This semester, I will study Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth", and take "Immortal Insomnia" as an example to teach students to know several information books, pay attention to the investigation of historical facts, cultivate a solid style of study and style, and abandon the false and frivolous "chicken soup text".
Taiwanese writer Zhang Xiaofeng wrote an article "Immortal Insomnia", and whenever the college entrance examination, it will be forwarded in the circle of friends for a while. "Immortal Insomnia" said that Zhang Ji was the first to fall into the first place, extremely lost, and immediately left the capital by boat and went to Suzhou, "indulging his sorrows" on this autumn night. He also said, "In general, temples are all twilight drums and morning bells, and Hanshan Temples ring 'midnight bells' to shock the world." He also said that the poems were together, he immediately got up, wrote down the four words "Fengqiao Night Berth", and then wrote down the poem printed on his heart in one go. Say it for yourself, if you see it with your own eyes. Is this really the case? Let's discuss it today.
Taiwanese writer Zhang Xiaofeng
Maple Bridge Night Berth
Don Zhang Ji
The moon is falling and the frost is full of frost, and the river maple fishing fire is sad and sleepy.
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, midnight bell to the passenger ship.
At midnight, the moon has set, and it is in the second half of the month. After the moon sets, the sky is pitch black. The crow's cry multiplied the desolation. The air is very cold and the touch is frosted. Although the maple trees by the river cannot be seen clearly, they are known to them according to the experience of the day. After the frost, it must be red like blood. Coupled with the blessing of the mournful imagery tradition in "Chu Ci Summoning Souls", "There are maples on the water of the Zhanzhan River, the eyes are extremely sad and spring hearts, and the soul returns to mourn the jiangnan", all of which set off a sad atmosphere.
In this "thick black sadness", a fishing fire is not only a warm and bright color, but also sets off the coolness and blackness of the environment. In such an atmosphere, the author sleeps in sorrow — needless to say, he can't sleep. At this moment, the Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City sent a long bell strike, just like crashing into the heart of the poet and the heart of the reader, causing a deep "resonance".
In addition, the "Hanshan" of Hanshan Temple, although derived from the name of the monk, can also arouse people's associations, which is just the right reminder of the author's state of mind and the desolation of the environment. In short, the meaning and the realm are muddy, and the xun is a famous passage throughout the ages.
Mao Ning's "The Sound of the Waves" is a good modern interpretation, but the "Sound of the Waves" is abrupt, where will the river in Suzhou stir up the sound of the waves? I also visited "Hanshan Temple", but the bustle around me no longer had the meaning of that time.
There are always a group of so-called writers who refuse to do any homework in the interpretation of poetry, and always open their mouths. I don't even add some ingredients, but I can pour water into the chicken soup. Zhang Xiaofeng is like this, Jiang Xun is like this, I hope this is not regional discrimination. Of course, "writers" talk about history and scholarship, such as Yu Qiuyu, such as the Quicksand River, and there are few good people. This is again suspected of occupational discrimination. Let's examine the following questions.
The first question, did Zhang Ji write "Fengqiao Night Berth" because he fell behind?
Immortal Insomnia said, "He's off the list!" "Is this true?
According to the Southern Song Dynasty Ji Yougong 's Chronicle of Tang Poetry', Zhang Ji was a Tianbao Jinshi. In the Yuan Dynasty, Xin Wenfang's "Biography of Tang Caizi" also confirmed that Zhang Ji was a twelve-year jinshi of Tianbao. Not only did he win the rank of jinshi, but he also became an official. The New Book of Tang and YiwenZhi also contains it in the "Outer Lang, a member of the Inspection and Correctional Hall at the end of the Great Calendar, who was in charge of the wealth in Hongzhou." It can be seen that Zhang Ji is not a falling student at all, but a high school student, and there is no such thing as going south to Suzhou to travel far away. Whether it has fallen off the list before, there is no evidence.
Mr. Fu Xuanqun's "Tang Dynasty Poet Cong Kao Zhang Ji Kao" said that it is difficult to determine when Zhang Ji will be in Suzhou. According to the content of the "Chronicle of the Gate of Zhaomen (Suzhou City Gate Name)" that must have been written in Suzhou, it is after the chaos of Anshi, and the "Fengqiao Night Berth" should also be made at this time, so this kind of melancholy is a personal encounter, but also a worry for the country and the people. During the Anshi Rebellion, quite a few people avoided chaos and went south, just like Li Guinian in the "Hall of Eternal Life: Bullet Words".
"Hall of Eternal Life, Bullet Words" Li Guinian
The second question, how did Zhang Ji take a boat from Chang'an to Suzhou?
