Wen | crazy books flowing clouds
"The vicissitudes of the years are vast, and a generation of turmoil is desolate." After the famine, the countryside left a bitter taste, and the mountain road was speechless to ask Qi Huang. This is the first time that the famous contemporary poet Li Huanyi returned to the beach for fifty years after leaving home.
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Guizhou is bordered by Bashu in the north, Diangui in the south, and Jingchu in the east, and the civilization is in yanhuang, but Guizhou has long been regarded as a barbaric land, a place of exile for expulsion. It contains stories such as Li Taibai's exile of Yelang, Liu Mengde's left migration to Bozhou, and Wang Shouren's depreciation of Longchangyi. The sky is clear without three days, the earth is not three miles flat, and people have no three silver, just like the realm where no man dwells. However, the emergence of "beach culture" is enough to prove the bias of this view.
The beach is located in Xinzhouyumen, Zunyi County, 38.5 kilometers east along National Highway 326 from Zunyi. The climate here is mild and suitable for farming. The Le'an River flows through the village, and there is a sandbar about half a mile long in the river, named "Qinzhou", from which the beach is named. It is such a small mountain village, but it has given birth to a large number of late Qing dynasty cultural celebrities represented by Zheng Zhen, Mo Youzhi and Li Shuchang, who advocate "fishing tree cultivation and reading", and their academic achievements have a far-reaching impact.
In the 1940s, Li Siguang, a professor at Zhejiang University and a famous geologist, proposed to write a "Zunyi New Chronicle", with the famous scholar Professor Zhang Qiyun as the editor-in-chief. In the chapter "Historical Geography" of this book, the development history of Zunyi for more than 2,000 years is divided into several stages: the Yelang period, the early Yang Bao period, the middle Yang Bao period, the late Yang Bao period, the old city period, the beach period, and the new city period. The beach period is characterized by cultural flashes. Zhu Kezhen, president of Zhejiang University, Mei Guangdi, dean of literature, and Zhang Qiyun, director of the Institute of History, visited the beach and designated the beach as a well-known cultural area in the country, and "beach culture" was named after this. The positioning of "beach culture" has since been recognized by literary historians.
As early as ancient times, the names and achievements of the "Han Sanxian" Sheren, Sheng Lan and Yin Zhen of Zunyi in Guizhou were recognized and well known by everyone. Sheren was the first person to spread Guizhou culture and other things to the outside world. Daozhen County was independent of Zheng'an County in the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941) because Yin Zhen (字道真). In modern times, the beach was the most well-known cultural area in Guizhou from the middle of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China. There are many beach talents, and celebrity scholars include five generations of ancestors and grandchildren of Li, Zheng and Mo, of which Zheng Zhen, Mo Youzhi and Li Shuchang are the most outstanding. Our research also focused on these three people.
Zheng Zhen (1806-1864) Zi Yin, number Chai Weng. He entered the academy at the age of 9, dabbled in the Book of Shi Han At the age of 13, and at the age of 17, he was a Zhongxiucai, a food cook and a tribute, and was deeply appreciated by Cheng Chunhai, a scholar and politician in Guizhou, and was specially given the title of Zi Yin. However, Zheng Zhen's career was not smooth, at the age of 30, he was not selected in the examination, he repeatedly failed the examination, and he could only return to his hometown to engage in writing, and at the age of 36, at the invitation of Pinghan, the prefect of Zunyi, he and Mo Youzhi usurped the "Zunyi FuZhi". In 1864, Zheng Zhen died of a verbal illness at the age of 59.
Mo Youzhi (1811-1871) 5 years younger than Zheng Zhen, born in Dushan, Guizhou, he followed his father Mo and Li to Zunyi, and traveled with Shatan Li and Zheng Zizi; he befriended Zheng Zhen, studied academically, and finally became a famous artist of Jinshi and Directory. He was 17 years old in The Middle Xiucai, 21 years old to become a lifter, three times to Beijing to meet the test failed, sting in Zunyi, and zheng Zhen co-compiled the "Zunyi Fu Zhi" to show his talent. In 1847, when he went to Beijing to take the examination, he met Zeng Guofan in a bookstore and talked about his thesis, and he was shocked that "I did not expect to have this study in Qian". Suizhi liquor betrothed, and introduced a celebrity, Mo Youzhi thus became famous in Beijing. His calligraphy is on a par with He Shaoji's. He died in 1871 on his way to Yangzhou at the age of 61.
