The "Plain County Chronicle" is related to the Zhao family
The "Lai Poultry House Collection" contains the tombstone of the Zhao family written by Xing Dong
□ Zhang Mingfu, a special contributor to this newspaper
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there was a Zhao family of "one door and six scholars" in Pingyuan County, and the Number of Chinese people not only ranked first in Pingyuan County, but also in Shandong Province, it was also included in the list of 63 Keju families. This family has been brilliant for a long time in the long history of nearly 500 years, which can be called the generation of reading and learning martial arts. However, since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the talent of this family, Zhao Wanzhi, founded an influential and all-over-the-country conversion, and his descendants went crazy and dreamed of being emperors, and finally had to wear shackles and walk on the guillotine.
From Guangrao to plains
Time goes back to the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), when a soldier named Zhao Youde was placed in Tuntian, Pingyuan County, under the jurisdiction of Dezhou, because of his meritorious participation in the Battle of Jingnan, and immediately settled his home in Oak Forest Slope (present-day Zhaojiawan Village) north of Pingyuan County. From the first to the third, he inherited the military rank of the former dezhou left guard, and engaged in the guarding of the plain county town while farming. Decades later, after several generations of efforts, the life of the Zhao family gradually began to become rich, and the fourth Zhao Xuan also entered the county school from a private school, although he failed to achieve fame in the township examination, but in Pingyuan County in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, there were only a few people who could become xiucai.
Zhao Jian, the eldest son of Zhao Xuan, inherited his father's ambitions and studied hard, and his literary style became a leader in county studies. Zhao Jian's second son, Zhao En, was an official who served as an ambassador for Liangcheng (in the eastern part of fangcheng county, Henan Province) during the Zhengde dynasty; the third son, Zhao Hui, abandoned agriculture and engaged in business, and after years of business, obtained rich family assets, often received help from his neighbors, and was respected by the villagers for his charity and charity; the fourth son, Zhao Jie, served as an ambassador of the Inner Character Treasury of the Ministry of Households, and was promoted to Baoji County, Shaanxi Province. Zhao Jiao's son Zhao Qi (赵憼), was a Confucian teacher of Dongping Prefecture in Yanzhou Prefecture, and later transferred to Huairen County. It was the efforts of Zhao Xuan's side that brought the Plain Zhao family into the ranks of eunuchs.
Six soldiers and ten lifts people
According to the "Genealogy of the Zhao Clan of pingyuan", Qianlong's "Chronicle of Pingyuan County", and the Republic of China's "Chronicle of Continuing Pingyuan County", in the 400 years from Ming Jiajing to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Zhao family had 6 jinshi, 10 people, 25 gongsheng, 12 twins, 18 additional students, and nearly 300 students at all levels of school. Among the people who are in the rank of juren, 2 belong to the wujinshi and 4 belong to the wuju. Qianlong's "Records of Pingyuan County" contains the "Records of the Fifth Branch of the Zhao Family" written by Zhu Shize, a Yiren, which is an important historical document reflecting the succession of the Zhao family in the Plains.
The 6 jinshi admitted by the Zhao family were: the seventh Zhao Yan, the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing (1558) to raise people, the forty-fourth year (1565) jinshi, the first knowledge of Changyuan County, the line to take the Henan Province, the patrol of Guangdong, the transfer of Jiangxi to the senate, the promotion of Shaanxi deputy envoy Yuan Ma Siqing, the Jin envoy still in charge of Yuan Ma Qing's affairs, the search for Shaoqing, the move to Shaanxi to participate in the government of Lingong, the supplement to Fujian to participate in politics, and the title of envoy to be added. After the tribute, the ancestral shrine of the township is revered. 8th Zhao Shijin, Wanli 25th Year (1597) Shuntianfu Juren, 41st Year (1613) Jinshi, Chuguan Zhixian County, Chuhua County, ShenghuBu Chief; 9th Zhao Jiantu, Wanli 25th Year (1597) Shuntian Juren, Chongzhen Yuannian (1628) in guanxian County, 10th Zhao Chen, Shunzhi 9th year (1652) Jinshi, Guan Gao An Zhi County; 11th Zhao Chongzhi, Kangxi 18th year (1679) Wu Jinshi, Guan Fujian Xiamen Garrison; 15th Zhao Longtian, Zi Zefu, No. Oak Village, Jiaqing Fourteenth Year (1809) Wu Jinshi, a second-class "Chuanxu", an official to the third class bodyguard.
