao ask to see Xu Shao's side, yuan shao passed through Xu Shao's hometown of Runan when he was young, and he also deliberately sent all the doormen around him away, passing only by a carriage, in order not to let Xu Shao have a bad impression of himself.
Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, who were so respected, refused to be summoned by Yang Biao, the emperor's sikong, and fled from Guangling under Tao Qian to Qu'a, how could Liu Xuan not value the famous celebrities in the world?
On the other hand, Liu Sui was born into a famous family, his uncle and brother were all high-ranking officials, and as a "good student" deeply influenced by traditional systems and norms, Liu Sui naturally preferred celebrities. People from cold backgrounds are less valued, and the vast majority of people will take it for granted; on the contrary, meritocracy is a stopgap measure for abnormal and special periods, which is a common disease of feudal society. As the most important staff member, Xu Shao's opinion was very important to Liu Xuan.
In Liu Xuan's concept, it was better not to reuse Tai Shi Ci than to offend Xu Shao. As for why Xu Shao did not look up to Shi Ci, the historical data did not give a specific reason. It doesn't matter, we just need to know that because of Xu Shao's influence, Liu Xuan missed out on his last hope of defeating Sun Ce.
Later, we all knew that although Tai Shi Ci only served as the leader of the reconnaissance team, he was still conscientious, and even rushed to play with Sun Ce with sun ce when there was only one "Qu A Young General" around him, and there were more than a dozen people on the other side.
As Sun Ce invaded Qu'a, Liu Sui retreated to Dantu. Although it was repeatedly defeated, Yangzhou had a large area and a lot of room for maneuver, so Liu Xuan began to calculate where to retreat next. At present, there are still Huiji County in the southeast and Yuzhang County in the southwest, and Liu Xuan asked Xu Shao's opinion at this time.
Yuan Hong's "Later Han Dynasty" says: Liu Sui will run to the audit, Xu Zi will know: "Will be rich and practical, the strategy is greedy, and the poor are in the corner of the sea, and can not go to it." Not as good as Yuzhang, north of Yu territory, west of Jingzhou... Under the order of the king, Meng De and Jing Sheng will provide relief to each other. "Obey it.
According to this record, Liu Xuan originally planned to flee to Huiji Wang Lang, but Xu Shao believed that Huiji was a dead end and could not go, and Yuzhang bordered Yuzhou and Jingzhou, and could get help from Cao Cao and Liu Biao. Liu Xuan followed the advice and retreated to Yuzhang.
I have to say that The matter of Tai Shi Ci Xu Shao made people indignant, but the analysis of retreating to Yu Zhang was still very in place. There is no way to retreat from the guard, and it will also sever ties with other forces, and in Yuzhang, there is still the possibility of uniting with other princes.
Xu Shao
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yangzhou was a very large area, from the Jianghuai River Basin to Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi, all of which were under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou. After Liu Xuan retreated to Yuzhang, Sun Ce was busy appeasing the local government and establishing his own forces, and did not have enough strength to expedition to Yuzhang in the short term.
It should be noted that Sun Ce's nominal banner of conquest of Jiangdong was still Yuan Shu, and before Liu Sui entered Qu'a, Yuan Shu regarded Yangzhou as his own backyard, so he appointed many of his own people to serve as the taishou of Yangzhou counties, such as Wu Jing and Sun Ben mentioned earlier. Yuzhang Taishou Zhoushu died, so Yuan Shu appointed a Yuzhang Taishou to take over, and he was Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan. During this period, Zhuge Jin and Zhuge Liang separated and went to Jiangdong alone.
The imperial court also sent Zhu Hao, the son of Zhu Juan, as the Taishou of Yuzhang, and a conflict broke out between the two sides. As one of the few princes who still cared about the Great Han, Liu Xuan naturally wanted to support Zhu Hao, so the battle between Zhu Hao and Zhuge Xuan was equivalent to the proxy war between Liu Hao and Yuan Shu. After all, Yuzhang was located south of the Yangtze River, and Yuan Shu's whip was beyond reach, so Zhuge Xuan eventually fled to Jingzhou after defeat, and Zhuge Liang also followed his uncle to Jingzhou to settle down.
The above dispute between Zhuge Xuan and Zhu Hao is from the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms And Zhuge Liang Biography", in fact, in Liu Xuan's biography, there is another version of the battle for Yu Zhang.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Liu Sui" in: Suiyu Jiangnan BaoyuZhang, stationed in Pengze. He arrived first, killed Taishou Zhu Hao, and entered the county.
Pei Songzhi's note quotes the "Spring and Autumn of the Emperor Xian" as saying: Yes, Peng Ze of Xuan Tun, and made Rong Zhihao use Liu Biao to be used by Zhuge Xuan... Melted to, the fruit tricked Hao, acting as a consul.
The above two historical records show that although Liu Xuan was defeated by Sun Ce, he still retained a considerable number of troops, and in order to ensure that Yuzhang was used as the base for the comeback, Liu Sui sent Zhu Rong to help Zhu Hao attack Zhuge Xuan.
From these two historical materials, many things can be interpreted.
