Song Shi Qu Ask 100 Questions · 11 · " Yang Liulang "ranked sixth in the story of the Yang family generals, but the history books recorded that he was the boss, which is true?"
Yang Yanzhao (statue)
"Yang Liulang" is the sixth son of Yang (inherited) in the novels, operas and folklore of the Yang family, so he is called Yang Liulang, Yang Liulang "surname Yang, name Jing, character Yan Zhao".
The Yang family will make Yang Liulang in the story a "su miao dipped golden gun", a battle at the golden beach, Yang Liulang's eldest brother Yang Yanping disguised as Song Taizong to negotiate with the Liao state, Yang Liulang and other brothers to protect. During the negotiations, the Liao state 'King Tianqing' discovered that "Song Taizong" was pretending to be Yang Yanping and ordered war. Yang Ye led his sons to fight and kill the enemy, the Liao army increased sharply, the Yang family would be scattered, and Yang Liulang would break out of the siege and return to China alone. After Yang Liulang returned to the capital, he sued Pan Renmei for framing the Yang family, but because Song Taizong's concubine was Pan Renmei's daughter, the complaint was unsuccessful. The Yang family asked the prime minister Kou Zhun for help, and Kou Zhun used the ghost god theory to trick Pan Renmei into telling the truth. However, because Concubine Pan pleaded bitterly, Song Taizong did not accede to the Yang family's request and beheaded Pan Renmei, but instead sent Pan Renmei to the army. Yang Liulang was not convinced, and with the help of Kou Zhun, he beheaded Pan Renmei in the Black Pine Forest to avenge his father and brother. Later, Yang Liulang rescued the driver at Tong (Tong) Taiguan, and the official Baoling Marquis and the Jingun Ban of the Dianqian Division were all commanded, and married the descendant of the Later Zhou Emperor Chai Rong, "Lord of Cheshire", as his wife, and served as the marshal of the "Three Passes" until he died of illness.
The legendary character of "Yang Liulang" has his prototype.
First, Yang Yanzhao's deeds
The History of Song Vol. 272 Liechuan No. 31 has the Biography of Yang Ye, which is accompanied by the appendages of his son Yang Yanzhao and Yang Wenguang, the son of Yang Yanzhao, the epitaph of Yang Jun, the deputy envoy of the Supply Library, Zeng Gong's "Longping Collection", and Wang Wei's "Eastern Capital Chronicles", which also record the deeds of Yang Ye and Yang Yanzhao's father and son.
According to the Biography of Yang Ye, during the battle against the Liao state in the third year (986) of Emperor Taizong of Song's reign (986), Yang Ye was victimized by the overseer Wang Nong and the main general Pan Mei, and was seriously wounded and captured by the Liao army, and died of hunger strike. The Court of the Song Dynasty solemnly rewarded Yang Ye and "appointed his son Yan Lang as the deputy envoy of Chongyi, the second son of The Hall of Direct Yanpu and Yan Xun as the worship official, and Yan Gui, Yan Gui, and Yan Bin as the Dian Zhi." ”
Yang Yanzhao (958-1014), whose real name was Yanlang, later changed his name to Yang Yanzhao because Emperor Zhenzong of Song recognized the immortal Zhao Xuanlang as his ancestor, and Yang Yanlang changed his name to Yang Yanzhao to avoid the "Lang" character in Zhao Xuanlang's name.
When Yang Yanzhao was a child, he was silent and taciturn, and he loved to play the game of platooning, Yang Ye once said: "This son is like me." "When Yan Zhao grew up, Yang Ye took him with him every time he went out to fight. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Song (976-983), Yan Zhao was appointed as the emperor's bodyguard "worship officer", but still served in his father's army.
In the third year of Emperor Taizong of Song (986), Yang Ye, as the deputy general of the Song Dynasty's Western Route Army, led an army with the main general Pan Mei and the overseer Wang Nong to attack the liao states of Ying (in present-day Ying County, Shanxi) and Shuo (朔州, in present-day Shuozhou, Shanxi), and Yan Zhao served as the vanguard.
Yang Ye was martyred by Wang You and Pan Mei, and the Song court promoted Yan Zhao to be the "ambassador" of the emperor's side, that is, the senior bodyguard "Deputy Envoy of Chongyi", and was actually appointed to the zhizhou of Jingzhou (景州, in modern Dongguang, Hebei). At that time, the harvest in the Jianghuai and Huaihuai regions was poor, and the imperial court also appointed Yan Zhao as an inspector of the jiangsu and huainan capitals, responsible for maintaining public order in the jianghuai region. Later, he was promoted to Chongyi envoy, and was actually appointed as the zhijun of the Dingyuan Army (治今東光, in modern Dongguang, Hebei), and was reappointed as the inspector of the border capital of Baozhou (治州, in present-day Baoding, Hebei), and was promoted to "Envoy of Rujing".