10 people in the Zhao family examination: Zhao Shihe, Wanli 46th year (1618) Shuntian lifting people; Zhao Shicheng, Wanli 43rd year (1615) lifting people; Zhao Hanwen, Ziwenhe, Kangxi forty-first year (1702) lifting people; Zhao Chongjie, Zi Mengqi, Kangxi fifty years (1711) Shuntian lifting people; Zhao Sikuan, Zi Zhanghan, Qianlong Yuannian (1736) lifting people; Zhao Shike, Wanli thirty-seven years (1609) Wuju; Zhao Jing, Kangxi five years (1666) Wuju; Zhao Zhiyi, Zi Songzhou, Qianlong Twenty-seventh Year (1762) Juren; Zhao Longchi, Zi Yutang, Qianlong Fifty-ninth Year (1794) Wuju, Candidate Wei Qianzong (正六品); Zhao Wanjuan, Zi Fengshan, Daoguang Seventeenth Year (1837) Wuju, Military Officer, successively served as the Changping Prefecture Central Military Camp Garrison Bureau Rehe Ha Qi Ketun Camp Dusi, specially awarded Guizhou Shiquan Camp Dusi.
The Zhao family has 25 gongsheng and vice-rankings: Zhao Ran, Wanli Ten Years (1582) Xuangong, Guanzanhuang County Zhixian County, Shengxi'an Fu Tongjue; Zhao Qiang, Wanli Gongsheng, Guandong Pingzhou Training, ShengHuairen Teachings; Zhao Jianluo, Wanli Twenty-eight (1600) Vice List; Zhao Jianyan, Chongzhen Eleventh Year (1638) Deputy List; Zhao Jiangeng, Chongzhen Ninth Year (1636) Election Tribute; Zhao Chongxu, Shunzhi First Year (1644) Election Tribute, Official Zhejiang Xinchangzhi County, Sheng Gansu Zhuanglang Prefecture Tongzhi, Final Official Wenzhou Prefecture Prefect; Zhao Lu, Zi Zhongmei, Shunzhi 5th Year (1648) Xuangong, Guan guizhou Tianzhu County Zhi County; Zhao Jianyu, Kangxi 16th year (1677) years old tribute; Zhao Xuan, Zhao Chongxuzi, Kangxi Xuangong, Selected Guanxian Discipline, not appointed; Zhao Key, Kangxi 25th year (1686) Bagong, Guandong A Training, Donation aid to repair Dong A xuegong, diligent teacher, Shidoden Kedi; Zhao Chongxi, Kangxi Engong; Zhao Kuiwen, Kangxi Xuangong; Zhao Chongxun, Qianlong 2nd year (1737) Engong; Zhao Zhiqu, Zi Fangting, Zi Fangting, Qianlong Twelfth Year (1747) Vice List; Zhao Zhiyuan, Zi Yiting, Qianlong Fifteenth Year (1750) Year Gong; Zhao Sijun, Zi Zhangmin, Qianlong Thirty-Eight Years (1773) Year Gong; Zhao Qirong, Qianlong Age Gong; Zhao Shiduo, Zi Shengmu, Qianlong Age Gong; Zhao Wanyuan, Zi Zi Yong, Qianlong Year Gong; Zhao Yuan, Zi Zi Yong, Qianlong Year Gong; Zhao Weilin, Jiaqing Thirteen Years (1808) Year Gong; Zhao Shi Duo, Character Sacred Wood, Tongzhi Engong; Zhao Xijin, Zi Sheng Tang, Tongzhi Age Gong; Zhao Yunzhang, Zi Xianchen, Tongzhi Age Gong; Zhao Yunzhang, Zi Xianchen, Tongzhi Age Gong Zhao Shiyou, attached tribute.
