Zhao Mengfu was a talented literary artist of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He was the grandson of the King of the Song Dynasty, who was astute and studious since childhood, and in his youth and middle age, he made great achievements in the fields of classics and history, literature, calligraphy and painting, gold stones, and music, and was the first of the famous "Wuxing Eight Juns". After entering the Yuan, he was recommended to enter the dynasty, and was highly favored, and he was honored and favored, and he was a scholar of Hanlin, a scholar of Ronglu, who was rich and prominent, but he never slackened off in the study and practice of calligraphy and painting, and finally opened his face, reached the peak, and tried to correct the accumulation of habits in the late Southern Song Dynasty, opening up a new generation of new winds, and the depth and breadth of its influence were comparable to that of all the people of the same generation.
Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy, like his paintings, is not only good at all kinds of bodies, but also has achieved great achievements in truth, grass, lili, and seal. In particular, his Kai and Xing are even more vigorous in pursuing the Jin and Tang Dynasties, gathering the strengths of all the people, integrating and coherently, becoming their own dashing and beautiful, Langrun Qinghua, and the charm of the "Book of Zhao" that has both ancient meaning and modern appearance. Xian Yushu said that "Zi Ang Seal, Li, Zhen, Xing, and QiangCao are the first in the contemporary era", which should be sincere.
Zhao's calligraphy has been passed down a lot, first, because it is very diligent in seeking and writing, and on the other hand, it has always been cherished and properly preserved. However, most of his handwritings are now attributed to the world's major museums, and very few folk remain. Zhao Shu's "Zhi Zongyuan's General Manager" that appeared in China Guardian this spring is a rare hand ink of Zhao Mengfu in the auction market in the past two decades.
This code has a total of 10 lines, counting 101 words, and the above paragraph is "Zongyuan General Manager Xiang Gongzun Family Sits In Front". The content is to report on the difficulties of the journey after the farewell, and the bureaucratic troubles after taking office in Jinan. He also expressed guilt for the two families who "had to be entrusted with marriage contracts" because their families were poor and "could not be as polite as they were". The book was sent shortly after his arrival. By the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu was put in charge of the affairs of Tongzhi Jinan Road, and arrived in Jinan in November to take office, the specific time of the seventh day of the month. This was obtained by experts at the end of the last century from a letter from Zhao Mengfu to Tian Shi Meng. The "Zhi Zongyuan General Manager" is written more directly and clearly: "Along the way, the river is frozen and jinwa, and it is extremely difficult to prepare, and on November 7, Fang Fang went to Jinan, led Gou An, and all came out of the giant qian." Jinan Landscape jia in Shandong, but the official affairs are tedious and can not be timed, so far has not been able to visit. This book makes the ZhitianShi Mengzha, by which the families have studied, no longer become an isolated witness.
Zhao Mengfu also wrote a letter to his relatives during his appointment in Jinan, "Xingshu to Ji Zongyuan Erzha" (actually a zha, reference figure 1) in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The first four lines of the ZhaZha (including the above paragraph) are missing, and the descendants of the Ji clan fill in the Ming "Jiajing according to the family ride", and the upper paragraph is "Zongyuan Governor Xiang Gong Zun Family Excellency". After the scroll, there are Ming Zhang Yi, Deng Yun, and others changba, mentioning the believer Haiyu Jigong "Zhen Yuan, Zi Zongyuan, in the Yuan dynasty as the governor of Puzhou Road." The fifth volume of the Ji Clan Genealogy of Changshu contains a small biography of Ji Yuan: "Yuan Zi Zongyuan, The Great Virtue First Grant Deng ShiLang, Rich in Literature, Liberal Arts and Good Ancient, Knowledgeable and Discerning, All Artifacts and Calligraphy and Painting Once they have been tasted, true or false cannot escape." Wu xing Zhao Wenmin's son Ang deeply loved and respected, so he married him. There are many people who travel to and from Jianzha, and the descendants are kept, and the officials are the governor of Puzhou Road. The "Genealogy of the Ji Clan" also has a preface to the revision of the genealogy of the dynasties, and the Yuan Dynasty Xiu's "Order of the Branches of the Ji Clan of Haiyu" was written by Zhao Mengfu at the request of Ji Yuan. He wrote in the Preface: "Now that it has been passed down to the general manager of the Puzhou Road, he can be good in the world, and his genealogy will not be abolished... The daughter of the ancestors and the Ji clan was attached to Luo, and the son of the chief steward, Ke Zhao, was also the nephew of Yu Zhiguan, and he was friendly to Du Ye. From the above records, it can be seen that this general manager of Puzhou Road, who was in-laws of Zhao Mengfu's generations, was not only a scholar of literature (Ji Yuan wrote the "Jigulou Anthology"), but also a connoisseur and collector with excellent vision, and it is no wonder that Zhao Mengfu will report in detail the Tang and Song Dynasty famous deeds he saw in the north in the "Xingshu to Ji Zongyuanza". The common hobby allowed them to add a "friendship to Tukya" friendship in addition to their relatives.