In the winter of the second year (999) of Emperor Zhenzong of Song's Xianping Dynasty, the Liao state invaded the Song border, and Yan Zhao led an army to garrison Suicheng (in present-day northwest of Xushui, Hebei). Suicheng City is small, and there is no defense, the Liao state attack is very urgent, continuous siege for several days, the people in the city are very afraid, Yan Zhao gathered all the Ding Zhuang in the city, issued them armor and weapons, and climbed the city to hold on. Just one night there was a big cooling, the weather was extremely cold, Yan Zhao ordered the soldiers and civilians to draw water, splashed the water on the city wall, and when they got up early, the water on the city wall was all frozen, hard and slippery, and could not be climbed, the Liao army had to retreat, Yan Zhao led the crowd to attack, and captured a lot of armor and weapons. After the war, Yan Zhao was promoted to the post of Assassin of Mo Prefecture (Mo Prefecture( in present-day Renqiubei, Hebei) for his merits.
When Yan Zhao was holding suicheng, Emperor Zhenzong of Song was stationed in Daming (大名, in modern Daimyo, Hebei), and the Commander of the Song Army, Fu Qian, garrisoned Zhongshan (中山, in modern Dingzhou, Hebei). Yan Zhao and the other two generals of the Song army, Yang Si and Shi Pu, repeatedly asked Fu Qian to increase his troops and fight against the Liao army, but Fu Qian rejected them. After Fu Qian was punished by the imperial court, Emperor Zhenzong of Song summoned Yan Zhao to the "Xingzai", the location of the "Imperial Camp", and talked to Yan Zhao many times, asking Yan Zhao about important border defense matters. Yan Zhao's response was very satisfactory to Song Zhenzong, and Song Zhenzong pointed to Yan Zhao and said to several princes who were with him: "Yan Zhao's father Yang Ye was a famous general of the former dynasty, and Yan Zhao's soldiers guarded the plug, and he had the style of a father, which is very worthy of commendation." "After giving Yan zhao a lot of money and goods, let him return to his post."
Soon after, the Liao state invaded the south again, and Yan Zhao ambushed the elite troops on the west side of Yangshan Mountain, 50 miles west of Suicheng, and then led his army to attack the Liao army from the north, and after the engagement, the battle and retreated, leading the Liao army into the ambush circle. The ambushed Song army suddenly rushed out, the Liao army was defeated, the Song army captured the liao army general, beheaded him, and dedicated the first rank to the imperial court. Yan Zhao was promoted to the rank of envoy of the Mozhou regiment because of his military merits, and was promoted together with Yang Si of Baozhou Zhizhou. Song Zhenzong said to the chancellor: "Neither Yang Si nor Yan Zhao is a close person to Yuan, but they can serve the country with loyalty and bravery. Many people in the court were jealous of them and did their best to protect them, and they finally had today. ”
In the fifth year of Xianping (1002), the Liao state invaded Baozhou, and Yan Zhao and Yang Si raised reinforcements, but before they could form a position, they were attacked by the Liao army and lost many soldiers. The imperial court ordered Li Jixuan and Wang Ting to take over their duties and recall them to the capital to prepare to punish them. Song Zhenzong said: "Yan Zhao and Yang Si have always been known for their bravery in battle, and they can not be punished for their sins first, so as to see the consequences later. "Forgive them.
Song Zhenzong
In the summer of the sixth year of Xianping, when the Liao state invaded Wangdu (present-day Wangdu, Hebei), Li Jixuan did not dare to meet the enemy, did not advance, was demoted, and used Yanzhao as an inspector of the capital around Baozhou. At that time, the imperial court was studying the strategy of "preventing autumn", that is, the strategy of preventing the Liao state from invading at the time of autumn high horse fat, and Emperor Zhenzong of Song issued an edict specifically instructing Yan Zhao and Yang Si to write a chapter explaining the stakes. Afterwards, Yan Zhao was transferred to the post of commander of the ningbian army (in present-day Li county, Hebei) to be "deployed".