Prudence is for the benefit of officials
The officials of the Zhao family can be loyal to their duties and do things cautiously during the official period, and after returning to their hometowns, they can contribute to the cultural and public welfare undertakings in their hometowns, and have the courage to take responsibility, and the deeds of many people have been included in the local chronicles.
赵焞 (1526-1603), Zi Ming, Zi Ji Zhai, Jiajing Forty-four Years (1565) Jinshi, was initially directly subordinate to the Daimyo Prefecture Changyuan County Zhi County. After taking office, he severely punished the local scoundrels, could appease the good people, repeatedly decided to be suspicious of prison, handled Geng Jie strictly, caved candles and physical feelings, people did not dare to deceive, and in three years, the county was given a peaceful political reason, and the people were happy. Later, he was the imperial envoy of The Southern Province of Shenghe, patrolled Guangdong, and supervised the yanzheng. Transferred to Jiangxi to participate in the council, promoted to deputy envoy of Shaanxi, Qingtun Mu, foot blade, the number of horses increased significantly in several years. The Wanli Emperor lowered his orders: "Shaanxi Jiezhou won the rank of meritorious service, rewarded the deputy envoy Zhao Yanyin, and was promoted to the position of Yuan Ma SiQing of this province." "Later, according to the envoys of the Jin Dynasty and Shaanxi, he was still in charge of the yuan ma temple secretary and looked for who shaoqing. Later, he moved to Shaanxi to participate in politics and was divided into Lingong. Gongchang belongs to the edge of the desert, the land is dry and lacks water, and it is often dug dozens of wells without seeing water droplets. Zhao Yan found that the ancient silt river near Gongchang City could be cured, that is, he mobilized the people to dig a canal to channel the river water into the city, and with its branches to irrigate thousands of acres of land, the people named "Zhao Gong River". Later, he was divided into Fujian Jiannan, jialian official title, official to Zheng Sanpin. In order to commemorate the merits of Zhao Yan, the people of Changyuan were born in the ancestral shrine, and the Qin Long officials erected a monument to praise virtue. Zhao Yan returned to Li in his old age and settled his home in Bali Garden, north of Plain City. In his spare time, he once inspected the safety of the school building of the Pingyuan County School, and found that the ground behind the walls of the school palace had collapsed seriously, so he organized the villagers to move soil to build it up. Later, he built three pavilions in the county college and personally supervised the quality of the project, which made the county school look different. It is said that when Zhao Yan was serving as an envoy in Shaanxi Province, he heard that the military service in his hometown Pingyuan County was heavy, and that the people were not happy with their lives, so he wrote to the Governor of Shandong and said: "Pingyuan Wuxiang County is also. I put up with my hometown father and old man poisoned to this point? The Inspector of Shandong gladly ordered the county officials to lightly dispense with the small endowment, and from then on, the people of Pingyuan County lived and worked in peace and contentment. Zhao Yan was good at reading "Zhou Yi", bypassing medical skills, often administering medicine to save people, and there were often queues of people at the door of his home to seek medical treatment. Zhao Yan had planned to emulate Fan Zhong of the Song Dynasty in drowning yitian to support the clan, but he died of illness in the thirty-first year of the Wanli Calendar (1603) at the age of 78.
Zhao Ran (1544-1609), who was first awarded the title of Emperor Zhi County and later promoted to the rank of General Judge of Xi'an Province. He donated his own money to build a warehouse and sold cattle to help the poor people, which was once greatly praised by the people of Xi'an.
Zhao Shijin (1569-1626), a man of shun tianfu in the thirty-seventh year of the Wanli calendar (1609), a jinshi in the forty-first year of the Wanli calendar (1613), was appointed as the county zhi county, captured as a miscreant li sitian wang, zai shihua county, the demon hunter Li Jingxian, and the head of the Yunnan Qing official division of the Shenghu Department.
Zhao JianGeng, the word is white, Chongzhen six years (1633) vice list, posture yingmai, outstanding literary name, each test in the forefront, bypassing the art of astronomy, Taiyi, nongqi, but many township tests have failed. In the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), he finally passed the examination to pay tribute. The Chongzhen Dynasty had financial difficulties for the state, and the imperial court allowed people to fund the acting of the shogunate, and fan Zhiquan, the prefect of Zhending, invited Zhao Toong several times, but he resigned due to the old age of his parents.
