When it comes to Emperor Xian of Han, many people think that it is not because in the end Emperor Xian of Han gave the throne to Cao Pi, so it is called Xian. In fact, it is not like this, the "dedication" of the Han Xian Emperor is actually a nickname, what is a nickname? It is to summarize the emperor's life after the death of the emperor, and to give such an evaluative title. The name is to be taken according to the law. The meaning of "offering" in the Dharma is wise and wise. The name Emperor Xian of Han actually means that he is wise and wise.
Isn't Emperor Cong of Han Xian smart? It's really smart. The history books record such a story, there was a year of drought in the Chang'an area, the price of goods soared, the peasants had no grain to eat, and the white bones accumulated. Emperor Xian of Han ordered people to take out the rice beans in the warehouse to boil the rice porridge and distribute it to the peasants. However, after two days, the phenomenon of famine in Chang'an City did not improve, and Emperor Xian of Han wondered, personally asked people to take grain out of the rice barn, and measured the rice beans in the palace and made rice porridge, and it turned out that the rice beans were not only of poor quality, adulterated, but also had problems with the amount. He arrested the official in charge. Emperor Xiandi of Han was young and had a soft heart, and he could not bear to kill this official, but only beat fifty large boards with sticks.
Emperor Xiandi of Han was indeed intelligent and kind when he was a child. However, although Emperor Xian of Han was born in the imperial family, the first half of his life can only be described in one word, that is, miserable.
Emperor Xian of Han, named Liu Xie, was born in 181 AD and was the second son of his father, Emperor Ling of Han. Emperor Xiandi's mother was named Wang Meiren and was the emperor's concubine. At that time, Empress He was born very beautiful, and her heart was very vicious, Empress He was very jealous of Wang Meiren, and after the birth of Emperor Xian of Han, Empress He poisoned Emperor Han's mother Wang Meiren, so Emperor Han xiandi never saw her own mother after she was born. When Emperor Xian of Han was nine years old, his father Emperor Ling of Han died, and at the age of ten, Emperor Xiandi's only brother, Emperor Shao of Han, was killed by Dong Zhuo, and in the same year Emperor Xiandi of Han was made emperor. Emperor Xian of Han was born and lost his mother, lost his father at the age of nine, and even his only relative and brother were killed at the age of ten, so far, Emperor Xian of Han had become a veritable orphan, and there was only one fierce god dong Zhuo around him.
In 190 AD, Dong Zhuo moved west to Chang'an with the nine-year-old Emperor Xian of Han. When Dong Zhuo was young, he could fight a good battle and open the bow left and right, and by this time Dong Zhuo had already eaten into a big fat man. Dong Zhuo killed people at random, once abducted hundreds of soldiers of the northern rebellion, cut off their tongues first, and then cut off their hands and feet, some of them dug out their eyeballs, some put them into a cauldron and boiled them alive, the people around them were terrified to see it, the chopsticks fell to the ground, Dong Zhuo was very happy, eating freely, should eat, should drink. There are countless similar things like this, And Emperor Xiandi of Han was a child, lonely and lonely, and it can be said that he was terrified.
In 192 AD, Dong Zhuo was killed by Wang Yun and Lü Bu, and everyone thought that the good days were finally coming, and it was not long before Dong Zhuo's old subordinates, Li Dai and Guo Feng, were killed and returned to Chang'an. Who are Li Dai and Guo Feng? Li Dai and Guo Feng were the generals of Dong Zhuo's son-in-law Niu Fu, and after Dong Zhuo was killed, Niu Fu's men mutinied, and Niu Fu was about to flee with gold and silver in his arms, and was killed by his subordinates. At this time, the Liangzhou soldiers were in disarray, scattered and fled, and they were also among the fugitives. At that time, rumors were circulating that the Liangzhou soldiers were going to be killed, and Li Dai wrote to Wang Yun to request amnesty, who knew that Wang Yun had made a faint move at this time and did not allow amnesty.
