Dumas was born on 24 July 1802 in Ville-Cottelet , France ( near Paris ) , and was dependent on his mother.
Before the age of 10, Dumas read through the Adventure Novel "Robinson Crusoe" by the British writer Defoe, the novel "Teremmark" by the French writer Fenalong, and the mythical book "Letter to Emily" written by the writer Demsgier.
At the age of 15, Dumas was sent to Monaçon's notary firm as a clerk, sending various notarized documents to the surrounding villages for signature.
At the age of 18, Dumas learned Italian and German from Rappens. Together, they translated the novel "The Last Letters of Jacob Orti" by the Italian writer Hugo Foscolo at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.
In 1823, out of a yearning for a career in theater, the 21-year-old Dumas came to Paris alone, first working as a clerical scribe in the secretariat of the Duke of Orléans, to solve the problem of his shelter and food. From an early age, Dumas was an avid writer of drama, and in the comfortable and spacious office of the Duke, he was busy writing the play "Henry III and His Court". Dumas, who was quick-witted, spent the night writing a book.
On July 27, 1824, a boy was born with Caterina Rabe. Like his father, the son was named Alexander (Dumas the Younger).
In 1825, Dumas joined the Ranks of the Romantics, led by Hugo.
In 1828, the five-act poetic play Christina was completed.
In 1829, the play "Henry III and His Court" came out, and the French drama scene applauded Dumas's debut. Soon, the play was staged at the Théâtre de Paris. Hugo and numerous Romantic writers went to the theater to see it, and thought that it was a big victory for the Romantics. The play depicts the struggles, deceptions, and conspiracies between kings and reactionary nobles during the French Religious Wars in the 16th century. French literary critics considered The play Henry III and His Court to be the finest play of Dumas's life.
In 1830, the play "Christina" was published, and the first performance was held on March 30, 1830. "Christina" was successfully staged, and Dumas immediately devoted himself to writing another screenplay, "Anthony". It was released in July of the same year.
In 1830, Dumas participated in the "July Revolution", opposing the restoration of the dynasty, demanding political reform and broadening the path of speech.
On the afternoon of July 29 of the same year, the rebels attacked the last fortress of the Restoration Dynasty, the Palace of Sileri. Dumas took part in the battle and was one of the first warriors to storm the palace. Dumas spent a sleepless night in the crowded town hall. The rebels lacked ammunition, and Dumas volunteered to General Lafayette that there was a large amount of ammunition stored in Suisson and Rafael, and he could get some of it. Dumas finally persuaded General Lafayette. In the end, 3500 kilograms of ammunition obtained from Suisson were sent to the Paris City Hall.
After the victory of the July Revolution, Dumas wanted to make a big difference in the political arena, but Louis Philippe's attitude made him very disappointed. Dumas found himself not the kind of man Louis Philippe needed. Back at home, he drafted his resignation.
Dumas resigned as librarian and immediately joined the artillery unit of the National Guard. Dumas was elected deputy company commander of the Fourth Artillery Company. He also commanded the military training of the entire company. Soon a captain resigned, and by unanimous election, Dumas filled the vacancy for the captain.
Louis Philip's push for republicanism increased Dumas's resentment. Since Louis Philip did not react to his first resignation, he wrote a second one and published it in the newspaper.
In 1831, Dumas served as a deputy company commander in the French artillery, and he often spread among his soldiers a political view of the restoration of the dynasty. Because of his radical republican views, his name has been placed on a blacklist of arrests prepared by the authorities. After escaping from the country, Dumas drifted everywhere, accumulating a large amount of material for his creative career.
On May 3, 1831, Anthony was published. In February 1832, Therisa was published.
By the mid-1840s, Dumas had written a large number of plays written by himself or in collaboration, including Caterina Howard (1833) on the theme of love, Keane, also known as "Debauchery and Genius" (1836), featuring the famous British drama actor Keane, "Caligula" (1837), which depicted the story of the ancient Roman Emperor Caligula, and "The Alchemist" (1838), which co-wrote with Riella de Neval. And the comedies "Mademoiselle Belle Il", "A Marriage in the Age of Louis XV", "The Ladies of Saint-Cyr", etc., written between 1839 and 1843.