Zhao Wei (1628-1691), kangxi eighteen years (1679) years old tribute, served as a tutor in Laizhou prefecture, recruited students to monthly classes, and promoted their outstanding people to enjoy the treatment of meals. Repair the prefectural school, donate money to buy musical instruments for the county school, so that the children can be born in the middle of the school. He is the author of 2 volumes of "Ritual Sketch" and 1 volume of "Holy Music Vowels", and after his death, he was enshrined in the Ancestral Hall of pingyuan township.
Zhao Key, Qing Kangxi Twenty-five Years (1686) Gongsheng, served as a teacher of Dong'a, donated money to help repair dong'a Xuegong, diligent teacher, Anderson of Shidodenkedi.
Zhao Longtian, served as a soldier in Yulin, waited for the scribes to have gifts, and donated funds to Yulin Academy to help the students anoint the fire. When he left office, the local scribes sent them to each other, hundreds of miles away.
Zhao Qirong, GongSheng, Jiaqing in the early years of the county with Zhang Yuding, Dong Yun, Huang Xuemin founded the Pingyuan County Jingyan Academy.
The Zhao family has always been passed down as filial piety. At that time, Zhao Yan's father once owed money to other people's houses, and Zhao Yan repaid it by borrowing money alone, and then donated money to build a house for the second old man, and after the old man's death, he gave the house to his brothers. When the brothers divide the work, they specially select the bad ones for furniture and the agricultural tools for planting the land, and the fields are specially selected for the barren ones. All the brothers said to the people, "My uncle is really called a benevolent brother." When Zhao Yan participated in the compilation of Wanli's "Pingyuan County Chronicle", he placed books such as "Four Books of Tongyi", "Yi Ben", "Yidi Jian Tuji", and "Compilation of Tang Poems" in the county school. Zhao Xuan's fourth son, Zhao Shihe, was born with great filial piety and respect for his parents. The stepfather Zhi set aside 450 acres of righteous land and distributed it to the poor in the clan. Zhao Shihe's grandson Zhao Wei, the young orphan mother to filial piety, and dutifully raised two orphaned nephews, following Zu Zhi donated more than 40 acres of land to the clan, advocated the construction of a ancestral shrine, and affirmed family training. He went all out to save those who were falsely accused of his clan, and there were handmaidens in the clan, and he spent money to redeem them and choose a good son-in-law to marry them. He also gathered his chinese and foreign sons surnamed Yu Jiashu , extended to su Confucianism , and later the Xian Ancestral Hall of Pingyuan County. Zhao Jiu's wife, daughter of Zhang Deqian of Renhua County, the couple heard of their mother's illness and returned home. When the mother dies, the number of survivors is four. After each grave offering, the couple will carry out the soil with their hands, weep as before, and divide the family land equally among the brothers. Zhao Jiuting was very strict in his training, and he had rebuilt the Qi Sheng Ancestral Hall. In Guangdong, there was a Wu surname Qianzong, because the family was poor, the relatives of the two dead generations could not be buried, and Zhao Jiu gave them a hundred gold. Zhao Chongxu, the prefect of Wenzhou, heard of his father's illness, that is, begging to return, when he was fifty years old, he returned home with great force, and he gave grace to him, and his life was ninety years old. He reworked the "Plain County Chronicle". Zhao Shanting, the heir apparent to Zhao Shanting, was devoted to filial piety and undressed and fed the six brothers. Since the worship of Qing Frugality and the sacrifice of WuFeng, more than 30 miles away from the tomb of the ancestors, more than 70 years old, still personally sacrificed sweeping, rain or shine. Children and grandchildren are often advised not to forget their ancestors, and sacrifices must be sincere. When Zhao Xijin fell in the middle of the Road, all his brothers were young, and he gave up his ancestral legacy to his brothers and taught for self-sufficiency. After 30 years of teaching, he has more talents than his own talents.