When the Liangzhou soldiers heard that Wang Yun had refused the request for amnesty for the Liangzhou soldiers, they were greatly frightened, and at this time Jia Xu said to Li Dai and Guo Feng, "You are fleeing now, and a town mayor walking on the road can arrest you, it is better to collect troops and fight back to Chang'an, if you succeed, you can threaten Tianzi to control the world, if you are not successful, it is not too late to flee back to Liangzhou at that time." ”
When Li Dai and Guo Feng heard this, they felt that it was reasonable, and regrouped the Liangzhou soldiers who had scattered and fled, saying to them, "Now wang yun will not forgive us, it is better to attack Chang'an together, and if we succeed, we will pacify the world together, and if we fail, we can also plunder the vicinity of Chang'an and then return to our hometown, the brothers said it is good!" ”
The Liangzhou soldiers were originally born from burning and looting, and they could go to Chang'an to rob again, of course, they could not miss it. As soon as he responded, he attacked Chang'an with Li Dai and Guo Feng, and by the time he reached Chang'an, with the addition of Dong Zhuo's remnants, there were already more than 100,000 people. Li Dai and Guo Feng besieged Chang'an for ten days, and finally Lü Bu's men rebelled, opening the city gate to bring Li Dai into Chang'an City, Lü Bu fought in the streets and alleys, and finally escaped from Chang'an City with hundreds of cavalry overnight.
Before Lü Bu left, he rode to Wang Yun and shouted outside the palace gate, "Situ, come with me, run away." Wang Yun replied, "I Wang Yun hope to be able to pacify the country." If this wish cannot be fulfilled, I would rather face it to death. Now the emperor is young, relying only on me, facing disaster but escaping, this is not what I want to do. Lü Bu, you escaped to kanto later, thank you to the princes of kanto for me, and you must not forget the great righteousness of the country! Lü Bu turned and rode away, killing a bloody road and escaping from Chang'an, while Situ Wang Yun was finally captured by Li Dai and Guo Feng and martyred.
Emperor Xian of Han had just passed two months of good life, and at this point he had fallen into the hands of Li Dai and Guo Feng, the two jackals. How did Emperor Xian of Han live under these two men?
Li Dai was made a che riding general, Guo Feng was made a rear general, and the two men sat on an equal footing, and the relationship was very good at the beginning. But as the saying goes, a mountain can not tolerate two tigers, these two tigers used to be unanimous, there is no contradiction, now there is no Wang Yun, the Kwantung armies are also fighting with each other, these two tigers slowly have a gap in their hearts, suspicion of each other.
At that time, Li Dai killed Fan Chou, another general of the Western Liang Army, and annexed his subordinates, which directly caused Guo Feng's dissatisfaction. Once Guo Feng and Li Dai ate and drank, Guo Feng suspected that the wine was poisoned, and he did not know whether it was really poisoned or fake poisoning, anyway, the first thing Guo Feng did when he returned home was to run to the toilet, what to do? Drink the fecal juice, and as soon as the fecal juice is drunk, the wine that you drink will be vomited. Then Guo Feng angrily led the army to fight with Li Dai. After a dozen months, two people could not fight each other, so they started the idea of Emperor Xiandi of Han.
Li Dai sent thousands of soldiers to surround the palace and forcibly demanded that Emperor Xian of Han leave the palace and move into Li Dai's own residence, and yang Biao, the minister at the time, said, "From ancient times to the present, there has never been a reason for an emperor to live in the minister's house. Li Dai's subordinates said, "We General Li have made up our minds!" If you don't listen, you have to listen! Saying that, the soldiers rushed into the palace, burned and looted, and forcibly kidnapped Emperor Xian of Han to come to Li Dai's camp.
Li Dai's soldiers plundered the palace, and then set fire to the palace and the palace. The palaces of the Han Dynasty were really miserable, the palaces of Luoyang were burned by Dong Zhuo, the palaces of Chang'an were burned by Li Dai, and the emperor did not even have a place to live.
Emperor Xian of Han was kidnapped to Li Dai's camp, and when he saw that this would not work, he sent a hundred officials to usurp Li Dai and Guo Feng, hoping that the two men would not fight again. Guo Feng took a look, you Li Dai kidnapped the Son of Heaven, then I Guo Feng can kidnap a hundred officials, after saying that Guo Feng will detain all the civil and military officials who came to the peace talks and keep them as hostages.
