"Ferry" is a preface written by the famous contemporary writer Gao Xiaosheng in the form of allegory for the "Seven-Nine Novel Collection". In the preface, Gao Xiaosheng embodies the insight of his creation in an intriguing plot, and makes the creation theory story and popular. The enlightenment brought to us by the story is that the writer's creation relies on the sense of truth to impress the reader, to infect, cultivate, and educate the reader. True feelings maintain the life of writers' creations, and without true feelings, writers have no way out.
Ancient Yun: "Those who touch the heart are not first of all." This means that nothing can touch people's hearts more than heartfelt emotions. The writer in the fable "Ferry" found a way to live for himself, that is, words are the voice of the heart, that is, the sincere feeling of truth that moves the ferryman.
Man is a high-level emotional animal, living in emotional activities such as joy and sorrow all the time. People have a certain emotion about life, often with the help of words to express, writing articles has become one of the common carriers for people to express their true feelings. The so-called "emotional words" and "emotions in the middle and form in words" in ancient literary theory are said to be this truth. It seems that writing articles is not simply to record and copy life with words, but more importantly, the words carry people's real thoughts, emotions and feelings about life. Therefore, there is also the saying that "articles are not heartless things, and every word is always concerned".
The ancients wrote poems and essays that emphasized the realm. What is a realm? Wang Guowei pointed out in "Words and Sayings on Earth": "The realm is not only a scenery, but also a realm in people's hearts. Therefore, those who can paint real scenes and true feelings are said to have a realm. Otherwise, there is no boundary. This passage tells us that the article can describe the real scene, the real emotion, it is called there is a realm, otherwise it is called no realm.
The ancients wrote poems and essays that emphasized the sense of truth, and the same was true for student essays. Composition is a tool for students to express themselves (expressively) and communicate with others, and also emphasizes the sense of truth. The "New Language Curriculum Standards" clearly points out: "Writing teaching should be close to the actual situation of students, so that students are easy to write, willing to express, should guide students to pay attention to reality, love life, and express true feelings." From this, it is not difficult for us to see that whether the article has a sense of truth or not is a standard and a yardstick for measuring and evaluating the quality of students' compositions.
What is true feelings? Where does the sense of truth in a student's essay come from?
True feelings refer to sincere emotions or sincere feelings. It is the author's sincere feelings for others, nature, society, and life that the author reveals in the article.
Real sense is the author's true feelings, perceptions and thoughts on life.
"True feelings" come from "real feelings", which are produced on the basis of people's actual experience and real feelings of life; "real feelings" can only be obtained from personal experience of life. There are factors in life that contain infinite rich emotions: mother nagging, father's advice, teachers' kind criticism, elders' concern, classmates' help... These true feelings in life can only be perceived and felt if they are carefully observed, felt with their hearts, and carefully tasted.
Life is selfless for everyone, the life described by many excellent student essays, by no means the author is alone in it, the reason why they can pick up colorful shells in the ocean of life, write works that can infect and impress readers, of course, can not be separated from their real experience and feelings of life.
One student wrote in the article "On the Way to School":
In the early morning, the blue sky is filled with goose feathers and heavy snow. I carried my school bag and walked toward the school against the northwest wind. I had just arrived at the intersection when I suddenly saw a seven- or eight-year-old child running out of an alley, and the child's mother was chasing after me. At this time, a car drove up to the child at a rapid speed, and it looked like it was about to crash the child under the wheel. At this critical moment, my mind flashed with heroic images such as Ouyang Hai, Luo Shengjiao, Lei Feng, and Lai Ning, and I did not hesitate to rush forward and carry the child to the side of the road. With a "quack", the car stopped less than a meter away from me, and the child escaped.
Pedestrians on the road surrounded us one after another and said in unison: "This child, really worthy of being Little Lei Feng, is the living LaiNing!" Hearing everyone's praise, my face "smacked" red.
After reading this article, most students can judge that this matter is written very falsely. Why do students tell lies, tell false stories, and lyrically in their articles? The bottom line: a lack of authentic experience of life.
From this, it is not difficult for us to see that the true feeling of truth in the composition comes from "my" personal experience and experience of life, which pays attention to its own experience and feelings, and cannot follow the clouds or copy other people's thoughts. This requires students to write essays, to have "I" present, to use the first person to write about my observations, my personal experiences, my feelings, my imagination, that is, what I see, hear, think, experience, feel and imagine. In this way, it can give the reader a real and credible feeling.
The expression of true feelings is inseparable from the language of life, and the true feelings in student compositions come from the language close to life.
A classmate wrote a retired grandfather sweeping the road, others asked the grandfather why he retired to sweep the road, the old man said: "Although I am retired, but the body is still tough, to make a little contribution to the beautification and lighting of our city, to dress our city into a garden city to make a contribution, a light." "Will this old man have such a bold statement in real life?" Would you sing a high note like that? Obviously not. Such language gives the reader the feeling that it is too false and too vain, and it is incompatible with the real language in life.