The son-in-law of the Zhao family, Ke Zhao, the son-in-law of the Zhao family mentioned in the above-mentioned "Order of the Ji Clan of Haiyu", is also recorded in the "Genealogy of the Ji Clan": "Ke Zhao, zi duan shi, the third son of Yuan, Shi Yuan is the secretary Lang." At this point, we can suddenly understand that the "third brother" who was repeatedly mentioned in the Forbidden City's collection "Xingshu Zhi Ji Zongyuan Erzha" who once lived with Zhao Mengfu in the Jinan mansion was the son-in-law of the Zhao family, Ji Yuan's third son, Ji Kezhao. (According to expert research, in the Zhao Shuzha, "all those who call themselves 'brothers' are juniors, while those who call their own brothers are called brothers," quite true.) No wonder Zhao Mengfu wanted to apologize frequently to Ji Yuan for "leading Gou An" (Jia Deza) in Jinan for affecting Ke Zhao: "The third brother did not come with Xiao Xiao, and he knew that he was tired. It is fate that Xiao is not troubled by this, and the third brother is the same because of his unhappiness, and he is ashamed of himself. So in a disgruntled situation, "Elder Xiaoshi sent him home." "The home that the third brother returned to is naturally the home of the Ji clan in Changshu." Therefore, for Zhao Mengfu's "distress" in Jinan, "all the third brothers have seen here, when they can respect the family road one by one" also.
The forbidden city has collected Zhao Mengfu's "Xingshu Zhizong Yuanzha" written date has been identified by experts as to February 22, 31 yuan, about one year later than the "Zhizongyuan Guanzha", the two zha not only have the same title, but also the content is continuous. Kao Zongyuan is also surnamed Ji, and Guo Tianxibao called him Ji Zongyuan of Wu County after mi fu's "Coral Thesis". (Changshu is wu county) From another inscriptionist in this post, Shi Guangyuan and Ji Zongyuan's own trekker, it can be seen that he was also an insightful connoisseur. At present, zhao Mengfu has not seen that Zhao Mengfu has two Wu County's relatives with the surname Ji Dang, and Zong Yuan and Zong Yuan should be the same person - they are both Ji Yuan's "characters".
As we all know, in addition to "name", the ancients also had "characters" and "numbers". There can be one word or two. The small biography of the predecessors has "word ××", and the word "××", which is so. And this "another word" is often synonymous or homophonous with another "word". For example, Guo Tianxi of Yuan, Zi Youzhi, Zhao Mengfu and other friends call him Guo Youzhi in inscriptions, poems and books, which shows that he is also right. Northern Song Dynasty painter Wang Yi, "The character Jinqing, the present Indian text is used 'jin', the cover word is universal." (See Zhou Mi's "Records of Clouds and Smoke Passing Through the Eyes" and "Zhi ya tang miscellaneous banknotes"). Wang Jinqing also wrote Jinqing, which is not contained in other texts, just as the books do not contain Guo Youzhi and the right character; Ji Zongyuan and Zongyuan. There is more evidence of the situation of "universal characters" in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Xianyi character is younger than, and the word friend is yu; Zhang Shu character Mengchen, also the word Mengchen; Qi Xun character Bo Ping, also the word Bo Ping. They are all homophones of "universal word". Zongyuan and Zongyuan are homophonous, and they are both Ji Yuan's characters that should not be wrong.
After knowing that JiaDezha and the forbidden City Zha believers are the same person, and then reading the Erzha in a coherent manner, a Zhao Mengfu who was in jinan appeared in front of us alive.