A great Han Dynasty, at this time the emperor and civil and military officials were taken hostage. Li Dai kidnapped Tianzi, guo feng kidnapped the gongqing hundred officials, and at this time the Han Dynasty had already existed in name only. At that time, there was a famous minister named Zhu Juan, who was a great general who quelled the Yellow Turban Rebellion, but was sent by the emperor to negotiate and was kidnapped. An old general who fought on the battlefield has never seen any big scenes, but he has never seen the emperor and hundreds of officials being kidnapped. Zhu Juan was abducted by Guo Feng and was humiliated, and died in anger in prison.
In this way, Li Dai and Guo Feng attacked each other in Chang'an City for several months, killing tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians. At that time, not only did the common people not have enough to eat, but even the emperor's officials could not eat enough. According to the Zizhi Tongjian, Li Dai placed Emperor Xian of Han under house arrest in Beiwu, where his troops monitored the emperor and could not go out, and no one from outside could enter. At that time, the emperor's attendants could not eat enough, and their faces were hungry, so Emperor Xiandi of Han asked Li Dai to send five buckets of rice and five cow bones, we didn't want to cook it, we just did it ourselves, this requirement is not high. Li Dai replied that he had already given you food in the morning, and now why did he want rice and did not give it. So Li Dai only gave Emperor Xian of Han five stinking cow bones. The cow bones were smelly and dirty, and there was no way to eat them. Emperor Xian of Han was so angry that he wanted to send someone to scold Li Dai, but was persuaded by his subordinates.
Emperor Xian of Han was taken hostage by Li Dai, not only did he have no personal freedom, but even food became a problem, at this time, Emperor Xian of Han no longer wanted to stay under Li Dai and wanted to return to the former capital Luoyang. It just so happened that the Zhendong general Zhang Ji came to Chang'an to mediate the contradiction between Li Dai and Guo Feng, and Zhang Ji also wanted to move Emperor Xian of Han out of Chang'an and settle in Hongnong. In the end, Li Dai and Guo Feng reached a reconciliation on the condition of exchanging their daughters, and Emperor Xian of Han was able to return to the east.
In July 195, Emperor Xian of Han drove out of Chang'an City by car and officially began to return to the east. From beginning to end, Emperor Xiandi of Han did not have his own army, nor did he have financial power, and not only relied on various warlords for the military, but also on the supply of various warlords for food. On the first day, Emperor Xian of Han went to Baling outside the city, hungry and cold, but fortunately Zhang Ji sent some grain, so that the people could be filled with hunger.
The generals who escorted Emperor Xian of Han to the east were Guo Feng, Zhang Ji, and Yang Feng, and these warlords who escorted Emperor Xian of Han were also pregnant with ghost fetuses. For example, Guo Feng, Who was nominally an escort, actually wanted to kidnap the emperor again. At that time, Guo Feng said to Emperor Xian of Han, "Let's go to Gaoling, don't go to Luoyang, so far." Gaoling was near Chang'an, that is, Guo Feng wanted to kidnap the emperor back to Chang'an. Zhang Ji and others disagreed, and Emperor Xiandi of Han did not agree even more. Emperor Xian of Han said to Guo Feng, "I just want to be closer to the place where the ancestors were sacrificed, please don't be suspicious, general." Guo Feng did not listen, and wanted Emperor Xian of Han to go west.
At this time, Emperor Xian of Han had no choice, there was no army or money, and the only capital that could fight with people was himself. The young Emperor Xian of Han took a measure, that is, hunger strike in protest, do not eat, you do not listen to me, I will starve myself to death. Emperor Xian of Han went on a hunger strike, Guo Feng panicked, the emperor is going to starve to death in my hands, then I will become the target of everyone, and everyone in the whole world will come to beat me. Guo Feng temporarily acquiesced to Emperor Xian of Han to continue to the east. Not long after leaving, Guo Feng once again wanted to kidnap Emperor Xian of Han militarily, but was discovered by the chancellor, and the two sides fought a battle, and Guo Feng lost the battle and ran away in ashes.
