Dahe Newspaper, Dahe Financial Cube reporter Chen Yujing, Wen Ranheng, photography and video
Editor's Note
"Finance is an important core competitiveness of the country." In the century-old history of the Communist Party of China, red finance is an important content. From the budding of the Great Revolution, to the adversity during the Agrarian Revolution and the War of Resistance Against Japan, to the development and growth of the Liberation War, the red finance in the Central Plains has been endless and has an important influence on the history of China's red finance.
September this year is the 2021 Henan Provincial Financial Knowledge Popularization Month, and publicizing the history of red finance is also a top priority.
Where does the money for the people's army come from? Which financial institutions were active on the battlefield of the Central Plains Revolution? How does the "money bag" firmly support the "barrel of the gun"?
From now on, Dahe Bao, Dahe Caifang and the Zhengzhou Central Branch of the Chinese Bank launched a series of reports on "Red Finance in Henan", visiting the red financial relics of Xinyang, Zhumadian, Puyang, Anyang, Pingdingshan and other places, excavating the red financial stories behind them, inheriting the red genes, continuing the spiritual bloodline, and further promoting the study and education of party history.
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Among the more than 2,000 old red objects in Zhang Fusheng's collection, what he remembers most is a yellowed black-and-white old photograph, which records a group photo of all the managers of the ji'nan bank headquarters in the Luyu Border District of Jinji and Hebei.
△Group photo of all managers of the head office of Ji'nan Bank
The people in the photograph sit or stand in front of a building with a sense of age, and while they made important contributions to the economic work of the time, they also became an important force that later constituted the Chinese Bank today.
On July 12, reporters from Dahe Bao and Dahe Caifang went to the place where the photo was collected, Rencun Town, Linzhou City, Anyang City, to explore the red imprint of this red financial institution that played an important role during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.
The story behind a black-and-white photo
In the three-volt day, the ren villages and towns after the heavy rain are still hot.
But this does not stop Zhang Fusheng's enthusiasm for introducing the Linbei County Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall that he founded. Zhang Fusheng, a native of Rencun Town, began to collect red cultural relics related to Linbei County in 1989 in areas that once belonged to Linbei County and Changzhi City in Shanxi Province.
△ Linbei County Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall founded by Zhang Fusheng
Whether it is the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression or the War of Liberation, it is several decades away from today, and many photos and materials from the past have long been lost, which has also brought many difficulties to Zhang Fusheng's collection work. Zhang Fusheng chose the most clumsy method, riding to the former revolutionary area and setting up stalls to collect.
"When I go to a place, I set up a stall and write down what I want to collect, of course, it's all about money, and someone will ask." Zhang Fusheng told reporters.
In 32 years, Zhang Fusheng has traveled almost all over the former revolutionary areas such as Linbei County and Jinjiyu, and has gained a lot. At present, Zhang Fusheng has collected more than 2,000 red cultural relics, including books, documents, photos, teapots...
In 2003, Zhang Fusheng decided to exhibit the collected cultural relics to the public, the location is in his own home, Zhang Fusheng vacated two rooms on the first floor to display his collection, an area of more than 100 square meters, which is now the Linbei County Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall.
Linbei County in Zhang Fusheng's mouth has a specific historical background. In March 1940, the current Linzhou City was divided into two parts, Linxian County and Linbei County, Linbei County belonged to the fifth special district of Taihang District, Luyu Border District of Jinji, for the anti-Japanese base area, the memorial hall was named Linbei County, and it is precisely because of this history.
Talking about the starting point for collecting red cultural relics, Zhang Fusheng said that it was Beijing. After the reform and opening up, because Uncle Dabo was a soldier in Beijing, Zhang Fusheng also followed to make a living. At that time, the place where Zhang Fusheng worked was close to the Military Museum, so Zhang Fusheng often went in to see, and under the influence of the military museum and the red stories of his grandfather, Zhang Fusheng returned home and began to collect red cultural relics that occurred in his hometown.
This collection is 32 years.
Among them, the most impressive collection of Zhang Fusheng is the photo of Ji'nan Bank at the beginning of the article, which was born during the War of Resistance Against Japan and later became an important force in today's central bank.
On July 7, 1937, the Invading Japanese Army brazenly launched the Lugou Bridge Incident (also known as the "July 7 Incident") at the Lugou Bridge outside Wanping City, and the Chinese military and people rose up to resist, kicking off the prelude to the All-round War of Resistance of the Chinese nation. On August 22, the CENTRAL Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Luochuan, northern Shaanxi, at which it was decided that the three main divisions of the Eighth Route Army would immediately go to the anti-Japanese front in Shanxi, mobilize the masses, and create a consolidated anti-Japanese base area. After the meeting, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army and the 129th Division successively advanced into the Taihang Mountains, and relied on the southeast of Jin to create the Jin-Ji Luyu Anti-Japanese Base Area.