Riding the dragon fast son-in-law Xing Dong
Xing Dong was one of the four great calligraphers of the late Ming Dynasty, sometimes known as "Northern Xingnan Dong". The Xing family of Xing Dong is a famous family in Linyi County, which moved from Shimen Bridge in Renqiu County, Beiping Hejian Province to Shanghe in the early Ming Dynasty, and settled in Linyi County half a year later, and by the time xing dong arrived, it was already the seventh generation. The fourth generation of the family, Xing Tong's great-grandfather Xing Zheng, was selected as zhi county in Jinghai County through a big selection, and the official was appointed to Zhi Prefecture in Ganlan Prefecture. Since then, the Descendants of the Xing family have been numerous, Andi has won consecutive titles, and there have been many officials. Xing Dong's uncle Xing Rumo (邢如默進士) and the first, the official to the official, the two departments of engineering to the matter. His father, Xing Ruyo, practiced medicine and served in the Royal Palace of Jinan. Xing Dongyuan with Chen Zhiren, is the daughter of Chen Wanren, the master of Jianyang, who was adopted by Xing Dong's mother because of the early death of her parents, and when she grew up, she was arranged by Xing Dong's parents to become Xing Dong Yuanbei, and she had no children. Influenced by the feudal concept of marriage matching of "door to door", Zhao Fu, the official of the Seventh Tai Hospital of the Zhao Family of the Plains, married his daughter to Xing Dong as a step-up through the mediation of people. The Zhao clan bore Xing Dong two sons, namely The Elder Third Xing Wang Qi and the Old Fifth Xing Wang Jia of xing Tong's five sons.
Xing Dong was close to the Zhao family of Pingyuan, and not only entertained his friends who were high-ranking officials at his father-in-law's house several times, but also often feasted and entertained with his wife, brothers, wives, and nephews. The third volume of Xing Tong's "Lai Fowl House Collection" has a poem "Cold Food and the Collection of The Brothers of the Zhao Clan in the Plains, and the Next Day I Plan to Return the Cold Characters in the House": "The rain is slightly on the well bar, and the peach blossoms are alone in the spring cold." The year of the faint prohibition of fire, the cup of coins and cups for half a day. The guest house is called a warbler, and the plain grass promotes the saddle. The Ming Dynasty brothers will meet in the East Building, and also make thorns to see this night. The "Lai Fowl House Collection" also contains the "Epitaph of Zhao Xuan, the Envoy of Ming Fujian Province" written by Xing Dong for his uncle Zhao Xuan, the "Epitaph of the Commons Virgin Zhao Hui and sun and Li's two wives written for his uncle Zhao Hui", and the "Sacrifice to Father-in-Law Zhao Gong and Mother-in-law Ren Taijun Wen" written for his father-in-law Zhao Fu and his mother-in-law Ren Shi, which has become an important historical document for people today to study the Zhao family in the Plains.
Under the influence of his father-in-law's family, Xing Tong regarded Pingyuan County as his second hometown, not only married Song Shi as a family of children, but also wrote epitaph inscriptions for many people in Pingyuan, "Pingyuan County Rebuilding Yanlu Gong Ancestral Hall Stele" and Wanli's "Pingyuan County Chronicle".
