Nobel Prize in Chemistry Cold Knowledge: The age of the winner is 35 to 85 years old, and the three Members of the Curie family have won the prize

With the release of the 2019 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, the annual "Nobel Prize Time" officially opened on October 7. This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry will be announced on October 9, Beijing time.

On November 27, 1895, alfred Bernhard nobel, a famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosives, signed a will to establish a series of awards for the bulk of his estate, the Nobel Prize. According to his wishes, some of them are awarded to "the person who made the most important chemical discoveries or improvements".

Chemistry is the most important science for Alfred Nobel, because Nobel himself was a chemist. His inventions, as well as the industrial processes he uses, are based on knowledge of chemistry. The Prize in Chemistry is the second prize mentioned by Nobel in his will, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was first awarded in 1901 by the Dutch chemist Jacobs Henriques VanTov for his contributions to the discovery of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure laws in solutions and to stereochemistry and chemical equilibrium theory. Nobel laureates in chemistry also include scientists such as Rutherford and Marie Curie. Also awarded that year were the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Prize in Literature and the Prize in Peace.

The prize money for a Nobel Prize comes from interest or investment income from the Nobel Fund. Its prize money changes with changes in the fund's earnings, with a single prize of SEK 10 million from 2001 to 2011 and a reduction to SEK 8 million from 2012 to 2016. In 2017, the prize was changed to SEK 9 million.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry in History (1901-2018)

110 times

Between 1901 and 2018, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded 110 times. It was not awarded for a total of 8 years in 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941 and 1942.

180 people

From 1901 to 2018, there were 181 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, of which Frederick Sanger (13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was the only one to have won two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, in 1958 and 1980. This also means that the number of people who have actually won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry is 180.

63 times

Of the 110 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry awarded, 63 were awarded to only one laureate, 23 to two at the same time and 24 to three at the same time.

The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to American scientist Frances H. Arnold, American scientist George P. Smith, and British scientist Gregory P. Winter for their contributions to the areas of "directed evolution of enzymes" and "phage display techniques for peptides and antibodies."

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson for developing cryo-electron microscopy technology.

5 women

A total of 5 women have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in history.

In 1911, Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

In 1935, Irena Joliot-Curie and her husband, Frederick Jolio Curie, won the prize together.

In 1964, British biochemist Dorothy Mary Hodgkin won the prize.

In 2009, Israeli scientist Ada Yonat and two others won the prize.

In 2018, American scientist Francis Arnold and two others won the prize together.

clan

The Curie family is the most successful "Nobel Prize family". In 1903, Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1935, Marie Curie's daughter Irena Joliot Curie and husband Frederick Joliot Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

35 years old

The youngest winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Frederick Joliot-Curie. In 1935, he won the prize with his wife, Irena Jolio Curie, when he was only 35 years old. In 1934, Frederick Joliot-Curie and his wife published a paper in the journal Nature entitled "Artificial Generation of a New Type of Radioactive Element." For this paper, the couple won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

85 years old

American chemist John Finn (1917-2010) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for "inventing the method of confirming and structural analysis of biological macromolecules" and "inventing mass spectrometry analysis of biological macromolecules".