Li Shuchang (1837-1898), also known as Shu Zhai, was Zheng Zhen's cousin, and his career achievements were above Zheng and Mo. He was known to Zeng Guofan as a famous essayist in the Qing Dynasty, and later served as a soldier in eastern Sichuan, and was educated by Gongyu Xing, and escorted personnel to study in England and Germany. Since the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War, he took the lead in donating money to help, but when he heard of the defeat, he became angry and angry, and returned to his hometown and died at the age of 61.
For more than a hundred years after the late Qing Dynasty, dozens of literati and scholars, two diplomats, and a large number of accomplished officials came out of here. Scholars' research fields are extremely extensive, including classics, philology, phonology, epigraphy, edition bibliography, time science, geography, agriculture, medicine, as well as poetry, articles, calligraphy, paintings, etc., which can be described as a grand view, a vast sea of smoke, not only a miracle in the history of Guizhou's cultural development, but also rare in the history of national cultural development; many of these works were in a leading position at that time, gradually circulating throughout the country, and then flowing to the east and west, which has attracted the attention of international scholars so far. Some scholars who have long studied it believe that the emergence of beach culture is a miracle in the cultural history of Guizhou.
Zheng Zhen served as a small county scholar four times in her life, taught the academy many times, and the salary earned for compiling the government chronicles of Zunyi Province was very meager, and her education was profound and her life was poor, but her academic works were glorious and beautiful, which was admirable and emotional. His works include 35 kinds of works, such as "Zunyi Fu Zhi", "Bo Ya", "Chao Jing Chao Poetry Collection", "Ritual Private Notes", "Chao Jing Chao Jing Jing Shu", "Speaking Wen Yi Zi", etc., only 18 kinds of publications, which have 2.5 million words, thus winning the reputation of "Southwest JuRu", which has been circulated in the Qing history "Ru Lin" and "Wen Yuan".
Zheng Zhen was undoubtedly the chief representative of "beach culture", and his poems were later promoted as "Zongzu" by the "Tongguang Body" poetry school, which had the greatest influence in the country; Wu Minshu, a guest of Zeng Guofan, said that "Zi Yin's poetry was written in a generation and seemed to be absent from the people of this dynasty", and Zeng Guofan also agreed to this statement; Liang Qichao praised "Shi Liu Xian said that Zi Yin's poetry can open its own portal, and there are Qing authors who can't reach it"; the famous professor Qian Zhonglian believes that "Zi Yin's talent and qi power are not under the eastern slope" ("Mengyuan Poetry"), "Three hundred years of Qing poetry, Wang Qi is in Yelang" ("Three Hundred Years of Qing Poetry, Wang Qi is in Yelang" ("Poetry of the Qing Dynasty") On the Forty Schools of Modern Poetry"); Liu Yazi rated Zheng Zhen's poems as "the first class in three hundred years". Modern masters such as Miao Yu, Qian Mu, Qian Zhongshu, and Bai Dunren have a high evaluation of beach poets and their poems. The "Chao Jing Chao Poetry Collection" is highly respected by all families, and Zheng Ziyin is the crown of the Qing Dynasty poets, comparable to Li Dusu Huang.
Mo Youzhi did not have a name of an official in his lifetime, but was famous for his academic works, and his reputation was famous in history, and he was called "Western Giant Ru" together with Zheng Zhen, and was also included in the Qing History "Wenyuan" and "RuLin". Become an important representative of beach culture. He was a staff member of Zeng Guofan, proficient in bibliography, phonology, and calligraphy, and had 23 kinds of works in his lifetime, of which 137 volumes have been published. He first published in Japan in 16 volumes of academic masterpieces, "Bibliography of the Zhimi Biography of The Pavilion", which is a must-have for bibliophiles and bookworkers, and thus became one of the two founders of the discipline of Bibliography in the Qing Dynasty.