Create a soul to break the emperor's dream
During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, the Opium War humiliated the nation and weakened its national strength, after which China entered a long period of war. Zhao Wanzhi, the sixteenth grandson of the Zhao clan, was born in the Jiaqing period and grew up in a chaotic world. He studied at the age of 7, entered the county school at the age of 11, and practiced Taoism at the age of 13. After repeatedly failing to pass the township test, he devoted himself to the study of Buddhism and taoism, almost obsessed, and was known as Zhao Madman. Zhao Wanzhi was willing to cross the Yellow River because his mother was cured of illness, and the center of the boat was suddenly fierce, and the boat wanted to capsize. The people on the boat were horrified, and Zhao Wanzhi burned yellow paper on the bow of the boat and chanted "Amitabha Buddha", and the wind and waves stopped suddenly, and everyone was able to cross the river safely. Since then, Zhao Wanzhi has become famous in the area of Licheng and Yucheng. During this period, he traveled north to see the transformation of the emperor in the north, ascended to Mount Putuo in Zhejiang Province to peek at the spirit of the bodhisattva, and entered the Penglai Immortal Island in the east to visit the wonders of the Immortal Buddha, knowing that the Buddha, the Immortal Truth, the Ming Jun, the Xianxiang and the Dacheng Saint Master had the same meaning of the book Pudu Qianqiu, so he integrated the Confucian Buddhist Path into one. And through setting up an altar to ask the three religious patriarchs (Shakya Buddha, Lao Tzu, confucius) to give instructions: "Now that the three priests have set up altars to seek the three teachings to convert to one, I have discussed with Shakya Buddha, Taishang Immortal, and Dacheng Shenggong on the celestial disk to jointly reveal the true meaning of the three religions, and write a single article, so that future generations of aspiring Buddhas and saints will not go astray." The Luanhui was founded, later changed to "Convert together", the only religious organization in Chinese history founded by Texans. This dao set the "lifeless old mother" as the highest deity, which is the first time in the religious circles, and it is also a relatively influential religious organization among the folk secret sects since the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Luan Society disseminated the essentials of the Tao by preaching the sacred sayings, which is not seen in other folk religions. Mainly along the street or in the lively place to set up a tent to preach the doctrine of conversion: "According to the classics of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, learn reason and seek reason, turn people's hearts into goodness, let the world know etiquette, philosophy, cultivate the true nature, get rid of difficulties, and ascend into Wuji." The precepts of the "Luanhui" were strict, and the Taoist life was extremely hard. After the death of Zhao Wanzhi in the first year of Guangxu (1875), the Daoist disciples renamed the "Luanhui" "Converted Together", calling Zhao Wanzhi the "Fuyang Emperor" and dividing it into two branches. One was Zhao Xike, the son of Zhao Wanzhi, and later passed on to his son Zhao Yunhui, and the main altar was located in Zhao Jiawan. The other was Li Lianyuan ( 李連苑 ) of the Plains Kuangzhuang , who later passed the throne to Chen Xizeng of Dexian County , and the general altar was located in Wangguanzhuang , Dexian County. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Taoist disciples participating in the meeting spread throughout Shandong and many surrounding provinces and cities, and from this, a number of branch daomen were derived, and the Daoist disciples spread to 24 provinces and cities across the country, with hundreds of thousands of people.
Originally a Taoist activity in the name of sitting, practicing Dan, and doing good deeds, it began to be a political activity in Pingyuan County from 1928. In 1928, Kou Shantang, the head of the Xiaobaibutun branch of pingyuan waist station town, treated a headache to Li Dasen, chief of the Hebei Provincial Supervision and Police Department and a lieutenant general of the Kuomintang Army, in the name of converting. To this end, Li Dasen joined the Dao, and erected a monument to the Dao, inscribed with the inscriptions "Wangu True Transmission" and "Wangu Liufang", and introduced a number of senior Kuomintang generals to join the conversion. Therefore, the converts relied on the political power of the Kuomintang to develop the Taoist affairs on a larger scale. Ji Hao joined the Kuomintang secret service organization in 1933, and the district governor Zhang Shifan and some Kuomintang members, members of the Sanqing League, and secret agents also joined the province. They used the cover of road service activities to carry out secret service activities. Especially during the Liberation War, they collected military and political intelligence of the Communist Party and instigated the rebellion of revolutionary cadres. In 1936, Zhao Yunhui, at the instigation of a number of Daoist disciples, ascended the throne as emperor at Zhao Jiawan and was made crown prince, concubine, eight thousand years old, and "foreign minister". In 1946, the Pingyuan County People's Government attacked the converts, and the following year executed Zhang Jihao, the leader of the Taoist altar and a Kuomintang agent. On October 10, 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Instruction on suppressing counter-revolutionary activities, and in 1951, Zhao Yunhui was executed in accordance with Article 8 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Punishment of Counter-Revolutionaries.
(In the writing of this article, zhao Zongdong of the finance department of Qingdao Beer (Pingyuan) Co., Ltd., a descendant of the Zhao family of Pingyuan, and Wang Yujie, an expert in the collation of Pingyuan's old history, were greatly helped. ）