Three Kingdoms - Wu Zhi

Wu Zhi (177-230), also spelled Ji Zhong, was a native of Jiyin County, Yanzhou (present-day northwest of Dingtao District, Heze, Shandong), and a famous writer of the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty. The official zhi Zhenwei general, the false festival capital governor of Hebei military, the marquis of Lie. At first, he was loved by Cao Pi because of his literary talent. In the process of Emperor Wen of Wei's cao pi being made crown prince, Wu Qian made great contributions. Together with Sima Yi, Chen Qun, and Zhu Shuo, they were known as Cao Pi's "Four Friends". He was a debauchery, a man of great power, a flying and a wandering, and was posthumously known as an "ugly prince". His son Wu Ying (吴應) pleaded guilty several times, and during the reign of Emperor Zheng, Fang changed his title to "Marquis of Wei".

Wu Qian was born in a "single family", but he could not take the attitude of "floating with the township", so he could not rank among the mingshi factions of the late Han Dynasty and was able to gain prominence in the political field; Even though Cao Pi later marched Wu Zhi to Luoyang, he was "not spared by the townspeople" (Pei Songzhi of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms quotes the Canon). Of course, there is another important reason, in terms of his literary talent can not match the seven sons of Jian'an, so he cannot be famous in the Jian'an literary circle with his literary achievements. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, and Wu Zhi once said that Wu Qian was "a good official to Emperor Wen and an official to the general Zhenwei", but in fact, there were more complex political reasons.

Cao Cao liked the scholars of Yanna literature, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi also had the style of a father, in addition to the seven sons of Jian'an, there were also a group of young scribes gathered around them, and when the problem of Cao Cao's heir was unclear, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi and the scribes around them could still get along; When the issue of Cao Cao's heir became prominent, the two sides sharply opposed each other. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, and Cao Zhi's commentary on Pei Songzhi quotes the Shiyu: Yang Xiu "was twenty-five years old, and his son was talented and was instrumented by Taizu. The Ding Yi brothers all want to take zhi as their heir. The crown prince suffered from it, and was scrapped by car, and the inner court song was long Wu Qiang and plotted. Repaired to Bai Taizu, did not have time to deduce. The prince was afraid, and he questioned, "What trouble, tomorrow he will be deceived by the silk cart, and the repair will be repeated, and the white will be pushed, and if there is no test, he will be guilty." 'The son of the world is from it, and the fruit is white, but there is no one, and Taizu is suspicious. Pei Songzhi's commentary on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, and Wu Zhi quotes Wei Luo: "The King of Wei tasted the expedition, and Shizi and Linzi Houzhi were sent to the side of the road. Zhi praised merit, spoke with chapters, left and right subordinates, and Wang Yiyueyan. Shizi was afraid of himself, and Wu Zhi'er said: 'The king should do it, and the drooling can also be done.' And the son of the world wept and prayed, and the king and his right and left were weeping, so they all planted many words, and their sincerity was not enough. It can be said that Wu Zhidang was Cao Pi's think tank, which made Cao Pi look up to him.

However, Wu Zhi is not on the edge of literature. Pei Songzhi's commentary on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi and Wu Zhi quotes Wei Luo: "And Hebei Pingding, the great general (Cao Pi) was the son of the world, and The quality was seated with Liu Zhensheng. When Zhen sat down to condemn him, he was the head of the song and later moved to Yuancheng Ling. Four years later, Wu Zhi returned to Beijing to report for duty, and Cao Pi feasted on Wu Qian, entertaining the long-lost Wu Qian, for whom Cao Zhi wrote "The Book with Wu Ji Chong", saying a little bit of righteousness, hoping that Wu Qianneng would "open my eyes for me"; Of course, there are also mentions of Wu Qian's arrogance and arrogance based on cao Pi's support. Wu Zhi wrote the "Book of Answers to the King of Dong'a", stating that "Zhi Nai Li Xuan Que, Pai Jin Men, Sheng Yu Tang, Fu Xu Si in the front hall, and walking near the Qu Pond" is nothing more than "the Yi of the Yang Shi of the Plains", and it is really "ashamed of the talent of Mao Sui Yaoying", revealing the heart of the warrior with false prestige. As for the matter of "Zhang Mu", Wu Qian used the phrase "Confucianism and ink are different, fixed with literature" to prevaricate Cao Zhi. This answer book, with its rich and beautiful words and dense scriptures, is pretended to be "ashamed of the talent of Yaoying", and is closely arranged before and after, which can also be said to have the atmosphere of Jian'an literature of "writing articles with qi as the main body" (Lu Xun: "Only Collection").