Don't blindly exaggerate when expressing your true feelings. For example, in the proposition essay "Be a Child with Your Heart", a classmate wrote three subtitles like this: Be the son of the mother with your heart; Be the son of the teacher with your heart; and Be the son of the country with your heart. This kind of fake big empty article that climbs high, the emotion is false, even hypocritical, so that the reader can see at a glance, and the score is naturally judged as a failure by the grading teacher.
Looking at a passage in the article "Lychee", the feeling is completely different:
When the mother saw Lychee, her face immediately sank: "What happened to your rich man?" Such an expensive thing, you..." I interrupted my mother's words: "Such an expensive thing, don't let's try it!" The mother laughed, and her sharp-veined hand kept stroking the lychee, and then used the little thumb nail cover to scratch the lychee skin, carefully peeling the skin and not letting the skin fall, holding the lychee in her palm, like holding a chicken that had just pecked at the eggshell, looking at it with pity and reluctance to swallow, and kept saying to me: "How do you say it is long?" Why is there such white flesh in the red skin? "After all, it was the first time to eat, after all, it was delicious! The mother was as happy as a child.
In this passage, "What happened to your rich man?" Something so expensive, you..." "Something so expensive, don't let's try it!" How do you say it's long? Why is there such white flesh in the red skin? The language of the mother-child dialogue in the passage is simple, and the simple language expresses the mother's feelings of pity for her son's spending money and happiness. Such a language is the real living language, and the emotions carried in such a living language are the most real emotions.
From the above words, it is not difficult for us to find that the true feelings in the article come from the language of life, and only the language close to life, or like the language of life, can express sincere emotions. Such language naturally does not give the reader the feeling of big words, empty words and high notes. Composition is to use language to record life, express life, express the true feelings, what life is like is written into what it looks like, do not deviate, do not change the taste, to maintain the original taste of life, try to have the breath of life. The language of life specifically requires the language of the character, what kind of person says what kind of words, the language should conform to the identity, age, occupation, gender, education level, personality characteristics, etc. of the character, and try to write personality. Write in a language close to life, and write it out to convey sincere emotions.
To express a sense of truth, we must be good at turning abstract and empty emotions into concrete life examples. That is to say, the invisible emotions are transformed into tangible, concrete and perceptible life examples, and the abstract emotions are given shape, so that they can be integrated into the matter and reveal the true feelings through specific examples.
One student wrote in an essay about fatherly love:
Dad loved us very much. He gave us meticulous care, gave us all kinds of care, and he loved us deeply. In his heart, only we are the most important. It can be said that Dad gave us all his love. Dad, you love us, and we love you forever.
This is a relatively abstract and empty text, and the emotions expressed by the author obviously give the reader a feeling of emptiness, emptiness and falsehood, as if shouting empty slogans, which is naturally difficult to move. Turning abstract, empty emotions into concrete and perceptible examples of life will give the reader a completely different feeling. as:
Dad, when I saw the bamboo swaying in the wind in front of the window today, I remembered your love for me. We must not forget, several times, the picture of you holding me high on your broad shoulders and running excitedly in the fields full of flowers and grasses; you must not forget that in order to raise us, you ran around in the summer, collected wine bottles, collected rags, and when you returned, you were full of dust, full of sweat, and deep wrinkles hid hard work; you must not forget that when I was sick in the middle of the night, you ignored the tiredness of the day, regardless of the storm outside, and ran to the health center with one foot deep and one foot shallow on my back; and even more cannot forget that when I was discharged from the hospital, Your gaunt but weeping face. Dad, every time I see you, I can't suppress the tears of sadness and tell you the worries of day and night.
In this text, the author expresses the feelings of "Dad loves us very much" through several specific examples in life, turning the void into concrete, and the invisible into the tangible, which not only enriches the content of the article, but also allows the reader to truly feel the sincere love of the father for us.
Expressing true feelings is inseparable from the examples of specific life, but the narrative must conform to the reality of life and cannot be "sentimental". For example, the essay titled "I touched the people around me", some students wrote sprained feet naked and persevered to participate in sports competitions, and finally won the championship. This is typical of mannerisms. For another example, a student wrote that his fever burned to 39 degrees, and he also went to the school to send a skirt to the classmates who had made an appointment, so as to express the true feelings of integrity, which was purely "temperamental". These deliberately contrived mannerisms can only make the reader disdainful.
A student wrote in the article "Thoughtfulness in Life":
In school, teachers will have some occupational diseases because of chalk ash. Once, we found that the new trainee teacher kept coughing during class, and after asking, we realized that it was chalk ash that caused the trouble. Everyone came up with a way to sprinkle water. We bought a small watering can with the class fee and sprayed a little water every time we wiped the blackboard, and the effect was not bad. When the teacher knew, he was very touched. On the day of our departure, the teacher said to us, "Thank you, I will never forget that I made such a good student!" ”
Is this a heartfelt touch? Both the student's approach and the teacher's gratitude are very pretentious. It is unrealistic to use the method of "sprinkling water" to solve the problem of coughing by the teacher, so it is better to prepare a cup of boiling water, or put it in the water into the fat sea, or prepare a golden throat treasure. False manners, habitual, will naturally create a false life.
The true feeling of student composition is also common in description, that is, the truth is seen through detailed description, and the environmental description sets off emotions.