From May 3 to June 23, 1838, The Century serialized his novella Captain Paul.
The short story "Cruel Pierre", published from August 31 to September 3, 1839.
After 1840, Dumas, who returned to China, began to cooperate with others to write serial novels for newspapers and periodicals.
In 1842, the Knight of Armand was published against the backdrop of the regency of Philippe, Duke of Orléans, in the 18th century.
In 1844, "The Three Musketeers", one of the trilogies set in the reign of Kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV in the 17th century, was published.
In 1845, "Queen Margot," one of the trilogies set in the 16th century, and "Twenty Years Later," was published, one of the trilogies set in the 17th century during the reigns of King Louis XIII and Louis XIV.
In 1846, "Madame Montsoreau", one of the trilogies set in the 16th century Wars of Religion, was published.
In August 1847, Dumas, in his play The Red House Knight, set against the backdrop of the French bourgeois revolution at the end of the 18th century, used the old Bourbon dynasty as a metaphor for the July Dynasty and issued an appeal for the armed overthrow of the July Dynasty. Between 1847 and 1848, forty-five guards, one of the trilogies set in the 16th-century Wars of Religion, was published.
During the Revolution of 1848, Dumas, dressed in military uniform, led an army to attack Paris. Whenever early in the morning came, he distributed his edited and printed newspapers to the citizens to promote his republican ideas. After Napoleon III staged a coup d'état, Dumas objected and went into exile in Brussels, Belgium. In 1860, he traveled to Italy to take part in Garibaldi's conquest of the Kingdom of Naples.
From 1848 to 1850, the Viscount of Brajelona, one of the trilogies set in the reign of Kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV in the 17th century, was published. He also published a group of novels, Joseph Balsamo (or translated Asgarder: Baron Balsamo, 1849), and The Queen's Necklace (1849-1850), set against the backdrop of the harbingers of the bourgeois revolution at the end of the 18th century.
In 1851, anger Pidou was published.
In 1852-1855, he published Oramp of Clive (1852), the Mohicans of Paris (1854-1855), and the Countess of Charnais (1852-1855), set against the backdrop of the Restoration Dynasty.
In 1857, he published "A Gang of Yehus" (or translated as "The Tale of the Two Heroes", "The Killer and the Rogue").
In 1858, "The She-Wolf of Marshkull" was published in the context of the July Dynasty.
In 1867-1868, he published The White and Blue Parties against the backdrop of the upheavals after the bourgeois revolution.
After returning from Le Havre in 1868, he was often dizzy and could only occasionally read his old works.
In 1869, he followed a doctor's advice to rest in a secluded corner of Brittany while writing a Culinary Dictionary for the publisher Le Maitelle. However, he was exhausted and could not complete the work.
In the spring of 1870, Dumas went to the south of France to recuperate. Back in Paris in July, the Franco-Prussian War, the one he predicted in The Prussian Terror, broke out. Dumas rushed to take him to his seaside house near the city of Diep in the province of Normandy before the Prussian army besieged Paris. People hid from him the truth about the french defeat on the battlefield. He had severely lost his memory.
In December 1870, when Dumas was bedridden, he instructed his family to hire a priest. However, when Father Andreyo arrived on 5 December, he was already unconscious. At 10 p.m. that night, he died in the arms of his daughter Mary at the age of 68. On 8 December, Dumas's body was temporarily buried in the cemetery of the Nieville Chapel, one kilometer from Diep. A delegation from the Municipal Council of Diap and a number of writers and artists attended the funeral. Montigny, manager of the Jumnaz Theatre in Paris, who took refuge in Tiep, delivered a speech on behalf of the deceased's former friends.
On April 16, 1872, the official burial ceremony was held in Cotelais, the hometown of Villers in Dumas near Paris.
On November 30, 2002, his remains arrived in Paris from his hometown and were placed in the Panthéon de Paris, the hall of fame behind him, in the presence of French President Jacques Chirac and Prime Minister Raffarin. Dumas was the 72nd person to make an extraordinary contribution to France to enter the Panthéon and the sixth French writer to enter the Panthéon after Voltaire, Rousseau, Hugo, Zola and Malraux.
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