In November of the first year (1004) of the first year of Emperor Zhenzong of Song,000, Empress Xiao of the Liao State and Emperor Shengzong of Liao led an army of 200,000 to conquer the Song Dynasty. Emperor Zhenzong of Song issued an edict to increase the number of troops to the Ningbian Army, increasing Yanzhao's troops to 10,000 men, and if the Liao cavalry entered Kou, it was stationed east of the Jing'an Army (in present-day southeastern Shenzhou, Hebei). The Liao army advanced extremely quickly, and soon reached Liaozhou, which was less than 400 miles away from the Song dynasty capital kaifeng. Yan Zhao said to Emperor Zhenzong of Song: "The Liao army is stationed in Liaoyuan, thousands of miles away from the border, and there are few people and horses, although there are many soldiers, but the looted materials are on horses, and it is easy to defeat." Please strictly order all the departments, hold the main road, the Liao army can annihilate it when it passes, even if the Liao state has the prefectures of You, Yi, etc., can also take advantage of the situation. But Song Zhenzong did not reply to him. Without waiting for Song Zhenzong's reply, Yan Zhao took the initiative to attack and led an army to attack the territory of the Liao State, attacking the ancient city (in present-day Fucheng, Hebei Province, 20 miles east of the ancient town), and killing and capturing many Liao people.
In December, Song Liao made peace and signed the "Alliance of Liaoyuan". After the peace agreement was reached, Emperor Zhenzong of Song selected the border state sheriffs, personally wrote a list to the prime minister, and appointed Yan Zhao as the inspector of Baozhou Zhizhou and the border capital.
In the second year of Jingde, the imperial court once again praised Yan Zhao for his merits in defending the imperial palace in the previous year's war, promoted Yan Zhao to the position of defense envoy of Baozhou, and soon changed Yan Zhao to the deputy capital of Gaoyangguan (高阳關, in present-day Eastern Gaoyang, Hebei).
However, Yan Zhao was not familiar with administrative affairs, and after 9 years of garrisoning Gaoyang Pass, the military Chinese and litigation matters, and often sent a low-level officer "minor colonel" Zhou Zheng to deal with it on his behalf. When Emperor Zhenzong of Song learned of this, he ordered that Zhou Zheng be returned to the military camp, not allowed to participate in government affairs, and admonished Yan Zhao to do a good job in government affairs.
In the seventh year (1014) of Emperor Zhenzong of Song's reign, Yan Zhao died at the age of 57.
The "History of Song" appends the last record of the biography, Yan Zhaozhi was brave and good at war, and all the rewards he received were rewarded to his subordinates, and he did not pay attention to family affairs; there were very few followers in and out, just like the low-level officer "little colonel", who gave strict orders, shared happiness and hardships with the soldiers, and must be the first soldiers in the face of the enemy; winning battles always gave credit to his subordinates, so the generals were willing to be under his command. Yan Zhao was in border defense for more than twenty years, and the soldiers and civilians of the Liao state were afraid of him and regarded him as "Liu Lang".
When Yan Zhao died, Song Zhenzong was very sad and lamented, and sent emissaries from the palace to protect him and transport his coffin back to the capital, and many people in the Heshuo area saw the coffin pass by and wept and shed tears. In order to repay Yan Zhao's merits, the imperial court hired his three sons as officials, and his retinue and disciples were also promoted after passing the examination of martial arts.
Second, the origin of the title "Yang Liulang"
According to the Biography of Yang Ye of Song Shi, after Yang Ye's martyrdom, the Song court "appointed his son Yan Lang as the deputy envoy of Chongyi, the second son of the hall directly Yanpu and Yanxun as the worship officer, and Yan Gui, Yan Gui, and Yan Bin as the dian zhi." It can be seen from this that Yang Yanzhao is Yang Ye's eldest son, not the sixth elder, so why do the soldiers and civilians of the Liao State regard him as "Liu Lang" because they are afraid of him, and the Yang family also calls him "Yang Liu Lang" in the story?
1. The soldiers and civilians of the Liao State, fearing Yang Yanzhao, called him "Liu Lang", which may be related to the astrological myth.
When the History of Song and the Chronicle of the Continuation of Zizhi Tongjian recorded Yang Yanzhao's deeds, they all said that "he had been in border defense for more than twenty years, and the Khitan was afraid of it, and his purpose was Liulang." "目", here is the "use of nouns" in old Chinese grammar, that is, the meaning of "as seen and seen".
The "Liu Lang" in the Liao population may be derived from the legend of "Wolf Star" in astronomical mythology. In China's ancient astronomical book "Elephant Star Chart", it is said that "the six stars of the Nandou are the main military machines, and they are the elephants of the generals"; the "Kaiyuan Zhanjing, Volume 68" quotes the "Jingzhou Zhan" as saying: "Wolf Star, Qin, Nanyi also." The name is hou, a tianji, and a tianling. The wolf thief thief, the arc of the sky bow, the prepared thief also. Therefore, the wolf shoots the wolf in the arc, the one who is straight, and the wolf does not dare to waver, then there is no thief and the soldier cannot afford it. Shaken, bright, multi-mang, discolored as usual, Hu Bing big talk", "the lord's sign of aggression".