Twenty years after Jian'an, Chen Lin, Ying Yue, Liu Zhen, Xu Gan, etc. successively took their lives for the epidemic, and Cao Pi compiled a collection of essays by Chen Lin and others. Edited, overwhelmed with emotion, composed "Book with Wu Quality". Cao Pi's text, which runs through the spirit of the "Treatise on Classics and Papers", boasts about the "immortality" of Chen Lin and others, and at the same time laments the shortness of life: "The years have grown up, the nostalgia is full of worries, and there are worries at times, until the night is not clear." When will it be, revert to the past, have become an old man, but not a white ear!" Between the lines, it is full of nostalgic true feelings. Of course, when Cao Cao was still in power, Cao Pi could only disclose his mind to Wu Zhi, a kindred spirit. In response to Cao Pi's sentimentality, Wu Qian could not help but feel self-sentimental: "How can a subject be alone, and it will last a long time." However, Wu Qian's self-sentimentality is nothing more than expressing sympathy for Cao Pi's remembrance of Chen Lin and others, but the real purpose is to praise Cao Pi for the length of the number of children after counting Chen Lin's shortfalls: "Fu Wei Tian, The Field of Fu You Classics, the Rest chapter, the Speech resistance, exhaustion of reasoning, brushing the brush, luan long wen fending." As for nianya, Wu Zhi claimed that he was forty years old, and Shang Si "wanted to touch the head of the Hun and show his use for splitting"; Moreover, Cao Pi was only "The King of Qi Xiao (referring to Liu Xiu, the Emperor of Han Guangwu)", and he was "a hundred talents", which was the time to make meritorious achievements, and it was not appropriate to fall into his own ambitions. The "Reply to the Notes of the Prince of Wei" should be said to be a private correspondence between Wu Qian and Cao Pi, and there is no lack of heroism in terms of their various branches. However, as a judgment of history, it can be seen that Wu Qian is on the side of Cao Pi.

Cao Pi also wrote a "Book of Wu Quality with the Song of the Dynasty", and Wu Pi also had a reply to the book "In Yuancheng and prince Wei". When Cao Pi wrote a book on the occasion of his military service, he recalled the scene of his excellent travels with Wu Zhi and others in Hebei in the past, and had the heart to wash away the mundane affairs and remember old friends. Wu Qian's newspaper, on the other hand, inherited Cao Pi's will, ostensibly to be grateful to Dade and hoped to make a career in a remote and remote place; But deep inside, it is borrowed from Sun that he can't reason out: "Zhang is open, and he claims to be unremarkable; Chen Xian was indignant and thought about the capital, but did he talk about exaggeration and exaggerate the world?" He was able to get help from Cao Pi to return to Kyoto. The article is winding and winding, like writing about the yuancheng style, and the history is also clear and picturesque; As for the lyricism, it also has the afterglow of Jian'an literature's sadness and generosity.

Due to Wu Qian's consolidation of Cao Pi, after Cao Pi overthrew Han Li Wei, Wu Pi was promoted to the rank of general of Zhenwei and assumed the title of Governor of Hebei, and was once proud of it. Wu Zhi had a certain literary talent, but he did not obtain a historical status by literature, but he plotted to rise slightly, so there were not many works transmitted, but he and Cao Pi's reply letters were accompanied by Cao Zhi's literary name and Cao Pi's authority in the "Anthology"; There is another poem, Pei Songzhi's annotation "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is stored in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

Historical records

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu 21, Linzhang County Chronicle