It is a common thing to wander around. In the previous article, we also said that after Wang Bo was reprimanded, "from Chang'an to see the scenery in Shu" . Chang'an and Shudi were closer, and Empress Tang Ming also took this road to avoid the soldiers of An Lushan. But Zhang Ji wants to go from Chang'an to Suzhou, how can he "step on a small boat" and "sail like the wind" all the way to Suzhou?
According to the map, Zhang Ji will probably take a boat through Weishui, enter the Yellow River, go down the river to the east, go south from the Grand Canal, pass through the Tongji Canal, walk on the Huai River for a while, and then turn to Hangou and Jiangnan River, which can reach Suzhou. How long does it take to get here by boat, how much labor? Zhang Xiaofeng and Zhang Ji were the same sect, so they were expelled, "Originally they were born from the same root, why are they too anxious to fry each other"?
Map of the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty
The third question, is the midnight bell at Hanshan Temple to "shock the world"?
According to Mr. Fu's "Tang Dynasty Poet Cong Kao Zhang Ji kao", Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty first questioned and said that "three is not the time to strike the bell", but Wang Zhifang's "Poetry" has refuted it, saying that the midnight bell is often seen in Tang poetry. as:
Yu Hu's poem "Sending The Palace People into the Dao": "I will know not to accompany you to the palace, and listen to the midnight clock of the Mountain." ”
Bai Lotte Yiyun: "Under the shadow of the new autumn pine, after the midnight bell." ”
Wen Tingjun's poem is also cloudy: "Leisurely looking back against the frequency of the journey, there is no return to the window in the middle of the night clock." ”
"Zhang Jikao" also said that the Tang Dynasty monks and monasteries played midnight bells, not only in Suzhou, but also in other places, and two examples can be added here. Lu You's Notes on the Old School, Volume 10:
(Ouyang Xiu was quoted above) Later generations also said that only Suzhou has a midnight clock, which is not also true. According to The poem Yun in Yu Yi's "Praise in the Middle": "The distant bell comes in the middle of the night, and the bright moon enters a thousand homes." Huang Furan's poem "Autumn Night Stay Will Audit Yan Wei House": "Autumn is deep in the water and moon, and the mountain clock is half a night away." "Isn't this also Suzhou Shiye?" During the Tang Dynasty, the monk temple had its own midnight hours.
"Zhang Jikao" also gives some examples of the midnight bell in the Tang Dynasty, and I will not record more here.
The fourth question, Zhang Ji pushed the pillow up, and wrote down the words "Fengqiao Night Berth"?
The earliest record of Zhang Ji's poem is the "Zhongxing Jian Qi Collection" compiled by Gao Zhongwu in the Tang Dynasty, and the poem title is "Songjiang Night Berth". The Tang dynasty poetry compiled by the Tang people is relatively recent and should have a basis. Later, the title of the poem was changed, which is a common thing. According to the old name, the hero Haojie should be on the astrological sign, the special qi of heaven and earth, and the occasional life, called "inter-qi". The selected poems are named "Jian Qi", which means that the Tang poems "Heyue Yingling Collection" compiled by Yin Fan of the same generation are specially collected from the Tang poems, praising the poet Lingxiu and not being born.
The last part of "Immortal Insomnia" is more to see the essence of chicken soup, that is: regardless of the facts, disregard common sense, ignore human feelings, just clamor for "positive energy" of the wind and cool words:
Thank God, if there is no Zhang Ji who has fallen into the first place, there will be one less good poem in the history of poetry, and in a certain mood of ours, there will be no one to break it for us.
Twelve hundred years have passed, who has ever appeared on that long list (that is, the gold list that Zhang Ji can't squeeze in)? Ha! Who cares who he is? The name that is really remembered is "Zhang Ji the Fallen". Will anyone remember the grand scene of the red parade? No! We remember only the frustrated man on the passenger ship on autumn night, and his immortal insomnia.
The Han Feizi Xianxue has a saying: "Those who must not participate in the test are foolish; those who can be based on it are false." This means that it is foolish to be sure without evidence; to be cited without certainty is to be based on deception. Zhang Ji, who originally did not fall off the list, was choreographed by irresponsible writers like a tiger.
In addition, even if Zhang Ji really wrote "Fengqiao Night Berth" for the sake of falling off the list. We also ask, does any person with a normal mind want to go to high school and not lose rausch's sleep and not write rausch's poems, or is he willing to fall into the name of Sun Shan, insomnia and write poetry, and fall into an empty name of "immortality"? Should a writer lose his job as a university professor and writer and taste an "immortal unemployment"? Maybe you can write a "Dream of the Red Chamber".
If this is the case, we must also "thank God", just as we "thank the bad luck" and "enjoy the labor".