As the "elephant of the great general", the Nandou Six Stars are the "Wolf Star" and the "Wolf Thief", Yang Yanzhao has been stationed in Yandi for a long time, fought against the Liao Army, and repeatedly won victories, killing and capturing many Liao soldiers and civilians, and the Liao Military and Civilian Army regarded him as the "Nandou Six Stars" and "Wolf Star" under the mortals, and it is understandable to regard him as "Liu Lang".
Sirius
2. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the Central Plains region popular "big ranking" called brother, or according to the same grandfather, or according to the same great-grandfather, the same generation according to age ranking size, such as the Song Dynasty famous minister Fan Zhongyan's son Fan Chunchun, ranked fourth in the family, but in the "big ranking" but ranked fifth, people called him "Fan Wuzhang". Therefore, although Yang Yanzhao is the eldest son of Yang Ye, he may be ranked sixth in the "big ranking", and he also has the title of "Yang Liulang".
3. The legend of Yang Liulang's garrison area
Yang Liulang was stationed in the northern frontier of the Song Dynasty for more than 20 years, fought countless battles with the Liao State, won many battles, became a generation of famous generals, and left many legends.
According to legend, the village of Wanniu Zhang in Fengxiang Township, Nanpi County, Hebei Province, is the place where Yang Liulang laid the yak array. When Yang Liulang was stationed here, the Liao soldiers repeatedly violated the border, and in order to skillfully eliminate the enemy who came to attack, Yang Liulang secretly sent people to bribe more than 10,000 yaks, feed them with straw people's abdomen, wear Liao soldiers' clothing, and lure the cattle to use the knives tied by the horns to provoke the grass people's abdomen to eat. After more than a hundred days of training, the cattle saw those wearing the costumes of the Northern Soldiers and violently picked them with their horns. Yang Liulang saw the yak training, ordered the cattle to starve for three days and three nights, and then sent people to the Liao camp to challenge, waiting for the Liao soldiers to pursue, release the ten thousand cattle, the yak rushed into the enemy position, and when they saw people, they picked, and the Liao soldiers were killed and wounded countless times. The Song army won a complete victory. Since then, this place has been named Yak Array. Later, because there were many Zhang surnames in the village, it was renamed "Wanniu Zhang". In 1958, when the water conservancy was built, stone troughs for feeding cattle and large tanks for drinking cattle were dug up in front of the village.
According to the county records, this platform was "several meters high and seven acres wide", which was "built by the Song general Yang Ye", also known as "LiuLang Tai", and it is said that Yang Liulang once trained people and horses here to prepare for the Liao army to attack. According to the investigation, among the 55 villages built in Yongqing County in the Song Dynasty, there are 33 villages whose names are related to the Song and Liao wars (including the camp name that is used in the Song Dynasty), among which there is "Yang Guan Camp", which is rumored to have camped here; "Lao Juntang", 200 meters south of the village, there was originally a temple, named Lao Junguan, and it is said that She Dajun led his troops to camp here, so it was named "Lao Juntang".
Since 1964, when irrigating and taking soil in Qigang, Guzhuangtou, Xingcun and other places in Xiongxian County, green brick structure caves have been discovered, and sauce glaze cylinders, projectiles, iron hammers and other objects have been unearthed, which have been identified by experts as underground passages used for military defense in the Song and Liao dynasties. Ming Jiajing's Twenty-sixth Year (1547) "Bazhou Chronicle" records: "Yingma Cave, ruled by Yang Yanzhao, began in the city, Tongxiong County, and every time he encountered a prisoner, he would be a teacher." "Bazhou was known as "Yijin Pass" during the Song and Liao Dynasties, and together with Gaoyang Pass and Waqiao Pass (southwest of present-day Xiongxian County, Hebei Province), it was called "Three Passes", all of which were once within Yang Yanzhao's jurisdiction, so there is a beautiful talk of "Yang Liulang Wei zhen three passes" in history.
Ancient tunnels in Xiongxian County, Hebei Province
References: "Song Shi Yang Ye Biography", "Yang Yanzhao Biography", Song Zeng Gong "Longping Collection", Li Tao "Continuation of Zizhi Tong Jianchang Compilation", Wang Called "Eastern Capital Chronicle"