In order to persist in the protracted War of Resistance, after establishing political power, the base areas developed economic construction and issued their own currency. Therefore, in the Jinji-Hebei Luyu anti-Japanese base area, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army and the 129th Division led the establishment of the Ji'nan Bank, and the currency issued was called "Ji'nan Banknote" (also known as Ji'nan Coin).
The nine years from its establishment on October 15, 1939 to the merger with the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Bank into the North China Bank in 1948, the Bank of Jin-Nan experienced the glory years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.
During this period, in order to maintain the stability of the currency, expand the scope of circulation, ensure the use of military supplies, and promote the development of the economy and production in the border areas, the Bank of Ji'nan sought survival in the struggle against the enemy and counterfeit currencies, the credibility of the Ji banknotes changed from weak to strong, the circulation area from small to large, the scope of use from dispersion to unification, and countless contests were conducted with legal tenders, counterfeit union coupons, and counterfeit currencies, and finally unified the currency of the whole border area, established the status of the standard currency of the Ji banknotes, and established a unified money market. It became the standard currency of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Border Region and even several liberated areas in northern China, laying a solid foundation for the later issuance of the renminbi.
Also the old site is also a residence, Henan's "Ji'nan Bank"
The bank, which has played an important role in history, also has its own footprint in Henan.
1.5 kilometers away from the Linbei County Anti-Japanese Memorial Hall is the former site of The Ji'nan Bank in Henan, which was then the fifth branch of the Ji'nan Bank (hereinafter referred to as the fifth branch of the Taihang), and is now the home of a family of five in Cao Guodong.
△ The former site of the fifth branch of The Taihang Branch of Ji'nan Bank is now the home of Cao Guodong
It is a house with five houses wide, about 4 meters deep in front and back, two floors above and below, and the walls are mottled. From the appearance, it is not much different from the surrounding houses, but the sign hanging on the wall "The Former Site of the Bank of the Jinji-Hebei Yu Border District" (that is, the fifth branch of Taihang) shows its other identity.
Cao Guodong is very ordinary on the one hand for the fact that his house is a historical site, thinking that it is his home, on the other hand, he is also very enthusiastic. As soon as Cao Guodong entered the house, he took out the Ji banknotes once issued by the Ji'nan Bank and the inscription of Yang Gui, former secretary of the Linxian County Party Committee, on the fifth branch of Taihang, and other information about the fifth branch of Taihang.
Talking about the history of the fifth branch of Taihang, Cao Guodong frankly said that he was a common man, and he did not know much, "In addition to the sign outside the house, the government in the house also hung a sign, but now it can not be found."
Cao Guodong is 42 years old this year, and his grandfather was an old Red Army, but because he died early, he did not know much about the story of his grandfather," "It's been a long time, which remembers clearly." Cao Guodong said. But for the location of this house, Cao Guodong is still clear.
"This is the vault of the bank at that time, this is where they worked, there are eight immortal tables and chairs, this is the place of business, this wooden grille was also at that time, the quality is very good, it has not been broken, I repainted it a few years ago." Cao Guodong pointed to the former location and said.
Now, the place that used to be the vault is the bedroom of Cao Guodong's family, where two beds are placed, and the former business hall is the living room of Cao Guodong's family, many things are still there, but there are also many things that are no longer there, such as Ji banknotes.
According to Cao Guodong, when they moved in, there were many things in the house that had once been the fifth branch of Taihang. "I remember there were a lot of money at that time." Cao Guodong said.
Ban usury and invest the Ji'nan currency to maintain financial stability on one side
It was no accident that Cao Guodong had seen the Ji'nan coin, and one of the tasks of the fifth branch of Taihang was to lead the financial work in the region and release the Ji'nan coin.
△ Ji'nan coin
At the beginning of 1943, the head office of Ji'nan Bank set up the fifth branch of Taihang in ren villages and towns, equivalent to the current central branch level, with jurisdiction over a total of thirteen counties including Ci County, Xiang County, Wu'an, Lin County, Hui County, Xun County, Qi County, Tangyin, Neihuang, Huaxian County, Anyang County, Ye County, and Zhangnan County.
The task of the Fifth Branch of Taihang is to lead the financial work in the region, to release the Ji'nan currency, to collect gold and silver, and to fight against various enemy and counterfeit currencies. After the establishment of the fifth branch of Taihang, the branch has successively set up branches in the counties under its jurisdiction, improved the grass-roots institutions, and formed a relatively systematic financial network in the whole region.