In the twenty-first year of Daoguang (1841), Mo and Zheng Zhen compiled the "Zunyi Fu Zhi" in 48 volumes, 33 items, 14 appendages, a total of more than 800,000 words. Liang Qichao called it "the first house under heaven". Zhang Zhidong also praised the Zunyi Fu Zhi as one of the best zhishu. In the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), Mo Youzhi was appointed as the chief school journal of Yangzhou Bookstore, and Li Hongzhang and Zhang Zhidong invited him to be the main lecturer of Wuchang Academy. The following year, he went to Yangzhou and Xinghua to look for the books that had been lost after the two pavilions of Wenzong and Wenhui were burned, and suddenly felt the wind and cold, the fever did not recede, and he died of illness in the ship and was buried in Qingtian Mountain, Xinzhou, Zunyi. Zeng Guofan led his staff to the shore of Mochou Lake to pay tribute, and personally wrote to Lian Lian: Jinghua fell in love at first sight, when the Tiger City Bridge, bookstores were engaged, early Qin Suxue; Jiangbiao often gathered for ten years, and today on Mochou Lake, wine bottles and tears, to hang the soul of poetry.
Li Shuchang lost his father at the age of 6, and at the age of 21, he was born as a Gongsheng, went north to Shuntian to take the Qiu Min examination, and was twice unsuccessful and trapped in the Beijing Division. He has served in Zhixian and Zhizhou, managed river workers, and been responsible for taxation, all of which have shown their talents but have not seen great use. The Guangxu Emperor ascended to the pole and carried out diplomatic work; Li De accompanied the envoys to Western European countries, and successively went to Germany, France, the United States, Spain, Italy, Belgium and other countries, paid close attention to investigations, and wrote a book called "Western Magazine" to introduce the internal affairs, diplomacy, society, and economic experiences of various countries, hoping to learn from them. After two times, he served as a minister of japan, and befriended Japanese celebrities in the government and the public with academic articles, and was treated with royal courtesy. When he returned to China, the Emperor of Japan specially gave him a first-class rising sun medal, and the government and the opposition feasted goodbye, which was still remembered by the Japanese for many years. In Japan, we collected 26 kinds of ancient books in China, engraved and printed 200 volumes of the "Ancient Yi Series", and also purchased many books to return to China. He is known as "the first person in Guizhou to go to the world".
Li Shuchang had the honor of joining the Zengguo curtain, intersecting with Zhang Yuzhao, Wu Rulun, and Xue Fucheng in writing, and was called the "Four Disciples of Zengmen". The beach is a village inhabited by the Lai family, facing the nearby Zheng Wangshan Hall and Mo's Qingtian Mountain Lu Hengyu. The three families of Li, Zheng and Mo are each other's mentors and friends, married to each other, have a deep friendship with each other, study and learn together, and influence each other, and this generational marriage and friendly relationship between families has also promoted the formation and development of beach culture. In the generations of Li Zhengmo's three families, a large number of literati and scholars have emerged. They have made great achievements in education, academic research and literary creation; among them, 69 kinds of Li monographs, 59 kinds of Zheng monographs, and 30 kinds of Mo monographs, a total of 153 kinds of about 12 million words, the subset of economic history is complete, the number is high, and it has had a great influence at home and abroad. Among them, the "Zunyi FuZhi" compiled by Mr. Zheng Mo'er during the Daoguang years is the most prominent, which cites more than 380 kinds of certificates, with rigorous body creation, exquisite research, and quite a writing skill. Many articles have been selected into the "Qing Wen Guan Zhi", "Modern Literature Department and Prose Volume", "Continuing Ancient Literature Guan Zhi" and other libraries.
In summary, the beach has given birth to outstanding figures represented by Zheng Zhen, Mo Youzhi and Li Shuchang, and has become a well-known cultural celebrity at home and abroad, occupying a considerable position in the history of Chinese literature and scholarship. They set an example for future generations, ze and the thousand autumns, this great spirit of poverty and strength, and great ambition, will always be a model for us to learn.
