"The mouth is a little red, the body is green and thousands of stems, fresh and cold, recommended pineapple, and the taste is happy and the evening pineapple is the same." The north is too peaceful to be loaded, and the south is small to use baskets. The most nourishing blood says medical scriptures, and laboratory inventions are novel. This is the "Xijiang Yue Yong Pineapple" written by Yang Enyuan, a jinshi in the late Qing Dynasty.
Root-seeking
Spinach, or spinach, is an annual or biennial herb of the Amaranth subfamily Quinoa that was cultivated before 2000 and eaten on leaves and young stems. According to the New Book of Tang and the Biography of the Western Regions, in the 21st year of Emperor Taizong of Tang (647 AD), King Nebra sent emissaries into Tang to give pineapple and other things. The Nihmin kingdom of the Tang Dynasty was in the territory of present-day Nepal. The Tang Hui Zhi (唐会要) ze yun: "During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the Baltic Kingdom (present-day South India) offered bolin vegetables, red and blue, really like tribulus terrestris, and the fire cooked can be beneficial to food, and the alchemist is secretly called Persian grass." Wei Xuan's "Tales of Liu Guests" of the Tang Dynasty also has: "The pineapple of vegetables, there are monks in the Western Kingdom, from whom they bring their sons, such as alfalfa and putuo, because of Zhang Qian." Pineapple was originally a rather lingguo future, the language is deaf, and many do not know also. "Say. In summary, spinach is an exotic species, and spinach has been cultivated in China at the latest in the Tang Dynasty.
▲Spinach is cooked with tofu
Spinach has a well-developed main root, tender meat, sweet and edible taste. According to the leaf type and whether the seed has thorns, it can be divided into two categories: thorny species (also known as pointed leaf species) and thornless species (also known as round leaf species). Ancient Arabs worshiped spinach as the "king of vegetables", and according to Chinese legend, it was once the favorite food of the Qianlong Emperor. In one of his private visits to Jiangnan Micro Service, the hungry Qianlong Emperor occasionally entered a peasant's home, and the kind peasant woman was very enthusiastic when she saw the arrival of the guests, but there was no gourmet reception at home, and in desperation, the peasant woman sliced fresh tofu into the oil pot on both sides of the frying, and then picked spinach in the field and washed it and cooked it with tofu. Qianlong, who was tired of eating the taste of mountains and treasures in the temple, and was hungry at this time, in the face of this golden and oily green folk dish, he could not help but move his index finger, and after eating it in a big way, he was even more appreciative, and he urgently asked for the name of the dish, and the skillful peasant woman saw that this guest behaved decently, talked well, and replied casually: "The name of this dish is 'gold inlaid white jade plate, red-billed green parrot brother'. Qianlong was overjoyed to hear this, thinking that this dish not only tasted excellent, but even the name was so elegant, and then left a close folding fan and smiled away.
Feature interpretation
Spinach is also known as Persian grass, pineapple, parrot, red root, wyvern, etc., and its root groups are mainly distributed in the soil surface layer of 25 to 30 cm. The leaves are clustered, and the petioles are born on the short shrunken stem discs, and are rosette-shaped and dark green. Unisexual flowers are hermaphroditic, with a sex ratio of about 1:1, and occasionally there are hermaphroditic plants. The male flowers are spike-shaped or conical inflorescences, and the female flowers are clustered in the leaf axils. The fruit, each containing 1 seed, has a hard, leathery hull. According to the structure of the outer bracts of the fruit, it can be divided into two types: thorny and thornless. Spinach is a hardy vegetable and a long-day plant. The growth process requires more water, the effective water content of the soil is 70% to 80%, and the relative humidity of the air is 80% to 90%. The soil requirements are not strict, and ph7~8 is appropriate. There is a greater demand for nitrogen fertilizers, followed by phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers. Seeds can be sown in both spring and autumn. Autumn sowing is the mainstay, with a growth period of about 60 days.
Spinach is tenacious in vitality and still does not wither on the cold winter day (it withers at minus fifteen degrees, and its roots still survive at minus thirty-five degrees, see Spinach in the Agricultural Volume of the Encyclopedia of China). Su Shi, a gourmand of the Song Dynasty, has a poetic cloud: "The bitter cold in the north is not over, and the pineapple on the bottom of the snow is like iron armor; it is better to break the winter vegetables of Wushu, and the frost leaves and dew buds are colder." "It can be seen that spinach's cold resistance is extraordinary.
Nutritional analysis
According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Spinach passes through the blood veins, opens the chest, adjusts the qi, quenches thirst and moisturizes, and has a good root." "Modern medicine proves that spinach is not only soft and smooth stems and leaves, delicious and fresh, spinach is rich in vitamin a, vitamin C and minerals, especially vitamin a, vitamin C content is the crown of all vegetables, the content of human hematopoietic substance iron is also more than other vegetables, for gastrointestinal disorders, constipation, gout, skin diseases, various neurological diseases, anemia does have a special therapeutic effect, anti-alcohol poison and prevent alveolar pus leakage phenomenon also has a therapeutic effect." In addition, spinach is also rich in carotene, protein, as well as calcium, phosphorus and other minerals, in addition to eating fresh vegetables, it can also be dehydrated to dry and quick-frozen.
