Pre-Qin Chen Sheng and Wu Guang shouted, "The prince will have a kind of Xiang Ning? As a result, the peasant uprising in China's feudal era no longer violated the rules of etiquette and discipline; a large number of peasant Tianzi were born, and among the ancient Chinese peasant tianzi, the most famous and most characteristic tianzi was Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
In the history of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang made great contributions to the Chinese people, overthrowing the Mongolian Yuan, rebuilding the world of the Chinese people, laying the foundation for the central monarchy and centralizing the power system, and so on; these have made Zhu Yuanzhang's contributions to the ages. However, Zhu Yuanzhang's mistakes were equally distinct, killing heroes, establishing torture, and setting up guards in jinyi, which also became a stain on Zhu Yuanzhang's record in the annals of history.
Later generations also commented on Zhu Yuanzhang: "The Hongwu Emperor's merits are equally prominent, and at the same time, this person's personality characteristics are very distinct, and he is also a tyrant-like figure with both ambition and fierceness. "So, what kind of person is Zhu Yuanzhang, and what are the unknown considerations behind the things he has done?" In this article, we first understand the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang.
Zhu Yuanzhang's personality characteristics are very distinct and very personalized; if you want to summarize Zhu Yuanzhang's personality characteristics, this person's personality characteristics are mainly presented: strong self-esteem, decisive work, changeable temperament, pragmatic but lack of security.
Zhu Yuanzhang's self-esteem is very strong, which is actually related to his early experience, and it is also related to the sense of gap caused by his later high position. Zhu Yuanzhang was not born well, just an ordinary peasant descendant, in the early years to live to herd cattle for landlords, and later because of the excessive taxes of the Yuan Dynasty, the family was destroyed, Zhu Yuanzhang had no choice but to become a monk.
However, how can there be a place to settle down in the chaotic world, Zhu Yuanzhang's Huangjue Temple, it did not take long to have much surplus grain, to feed such a large number of monks, therefore, the Huangjue Temple in the name of "cultivation", dismissed a large number of monks to go out to make a living, so Zhu Yuanzhang fell into the folk to beg for a living.
The turbulent and displacement experience in the early years also allowed Zhu Yuanzhang to taste all kinds of tastes in the human world, without any background and any backing, Zhu Yuanzhang could only rely on himself for everything, and had an extremely strong desire for survival; Zhu Yuanzhang, whether he ruled the army or the world, embodied a strong desire for control and survival everywhere.
Whether it is Chen Youyu, Zhang Shicheng, or fighting the Mongol army, Zhu Yuanzhang's fierce strength is vividly embodied, not everyone can have a fierce qi, but the fierce qi is very obvious in Zhu Yuanzhang's body. However, this also reflects from the side that Zhu Yuanzhang has a personality trait: extremely strong self-esteem.
Born in a humble background, he climbed to a high position step by step by relying on his own struggle, and after reaching a high position, the reader always talked about his early experience, which greatly damaged Zhu Yuanzhang's self-esteem; moreover, Zhu Yuanzhang had a strong self-confidence, which was actually rooted in the chain behavior caused by strong self-esteem.
Even when the world shouted the three words "Zhu Zhongba", Zhu Yuanzhang would kill his heart, so rebellious, how could he not reflect the strength of his self-esteem? Zhu Yuanzhang has a particularly obvious advantage in his personality is to do things decisively, whether it is the right thing or the right person, as long as Zhu Yuanzhang thinks that it is right, the things that can be implemented or policies, he will not hesitate to do it!
The big plan of attacking Ying Tiancheng was proof that Zhu Yuanzhang was resolute and decisive in doing things. However, Yingtiancheng is a very famous city in the Jiangnan region, its defensive force is very strong, the city defense construction is very strong, the peasant rebel army at the beginning, few people have ideas about this city, because they understand very well, Jinling City, the city is high and deep, the defensive force is strong, and it is difficult to fight down without hundreds of thousands of troops.
However, Zhu Yuanzhang did not think so, first of all, he knew how to think differently, he understood that although Ying Tiancheng seemed extremely difficult to conquer on the surface, the rulers of the Yuan Empire would also think; they believed that since Ying Tiancheng had such a powerful city defense force, there was no need to place too many troops.
Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang sent people to monitor Ying Tiancheng day and night, and he firmly believed that the Ying Tiancheng defenders would definitely go to war; later, the Ying Tiancheng defenders sent troops to deal with the main force of the Red Turban Army, which gave Zhu Yuanzhang an opportunity.