In terms of specific business, taking the subordinate branch of the fifth branch of the Taihang Bank as an example, under the direct leadership of the higher-level bank and the county government, the Linxian branch of the Ji'nan Bank first banned the old money house and the usury activities of the money lending shop, and soon occupied the financial position of Linxian County and carried out various businesses.
The issuance of the Ji'nan coin is also an important task.
At the time of the establishment of the Linxian Bank, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, although Linxian was a liberated area, the anyang Shuiye area, which was more than fifty miles away from Linxian County, was still occupied by the enemy, and the enemy constantly harassed and destroyed the Base Area of Linxian County, and the situation was very unstable. Financial markets are also affected.
At that time, there were enemy currency counterfeiting organs in Taiyuan, Shanxi, Wu'an, and Anyang in Hebei, and they forged a large number of Ji'nan currency and threw them into the base areas to distort the real ones, in an attempt to undermine the credibility of The Ji banknotes and plunder the property of the base areas. At the same time, various currencies issued by the Kuomintang government and some other currencies circulated in the market to varying degrees, making it difficult to unify the currencies.
In order to rectify the financial market, the government of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Border Region issued a circular order in 1943 entitled "Absorption of Counterfeit Banknotes and Handed Over to banks for Handling", and the head office of The Bank of Ji'nan also issued a circular to the whole region on the identification and destruction of counterfeit currency, and formulated a currency management system, stipulating that the Ji'nan currency in the region is a legal currency, and the circulation of enemy counterfeit currency and other miscellaneous coins is prohibited. In accordance with the instructions of the superiors, the Linxian Bank, under the direct leadership and strong support of the government, quickly launched a struggle to identify and ban counterfeit currency, and then also exchanged other miscellaneous coins, quickly cleaned up other currencies, and ensured the absolute circulation of Ji coins.
At the same time, in order to ensure the issuance of The Southern Hebei Coin and control the outflow of gold and silver, the branches of the Fifth Branch of Taihang also began to collect gold, silver and copper dollars.
After the establishment of the Ji'nan Bank, the government of the Border Region issued a circular decree on June 1, 1943 on the "Interim Measures for the Protection of Cash And Prohibition of Silver Coins", stipulating that "all transactions in the region are generally based on the Ji'nan Bank banknotes, and other silver coins, cash and cash are prohibited from exercising, and all silver coins, cash and cash collected by the people shall be automatically held to the governments at all levels or the Ji'nan Bank for exchange of Ji'an banknotes, and those who do not want to exchange them shall not interfere with or confiscate them."
On March 27, 1947, the Linxian Branch of Ji'nan Bank issued a notice on the increase in the price of silver dollars. By adjusting the exchange price of silver dollars, the enthusiasm of the masses to exchange silver dollars increased, and soon a large number of silver dollars and silver were exchanged, effectively controlling the outflow of gold and silver.
Although the Fifth Branch of Taihang is only a branch of the head office of Ji'nan Bank, it is precisely such a capillary that goes deep into the base area and the masses, which constitutes a fuller history of China's red finance.
Planning: Zhengzhou Central Branch of Chinese Min min bank
Big River Newspaper, Big River Finance Cube
Coordinator: Gong Zhenguo, Ye Song, Wang Lufeng, Wan Junwei
Consultants: Chen Wei, Luo Bo, Wu Gesheng, Zhang Yaocheng, Wu Xiaobo, Zhang Fusheng, Li Xuxiao, Shen Xinhong, Xu Xianliang
Executive: Pei Rongrong, Ding Qian, Xu Bing, Chen Yujing
Vision: Zhu Zhe, Ran Heng, Xiao Xiaohui
Reviewers: Li Jinyu, Zhang Yipeng
Editors: Li Zhen, Li Zheng, Xu Jiao, Ding Xinpan, Chen Yuyao
Operation: Xie Jianbin
Producer: Dahe Caicui Investment And Education Base
Supporting units: People's Bank of China Xinyang City Center Branch, People's Bank of China Zhumadian City Center Branch, People's Bank of China Zhoukou City Center Branch, People's Bank of Puyang City Center Branch, People's Bank of China Anyang City Center Branch, People's Bank of China Pingdingshan City Center Branch, People's Bank of China Xinxian Branch, People's Bank of China Qishan County Branch, People's Bank of China Xihua County Branch, People's Bank of China Fan County Branch, People's Bank of China Linzhou City Branch, People's Bank of China Baofeng County Branch, People's Bank of China Lushan County Branch, Agricultural Bank of China Xinyang Branch Eyuwan Red Financial Culture Exhibition Hall, Queshan Rural Commercial Bank, Linzhou Rural Commercial Bank
Intern Editor: Gao Ruolin | Review: Li Zhen | Director: Wan Junwei