▲The nutritional value of spinach is extremely high
Spinach contains a lot of β carotene and iron, and is also an excellent source of vitamin b6, folic acid, iron and potassium. Spinach leaves contain chromium and an insulin-like substance that acts very similarly to insulin and stabilizes blood sugar. The rich content of B vitamins makes it able to prevent angular cheilitis, while β carotene can prevent the occurrence of vitamin deficiencies such as night blindness. Spinach contains a large number of antioxidants such as vitamin e and selenium elements, which have anti-aging and promote cell proliferation, which can not only activate brain function, but also enhance youth vitality, help prevent brain aging, and prevent Alzheimer's disease. A Harvard university study also found that middle-aged and elderly people who eat spinach 2 to 4 times a week, because of the intake of carotene (that is, provitamin a, because it is called vitamin A in animals and provitamin a in plants), can reduce the risk of retinal degeneration, thereby protecting vision.
Spinach is edible for the general population, especially with hemorrhoids, blood in the stool, habitual constipation, scurvy, hypertension, anemia, diabetes, night blindness and rough skin, allergies, laxity of the best food, but if there is a stomach weakness, loose stool, spleen and stomach weakness, kidney function weakness, nephritis and kidney stones and other diseases should not eat more. In addition, spinach should not be eaten with cucumbers, milk, calcium tablets, animal liver and other foods rich in high iron and copper to avoid poor metabolism or nutrient loss.
Cultivation method
Spinach can be divided into spring spinach (sown in March), summer spinach (sown in may-July), autumn spinach (sown in August to September), and wintering spinach (sown in mid-October to early November) according to seasonal sowing. Loose and fertile, water retention and fertilizer retention, good drainage and irrigation conditions, slightly acidic loam soil was selected, and the pH value was 5.5-7. When preparing the land, 4000 kg of organic fertilizer and 40 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu, and the leveling is fine, and the high furrows should be made in winter and spring, and the furrows should be flat in summer and autumn, and the furrow width is 1.2-1.5 meters.
Spinach fields are generally spread. Summer and autumn sowing is soaked in water for 12 hours 1 week before sowing, placed in a well or treated in a refrigerator or refrigerated cabinet at about 4 °C for 24 hours, and then germinated under conditions of 20-25 °C, and sown after 3-5 days of germination. Dry seeds or wet seeds can be sown in winter and spring, and 3-3.5 kg per mu can be sown. After the furrow surface is watered with plantar water, the topsoil is gently rakeed with a tooth rake, so that the seeds are sown into the soil, and the furrow surface is covered with a layer of grass and wood ash.
After summer and autumn sowing, it is necessary to cover the shade net with straw or use small arches to prevent high temperature and heavy rain from washing. Often keep the soil warm, 6-7 days can be seedlings, winter sowing temperature is low, then cover the furrow with plastic film or shade net insulation to promote seedlings, after the emergence of seedlings to remove.
When spinach is sown, the solar greenhouse is not yet covered with film, and the climate is suitable for spinach germination and seedling growth under open conditions. The film covering period is very important, the suitable temperature for the growth of spinach plants is 15 to 20 °C, and the most suitable growth temperature for leaf clusters is 17.20 °C. Therefore, when the daytime temperature is lower than 15 °C, the film should be covered, but after covering the film, it is necessary to prevent high temperature, and if it exceeds 25 °C, it will grow poorly. The sowing spacing should not be too large, and it is necessary to strengthen field management to prevent infection with spinach downy mildew, viral diseases and so on. The storage methods of spinach collected into the warehouse include ordinary freezing method, ventilation ditch freezing method, aboveground freezing method, modified atmosphere refrigeration method, etc., to prevent spinach leaves from losing too much water and causing losses.
Dishes to share
One: Cold spinach
raw material:
Spinach, peanuts, garlic, chili oil, salt, sugar, vinegar, steamed fish soy sauce, sesame oil.
Preparation Method:
1. Boil water in a pot, add a little salt and oil, blanch the spinach until it changes color, and squeeze out the water;
2. Cut the spinach into a few knives, add various spices and mix well;
3. Plate and sprinkle with a little peanut.
Two: Spinach on the soup
Spinach, peeled eggs, salted eggs, ginger, chicken broth, white pepper, salt.
Preparation Method:
1. Steam the peeled eggs and salted eggs for 15 minutes, cool them and cut them into granules, wash the spinach and drain the water;
2. Pour an appropriate amount of oil into the wok and heat it, then add ginger slices to stir-fry, then add the peeled egg and salted egg grains and stir-fry a few times;
3. Stir-fry the spinach in a pot, add a little white pepper and salt, and add the chicken broth and fry for about 1 and a half minutes.
Source: Hunan Vegetable People Micro-news
Editor: MicroLoblet Xiaomei
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