The rich achievements of beach culture and the noble humanistic spirit deserve our in-depth collation and study. In the past ten years, Qiannan has established the Mo Youzhi Research Association, Zunyi has established the Zheng Moli Research Association, the Provincial Museum of Literature and History, the Guizhou Historical Documents Research Association and the Guizhou Classical Literature Society, and has held many academic seminars on beach culture. With the implementation of the country's new round of western development strategy, the Zunyi Municipal CPPCC combined with the collation of ancient books of beach culture, and put forward the proposal of "accelerating the development and construction of beach cultural tourism zones" in 2009, which was adopted by the municipal party committee and the municipal government. According to the plan, on the basis of the existing beach culture exhibition hall, the red culture will be built, the three sages of beach culture, the famous people of red culture, and the celebrities of modern Xinzhou will be collected; and the natural landscape of the beach, celebrity poetry collections, famous quotes will be used to print bookmarks, poker, business cards and other tourism products. On the other hand, as the famous contemporary poet Li Huanyi once shouted: after the government is duty-bound to repair and improve the hard environment, the restoration of the humanistic spirit and the cultivation of cultural heritage require great efforts. Li Huanyi sighed and said: It only takes half a year to cultivate a rich man; cultivating a spiritual aristocrat and a rich man of ideology and culture is not something that can be done in ten years; if we want to form an elite group of ideological culture, this must be decades, or even hundreds of years.
Unfortunately, however, in one survey, according to scholars specializing in beach culture, less than 20% of The Zunyi people can currently give a specific summary of beach culture; what is more worrying is that many students and young people in school today know very little about this history. Therefore, how to revitalize the beach culture is more worthy of our in-depth thinking and exploration. As a Zunyi person, I am proud and proud of the beach culture that my hometown once had. As Zunyi people, we have the obligation to do our part to regain and promote the beach culture. As Zunyi people, we have the responsibility to gather the wisdom of everyone and raise the strength of everyone to revitalize the beach culture and make it a dazzling cultural business card in the new era of Zunyi.
Not long ago, I paid homage to the former residence of the sage Li Shuchang, on the banks of the Le'an River, and on the Yumen Mountain, which is a good spirit. The surrounding newly built villas and pavilions are still there, but they are overgrown and deserted. Entering through the door of the former residence, there is basically no other content except for the staged display and exhibition in each room and the scanning of the two-dimensional code to obtain text information and voice introduction. So what's next? From a personal point of view, I would like to put forward some thoughts and suggestions on the development of beach culture, for reference only.
How to enlarge the IP of beach culture, which used to be famous for culture, can now use landscapes to feed back culture? On the one hand, landscape is the main feature of the beach region. That is, to determine the placeholding and strategic positioning of beach culture, while considering the planning and development of Xinpu New Area, Zunyi and even Guizhou, such as optimizing a more three-dimensional traffic road network on the existing basis, establishing a humanistic landmark image in the city's bustling business circles, transportation hubs and scenic spots, so that it can form a new development pattern with "suitable for travel, eating, business, and commercial residence", so that tourists can really have fun, eat at ease, live comfortably, and feel and learn beach culture is only a result of incidentality. On the other hand, under the correct leadership and guidance, online and offline matrix brand culture publicity is carried out, so that the government, talents from all walks of life and more people can actively participate in the future development and construction of beach culture. Try to make the mystification and academicization of beach culture popular and interesting, so that the old, middle-aged, young and even young people can take the initiative to shoulder the responsibility and responsibility of the "propaganda ambassador" of beach culture in addition to harvesting knowledge, which invisibly shortens the time and space distance, cultural distance and humanistic distance between us and beach culture, and then realizes the transformation of cultural rejuvenation.
With the strong support of the relevant departments in Zunyi in recent years and the development and construction of the Xinpu New Area Cultural Park, we have reason to believe that the beach culture has come back to life, and it may not be far away.
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【Reference】
[1] Li Lianchang: "Xinzhou Beach - The First Village of Chinese Culture";
[2] Huang Wanji: Collected Works on Beach Culture Research (Guizhou Nationalities Publishing House);
[3] Huang Jiangling: "Reading Guizhou Beach Culture" (Guizhou People's Publishing House);
[4] Zunyi Municipal Committee of The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, ed., Handbook of Historical and Cultural Knowledge of Zunyi (China Literature and History Publishing House).
Note: This article was written in August 2013 and revised in November 2020; mainly to introduce "beach culture". Some of the pictures and articles in this article come from the Internet, do not represent my views, the copyright belongs to the original author, if there is any infringement, please contact to delete.