Let's try to see Zhao Mengfu's living state at this time from the Erzha: "Meng Fu is very fortunate, he has been entrusted with a marriage contract, the first poor family, all who cannot be polite, forgive me, will not have time." Shuzha said this at the beginning, naturally it was not long after the marriage. It can be seen that the Zhao family took advantage of Zhao Mengfu's return from Dadu to visit his relatives, and incidentally handled this family affair. The word "hundred noes" just shows that although the family is poor, for the Famous and Prestigious Zhao Clan, all kinds of etiquette can still not be reduced. After that, he rushed to the office in the autumn rain "the river is frozen and the river is frozen and the preparation is extremely difficult" (Jiadezha). "Jinan Shanshuijia is in Shandong, but the official affairs are tedious and cannot be bothered, and they have not been able to visit so far." (Jia Dezha) "Meng Fu is tired of living here. Live by... See the stars out, carry the stars and return, book will be held, the situation is conceivable. (Forbidden City)
Erzha also deals with his official status: because of his superior's inadmissibility, "it is not for him to suffer from this, but to be taken for granted." There is also the economic status: historical records prove that Zhao Mengfu's family was not in a good situation around forty years, and the two zha had blunt statements: "The first poor family, all the hundred can not be as polite, forgive me." (Gardza) "Only the poor are overwhelmed, and they are extremely disturbed!" "After repeatedly complaining, I still have to apologize to my relatives. On his way to Jinan, he was "extremely difficult to prepare, all out of the giant", (JiaDezha) seems to have received ji Zongyuan's human and material sponsorship. As for his mental state, he sighed like this: "Lead the tired Gou An" (Jia Deza) "Live a good life, the situation is conceivable, of course, the fate of the house" is troubled and depressed, "do not dare to show up.". (Forbidden City)
Despite this, Zhao Mengfu, in the case of "wanting to tease the pen and yan as if it was not available in Jiangzuo", still accumulated habits and was concerned about the study and appreciation of ancient calligraphy and painting, and tirelessly wrote down his impressions in his letters. Regardless of the ups and downs of life, artistic pursuits always accompany his life, and the great artists who changed an entire era were born.
Although the book is small, the content of letters is so rich, and the important historical value of Zhao Mengfu's "Zhi Zongyuan Zongguan Za" is self-evident. Of course, its artistic value cannot be ignored either.
The Zhi Zongyuan Guanzha was written at the end of the 29th century. At this time, the thirty-nine-year-old Zhao Mengfu was in the peak of his artistic bravery. He began to study the Second King, handsome and exuberant, and the personal style of writing that he sprinkled with infiltration had basically taken shape. Because it is a practical book, there is no spiritual burden of writing scroll works such as inscriptions and tablets, it seems to be particularly stretched freely, light and heavy, gathered and dispersed, and the strength and talent have been more freely revealed. The first half of the painting is written quite round and thick, with a graceful attitude; the last few lines are beautiful and light, but they do not lose their refreshing posture. The whole passage is full of poetic rhythm. It has a blood-linked development relationship with the earlier "Zhi Guo Tianxi Feng Bei Ti" (reference figure 2, Japanese private collection) and slightly later than its "Xingshu Zhi Ji Zongyuan Erzha" and "Zhi Ming Yuan Ti Ju Zha" (reference figure 3, National Palace Collection, Taipei) in terms of physical style and style. In particular, its style characters are almost identical to the damaged "Meng Fu" in the "Zhi Ji Zongyuan Erzha", not only the glyphs are similar, but even the strokes start and end, and the weight of the press is almost the same, which can be sure that it is from the hand of one person. In the early days of the Book of Zhao, Meng Fu's "Meng" character, "Zi" in the middle of a horizontal long, and "dish" word a horizontal is extremely short, the opposite of the late model. Several of his early calligraphies, such as "Title Ouyang Inquiry Dream Dian Ti", "Zen Ti YuanLiu Kao" (reference figure 4), "Title Han Di Wu Niu Tu Bao" and the above "Zhi Guo Tianxi Feng Bei Ti", etc., although the style of writing is different, but the writing method of the falling money is the same, it can be seen that this habit of falling money has been maintained by Zhao Mengfu for many years.
In ancient times, when the information was opaque, the privateness and coherence of the contents of the calligraphy, the reliability of its conformity with the historical materials, and the blood relationship between the early, middle and late wind gods of calligraphy were difficult to forge. It is the most important basis for identifying this book.
According to the "Genealogy of the Ji Clan", Zhao Mengfu's books to the Ji clan were kept in the hands of the Ji family for a long time, and probably gradually disappeared in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. At the latest, during the Long (Qing) Wan (calendar) period, the Zhi Zongyuan General Manager Zha had entered the hands of the great collector Xiang Zijing, and the Xiang clan had the seals of "Merlin Shanren", "Xiang Yuan Bian Seal" and "Shen pin" on the right side of this zha. Xiang Zijing is an avid collector of Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy and paintings, and according to researchers, he has received nearly 100 Zhao paintings and calligraphy. His collection has given Zhao Mengfu another guarantee for the reliability of this book. On top of the "Xiangyuan Seal", there are also three-way Tibetan seals of "Yanshan Qing reward", "Examination and approval of the Shan people of The Pavilion" and "Pu Chao", and the surname of the Tibetan has not been tested. From its location, it was a Ming and Qing collector after the Xiang clan.
In the 1990s, it was introduced in the United States and quickly received a variety of attention. Mr. Wang Lianqi, an expert on Zhao Mengfu research, and many scholars affirmed it, and cited it and made arguments in their respective papers. The reliability of Zhao Mengfu's Zhi Zongyuan Guanzha and its own value are beyond doubt.