There is such a fragment in Zhu Ziqing's article "Back Shadow":
I said, "Daddy, you go." He looked out of the car and said, "I'll buy some oranges." You're here, don't move around. "I saw that there were a few customers waiting outside the fence of the platform over there. To get to the platform over there, you have to cross the railway, you have to jump down and climb up. My father was a fat man, so it was naturally more troublesome to walk over. I was going to go, but he refused, so I had to let him go, and I saw him wearing a small black cloth hat, a black cloth coat, and a dark green cotton robe, and he staggered to the side of the railway and slowly leaned down, it was not too difficult. But he crossed the railway track, and it was not easy to climb the platform over there. He climbed up with both hands and shrank his feet upwards; his fat body leaned slightly to the left, showing the look of effort, when I saw his back, and my tears flowed quickly. I quickly wiped away my tears. Afraid that he would see it, and afraid that others would see it. When I looked out again, he had already picked up the vermilion orange and walked back. When crossing the railway, he first scattered the oranges on the ground, slowly climbed down, and then picked up the oranges and walked. When I got to this side, I hurried to pick him up. He and I walked to the car and put the orange strands on my fur coat. So I pounced on the dirt on my clothes, and my heart was very relaxed. After a while he said, "I'm gone, over there to write!" "I looked at him as he walked out. He took a few steps, looked back at me, and said, "Go in, there's no one inside," and when his back mixed in with the people coming and going, and he couldn't find it anymore, I came in and sat down, and my tears came again.
It is in this text that the author truly and delicately reproduces the situation of the father waddling through the railway to climb the platform to buy oranges for his son through the details of the description, especially the subtle action description, which is full of the father's strong love for his son, which has touched countless readers and made people cry. Some people even praised Zhu Ziqing's "Back Shadow" as "the first love literature between heaven and earth", which can be said to be beyond reproach and deserved. The delicate detailed description undoubtedly enhances the authenticity of the work and achieves the effect of "conveying the spirit at a glance". As the saying goes, "a grain of sand looks at the world, and half a petal of flowers and leaves says human feelings."
In addition, the environmental depiction of the emotional foil will also make people feel more real. For example, some students wrote in the article "To Grandpa":
It wasn't until one day, when I came to my grandfather's house again, and looked at the empty room, the old furniture, and the old radio that I suddenly remembered that I had not been to my grandfather's house for a long time, and that my grandfather lived every day in such a cold and silent environment.
This passage, a few sentences describing the environment, expresses the guilt of "I" not coming to My Grandfather's house for a long time. Its true feelings are naturally and smoothly revealed in the description of the environment.
Student essays emphasize the expression of true feelings, emphasize writing the truth, and writing "true" is not the same as writing "real".
Real emotions are often infused with real things. In the usual homework class, the teacher emphasizes too much on letting students write about "real" life and real things. But writing "true" is not the same as writing "real." Authenticity includes three meanings: First, real materials, the composition as far as possible to show the real people in life, to write their own personal experience. The "truth" here is truth in the objective sense, truth in the practical sense. The second layer is the sense of truth, which means to truly express their understanding of life and emotions in the article; the third layer is the real impression, the author can transform, process, and fiction of life, and finally give the reader a real impression, which is really realistic, which means to write out what life should look like, even if it is processed and fictionalized, but let the reader read it, feel reasonable, like the way life looks, so that even if it is "processed" life, the impression given to the reader is still real.
Some teachers believe that the sense of truth emphasizes the recording of a person's original emotions about life, but in fact, this is a big mistake and a special mistake. This is because "truth" is relative, there is no absolute "truth". "True" is not simply equated with the original burning of life or inner feelings. Student writing is not a reproduction and stereotype of the original version of life. Rather, they want to express life artistically and aesthetically, and there is no article in the world that is not a work that has not been processed by fiction, otherwise it would not be called a "work". The correct understanding of fiction should be: according to the needs, the material from life should be rationally processed. Fiction and falsehood in student compositions are two different things, although they all have the meaning of "virtual", but the foothold is different, the composition focuses on "composition", that is, using imagination and association to select, refine, process and recreate new images of life materials. One is false, unfounded nonsense.
Can fiction write true feelings? The answer is yes. Fiction is not a groundless fabrication, but is based on real life, and it is the writer who processes and transforms the materials of life that he possesses. Reasonable fiction in students' essays not only makes the content of the essay more vivid and concrete, but also more conducive to expressing a sense of truth. Like a virtual corresponding life situation, put yourself in it, think about it, I am at that time, that scene, what will happen to me? How would I feel? Such a virtual, as soon as you enter the scene and enter the role, you will feel empathy, even if it is a fictional scene, the article written can also give the reader a sense of truth.
In short, the truth is the biggest "truth" of the article, and the real feeling is the biggest truth of the article. No matter what the topic, as long as you write with true feelings, the composition that integrates true feelings is also true. No matter what kind of expression is used, as long as it is reasonable to write, what is reasonable is true.
Author: Yang Keshun, a senior teacher, an expert enjoying government subsidies, is praised by the industry and the media as the "father of happy composition"
![Gao Xiaosheng: Why is family collection important?[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)