First, as a Yangzhou assassin appointed by the imperial court, Liu Xuan developed very rapidly in a short period of time. In the face of Sun Ce's step-by-step advance, although he was defeated in successive battles, Liu Sui was still able to have a wealthy army to support Yuzhang, indicating that he was far from the point of exhaustion. If it weren't for Sun Ce's ability to fight, Liu Xuan would at least have no problem dealing with Yuan Shu. Liu Sui still retained a large number of troops when he retreated, and after Tai Shi Ci dispersed, he was able to gather scattered troops to continue to fight against Sun Ce for a long time, indicating that Liu Sui was quite popular in the local area. Sun Ce's bravery and kindness are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but Liu Xuan is not a useless straw bag.
Second, there seems to be a contradiction with the Biography of Zhuge Liang, where Zhuge Xuan appears as The Taishou of Yuzhang, appointed by Liu Biao, and occupies a part of Yuzhang to compete with Zhu Hao. Superficial contradictions can actually make sense. The author believes that Zhuge Xuan was sent to Yuzhang twice. The first time was in 194, when he was sent by Yuan Shu, and was immediately defeated by Zhu Hao, who was supported by the imperial court and Liu Xuan, and defected to Liu Biao. The second time was in 196, when Liu Xuan was defeated by Sun Ce, Jiangdong was in turmoil, and Liu Biao took advantage of the danger to send Zhuge Xuan again.
Third, Xu Shao's importance to Liu Xuan. This point has been analyzed before, and the next step is the embodiment of Xu Shao's wisdom. There are ellipses in the second paragraph of the historical data above, which omits Xu Shao's advice to Liu Sui: "Fu Rong sent out the army, regardless of the naming of the righteous." Zhu Wenming is good at promoting sincerity and believing in people, and it is advisable to guard against them secretly. Liu Xuan sent Zhen Rong to Yuzhang, and it is likely that the incident was urgent and did not consult with Xu Shao. After Xu Shao learned of this, he commented that Zhu Hao's troops had always disregarded his life, reputation, and faithfulness, and Zhu Hao was an upright and kind person, and he was likely to be murdered by Zhen Rong, and he needed to quickly tell Zhu Hao to be more vigilant.
When it comes to the warlords who did nothing evil in the late Han Dynasty, everyone will think of those who were barbaric in Liangzhou, but the Qirong who was born in Danyang was simply more than enough. As mentioned earlier, this person believed in Buddhism while plundering, and the reason why he defected to Liu Xuan was to kill Zhao Yu, the Taishou of Guangling, and loot his belongings. After confronting Sun Ce with his Colleague Xue Li in Xuzhou, he killed Xue Li at Moling and looted it. Liu Xuan, who had lost his soldiers, also had no way to take The Rong, after all, Xue Li was not his subordinate. As a result, Yu Zhang was melted into Yu Zhang, so he killed Zhu Hao and occupied Yu Zhang himself.
The son of the poor general Zhu Juan died tragically at the hands of his own people.
In the second year of Jian'an (197), Liu Xuan personally led an army into Zhenrong. In the first battle, Liu Xuan lost, stabilized his position and gathered the forces of the surrounding counties to attack again, and finally defeated Jing Rong. The local tsukasa fled into the mountains and fell into the hands of the local people and was killed.
The chaos in Yuzhang finally calmed down, but Liu Xuan was seriously ill and died soon after, at the age of forty-two.
Strictly speaking, although Liu Xuan was defeated by Sun Ce, he did not die at Sun Ce. If Xu Shao's plan came true, with the help of Cao Cao and Liu Biao, and stabilized the land of Yuzhang, it would still be able to cause considerable trouble for Sun Ce. After all, Liu Xuan's age is not very old, and as time goes on, the situation in Jiangdong will increase sharply.
Chen Shou commented on Liu Shu in his biography: "Zao Li is famous, good is still Zang no, as for the time of disturbance, according to the land of thousands of miles, it is not his long.
To put it simply, Liu Xuan is a tough person who cherishes fame and dignity, likes to make friends with celebrities, and evaluates others with virtue. This is also the reason why he has great respect for Xu Shao. As for his military ability, although Liu Xuan was not very good at it, as a latecomer, he could rule with Yuan Shu, the battle of Niuzhu could fight with Sun Ce back and forth, and it was still reasonable to face the traitor Zhen Rong's reversal and victory.
After Liu Xuan's death, the officials and people jointly promoted Hua Xin as the Assassin of Yangzhou, and soon Hua Xin surrendered to Sun Ce. Sun Ce sent liu xuan's body back to his hometown of Donglai for burial, and Liu Xuan's family was treated favorably by Sun Ce, and his eldest son Liu Ji was in Eastern Wu to Guangluxun, and Sun Quan's son Sun Ba also married Liu Ji's daughter, and the two families changed from rivals to relatives. Although this has the meaning of Sun's winning hearts, it can also be seen that Liu Xuan is indeed very popular in Yangzhou.
Finally, Xu Shao, who had given Cao Cao the comment that he was "a capable minister who ruled the world and a traitor to a chaotic world", also died shortly after retiring to Yuzhang. Being able to make this great celebrity who has read countless people and whose heart is higher than the sky loyal to this extent, Liu Xuan and Xu Shao can also be called confidants.
The deeds of the "silver medalist" Liu Sui end here, and the next Han Dynasty Qunxiong will tell you about Li Dai, the General of Liangzhou. If you are interested, please pay attention to me, your support is my biggest motivation for continuous updates, thank you!