Guo Feng had just left, but Emperor Xian of Han could not move again. At that time, there were several generals who escorted Emperor Xian of Han (Yang Ding, Yang Feng, and Duan Sheng) against each other, and they fought each other again, and Emperor Xian of Han went to Huayin and stagnated. These warlords fought for more than ten days, and the two sides temporarily reconciled, but guo Feng ran back to Chang'an, and Li Daiyi, feeling that it was a big loss to let Emperor Han Xian run, Li Dai and Guo Feng ordered elite troops to chase after Emperor Han Xian and kill him. Emperor Xian of Han ran east and was chased by Li Dai and Guo Feng at Hongnong East, and the warlords guarding Emperor Xian of Han could not defeat Li Dai and Guo Feng. Hundreds of civil and military officials, soldiers, countless dead people, the books and utensils brought on the road of the imperial court were all lost, and Emperor Xian of Han could only continue to flee east with the remnants of his soldiers.
Emperor Xian of Han retreated all the way to the defeat of the battle, and when he retreated to this place in Shaanxi, he camped and defended himself. At this time, there were less than a hundred imperial forest troops guarding the emperor. Li Dai and Guo Feng surrounded the camp, and the generals shouted outside the camp, Emperor, come out. Emperor Xian of Han and his ministers had no choice but to prepare ships, secretly cross the Yellow River, take advantage of the night, raise a fire as a trumpet, Emperor Xiandi of Han and gongqing secretly walked out of the camp, the river bank was more than ten feet high, could not jump, can only let people tie Emperor Han Xiandi to the attendants, carry the shore to the ship. Because there were few ships, many soldiers rushed to get on the ship, there were not so many people on the ship, Dong Cheng and others wielded knives and slashed countless people who wanted to board the ship, the situation at that time was very tragic, and then Li Dai and others caught up, and the officials, palace women and people who remained were either robbed or killed, and many people were robbed of their clothes and then froze to death.
Emperor Xian of Han got on a boat and came to the other side of the Yellow River. On the other side of the Yellow River was a general named Zhang Yang. Zhang Yang was still good at treating Emperor Xian of Han, and paid for grain. Emperor Xian of Han had a meeting with a hundred officials at that time, there was no place, he could only hold meetings in a simple house surrounded by a fence, the doors and windows were open, Zhang Yang's soldiers had never seen the emperor, everyone was around the fence and looked inside, laughing and playing with each other, it turned out that the emperor looked like this, how did the minister dress so badly.
At this time, the emperor wanted money and no money, and he wanted land, but there were still so many people waiting for the reward, what to do? Only official positions could be rewarded, and at that time, the number of people who came to the Han Xian Emperor to ask for official positions was innumerable, and in ancient times, officials needed to be engraved. It was too late to engrave, so I could only take an awl and write the words on the seal first.
In the spring of the following year, 196, the warlords around Emperor Xian of Han began to fight among themselves again, fighting each other, and Emperor Xiandi of Han could not stand it anymore and wanted to return to Luoyang to stay. In July 196, Emperor Xian of Han finally returned to Luoyang, the place where he grew up. But at this time, Luoyang, which had experienced Dong Zhuo's looting and arson, was different from before. According to the history books, "the palace is burned out, the streets are deserted, and the hundred officials are covered with thorns, and they are surrounded by hills and walls." "The palace houses have long been burned down, only the broken walls are ruined, and the Han Xiandi and the hundred officials can only split the thorns and weeds and rest against the walls." Everyone had no food to eat, and hundreds of officials and secretaries of state had to go out to pick wild vegetables to eat, and some people starved to death if they didn't eat, or were killed by the soldiers of warlords.
Emperor Xian of Han left Chang'an in July 195 and, after a year, finally returned to Luoyang, where he grew up, in July 196. The straight-line distance from Chang'an to Luoyang is 380 kilometers, and now it can be reached by car in four hours. However, Emperor Xiandi of Han walked for a year. Sometimes there is not enough to eat on this road, sometimes it is chased and killed, the wind eats and sleeps, and there are several twists and turns. In the end, I finally came to Luoyang, but I was already a person. At that time, the princes of each state and county had strong troops in their own hands and were unwilling to support Emperor Xian of Han, let alone provide a place for Emperor Xian of Han.