However, at this time, the leader of the "Red Turban Army", King Xiaoming, issued an order asking Zhu Yuanzhang to quickly assist the Red Turban Army, in this dilemma, Zhu Yuanzhang's advisers had no idea, after all, the army was able to develop and grow in the name of King Xiaoming, if not saved, King Xiaoming would settle accounts in the future, then, Zhu Yuanzhang's troops would also completely lose the family foundation that they had saved for so many years.
However, Ying Tian was now empty in the city, and if he did not occupy it, it would be difficult to have such a fighter in the future. At a time when the generals were at a loss, Zhu Yuanzhang decisively decided to send troops to the heavens, so this gave Zhu Yuanzhang the opportunity to take the throne of the emperor.
Some experts once made the assumption that if Zhu Yuanzhang chose to give up YingTian to rescue, then the consequence would be that Zhu Yuanzhang's strength could not be expanded on a large scale, and in the era of chaotic warfare, in the end, it was likely to be annexed by other forces. After all, the city and money and grain that Zhu Yuanzhang had at that time could not feed too many troops, and Zhu Yuanzhang's 100,000-strong army was completely dependent on the Red Turban Army to allocate grain to continue to persist.
But if Zhu Yuanzhang conquered YingTian, then the situation would be different, Zhu Yuanzhang would change from passive to active, first of all, the grain and treasure possessed in Yingtian City were enough to arm 200,000 troops, which provided material support for Zhu Yuanzhang's hegemony.
Therefore, in that situation at that time, one was to go to Ying Tiancheng in violation of the red turban army orders, and the other was to go to the rescue and abandon Ying Tiancheng, Zhu Yuanzhang finally chose to take his fate into his own hands. From this point of view, Zhu Yuanzhang's heroic spirit of acting decisively at the inner level is reflected.
Temperament is a personality trait of Zhu Yuanzhang, and it is also a common occupational disease among the ancient Chinese emperors. Why? The disparity between kings and subjects is not only a disparity in status, but also a disparity in wisdom. Of course, this kind of wisdom does not refer only to IQ, but to the city government, thinking and other aspects.
In other words, manipulating emotions has become a means for the king to control his subordinates, then, if you want to achieve the control of emotions, you need to let others not understand their own personality, can not see through their own city government, can not see through their own thinking, only the courtiers can not see through the nature of the Son of Heaven, always uphold a sense of awe for the Son of Heaven, and then achieve the purpose of controlling the courtiers, which is also a kind of imperial art.
Zhu Yuanzhang went from joining the Red Turban Army to becoming a king, and his progress in thinking and the study and control of the art of emperors were constantly growing and becoming proficient.
First of all, "taming people" as the most basic skill of the Son of Heaven, the art of taming people must be able to do not leak, in the employment of people, Zhu Yuanzhang dares to employ people, but also dares to give deterrence, whether it is today's great Confucian, or reclusive celebrities, his attitude is always respect, admiration, courtesy to the soldiers, the image he gives to people, will always be the status of the superior who strives to govern.
Taking Li Shanchang as an example, Zhu Yuanzhang's treatment of Li Shanchang can be a mentality of admiration and admiration, an attitude of indifference and neglect, and even more can be an attitude of courtesy and affinity. All in all, as long as Li Shanchang can't understand his personality and temper, that is the best way to control people.
After all, some people with great wisdom are often very picky in choosing a king, if he understands his temperament and temper in all directions, then he is likely to be despised by them, after all, high-IQ people think that only stronger than themselves are qualified to command themselves.
Zhu Yuanzhang, during his tenure as the Son of Heaven, had already applied the characteristics of his temperament to the imperial court, his personality was suspicious, jealous, and cruel, he was able to show his evil side unreservedly, and at the same time, he was able to show his good side, Zhu Yuanzhang was sometimes full of affinity, sometimes cloudy; his old friends who were born and died with him, and his friendship with him for decades, could not see through Zhu Yuanzhang.
Therefore, it is enough to prove that Zhu Yuanzhang, a person, has played the art of the emperor to the point of pure fire, and is also good at disguising his true feelings.
Pragmatic but insecure is also a character trait of Zhu Yuanzhang, which stems from his tragic childhood. In fact, throughout the introduction of Ming history, Zhu Yuanzhang was not a cheerful and optimistic person from beginning to end, because the heavens made too many jokes on him, and his family was broken and he was living on the streets. However, these experiences made Zhu Yuanzhang gradually understand a truth in the survival stage: he must be pragmatic in doing things and not play some empty things.
Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang's pragmatism is notorious, daring to go down to farming as a king and daring to negotiate alone as the leader of the first army. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang inspected the people, came to the first place, saw the mountains full of refugees and desolate farmland that was not cultivated everywhere, Zhu Yuanzhang was the son of a farmer, he knew that the significance of farmland to farmers was extremely heavy, but the refugees would rather wait for government relief than dare to move the idea of the field.
The reason was that they were worried about the strictness of the feudal government's registration of land, so the refugees preferred to change their children and eat rather than find land and cultivate land. Therefore, the peasants in the feudal period were always the objects of oppression by the government. For this situation, how did Zhu Yuanzhang do it?
Zhu Yuanzhang's approach was, first of all, to require all local officials to register their household registration fairly and equitably and divide the land equally. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang dispatched a large number of supervision officials to supervise local officials, and most of these officials were dispatched in secret, and once it was found that local officials had withheld the people or annexed land, they did not need any trial and could be directly disposed of on the spot.
In the early days of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's murderous spirit was largely to deter local officials, and he understood that he would compare hearts to hearts, and he also understood the truth that the world was in scuffles and the people suffered. Therefore, in the middle and late Hongwu years, the people of Li in the world basically had land to cultivate and surplus grain to use.
And Zhu Yuanzhang's pragmatism is also reflected in the ruling, he later abolished the chancellor system (he believes that the prime minister is the biggest threat to imperial power, he attributed the reason for the demise of the Yuan Dynasty to the dictatorship of the prime minister), and then personally corrected the folds, to know that such a huge base of folds every day, Zhu Yuanzhang even if he works 24 hours a day, he may not be able to complete the corrections.
However, Zhu Yuanzhang would rather work overtime than officials overly seize power, and even work overtime for a long time, and in this pragmatic state of personal effort, Zhu Yuanzhang began to realize the centralization of power step by step, and then to the emperor to centralize power.
Zhu Yuanzhang also has a very distinctive feature, that is, lack of security, which also stems from early experience. After he seized power in the world, in order to avoid another great chaos in the world, Zhu Yuanzhang was painstaking in the rule of officials and the rule of the army.
First of all, set up a Jinyi guard to monitor the officials of the world, no matter how small the official position, there will always be a Jinyi guard staring at you all the time, but if there is a little rebellion, Zhu Yuanzhang will not be merciful; the other is to curb the power of officials step by step, especially the power of military attaches; he set up a military system of "using civilian force to control weapons" and a civilian official system of "using military force to control literature", so that civilian officials and military attaches can restrain each other under the weakening of the power of military attaches.
Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to the management of the army, and after he established the Ming Empire, he gradually eliminated the reasons for the heroes, who were proud of their merits and had other ideas in their hands. Therefore, in the army, Zhu Yuanzhang also monitored and divided powers through various means, and after cleaning up the heroes, most of the generals sent by Zhu Yuanzhang were his own confidants, or sent several people to jointly manage the first army.
In the defense of border passes, Zhu Yuanzhang also understood the allusion that the bian general had too much monopoly, so adhering to the principle of the descendants of the old Zhu family, Zhu Yuanzhang sent his sons to the border passes to guard the town, which was the model of the king of the clan (Zhu Yuanzhang obviously forgot the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms" of the Western Han Dynasty and the "division of the town" at the end of the Tang Dynasty).
To sum up, Zhu Yuanzhang's sense of security is extremely low, and he believes that only by concentrating all the power on the emperor can he truly make himself feel at ease.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang's merits are equally abrupt, this also shows another way for a peasant son to govern the world. In addition, most of Zhu Yuanzhang's experience and strategies in governing the country are based on the mistakes of the previous dynasty and the mistakes of the previous dynasty, and finally form a set of governance models.
In order to achieve control of officials, Zhu Yuanzhang also innovated and established the Jinyiwei organization, and later, the outbreak of the Blue Jade Case and the Hu Weiyong Case was attributed to the credit of the Jinyiwei, but later Zhu Yuanzhang also felt that the Jinyiwei was too powerful, and finally Zhu Yuanzhang also made up his mind to abolish the Jinyiwei institution.
Generally speaking, Zhu Yuanzhang has distinct personality characteristics, which are related to his ups and downs in life experience, and his life experience and survival experience tell him that if he wants to make the country long-term peace and stability, he must have ambition and fierceness.