In our country, praising a person's high cultural attainments, the eight words of "piano, chess, calligraphy, painting, and mastery of everything" can create a clear portrait for literary and artistic people. The qin is the most exalted instrument in ancient Chinese culture, since ancient times, there are stories and legends such as "soldiers do not withdraw the qinser without reason", "high mountains and flowing water meet zhiyin", and being able to play a good piano is also a representative of elegance. The Hunan Provincial Museum not only has the brilliance of Mawangdui cultural relics, but also the "Excitement In Xiangjiang Xi - Xiaoxiang Guqin Culture Exhibition" is also refreshing.
From the legend of "Fu Xi Making Qin" to the proverb of "Chu Qin Zhao Se Qi Qin Zheng", there were many Chudi violinists in the pre-Qin period, and exquisite guqin objects were unearthed in the warring states and Han Dynasty tombs in Hunan. The ancestors here have a profound cultural heritage, rich experience in sericulture and silk making and exquisite lacquering skills, which provide a solid foundation for the production of guqin, and Huxiangqin has a long history.
As the hometown of the guqin, Xiangchu dadi, there is no shortage of guqin people. From Wang Fuzhi of Hengyang in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Qiu Zhizhi of Liuyang in the Qing Dynasty, the Gu family of Changsha in the late Qing Dynasty, Yang Zongji in Ningyuan in the late Qing Dynasty, Peng Zhiqing in modern Luling, Fuxi in Yongshun, Hunan, Li Boren in Guiyang, Hunan, etc., especially Yang Zongji achieved the greatest achievements, he founded the "Nine Doubts School" and wrote a huge work of qinxue "Qinxue Series", which has become an important document for the study of violin at present.
The guqin is exquisitely crafted and has a long history. The Hunan Provincial Museum has a collection of fifty-three guqins, which were excavated or cut from the Western Han Dynasty to the Republic of China, among which the representative instruments are the seven-stringed qin excavated from the tomb of Mawangdui No. 3 in Changsha in 168 BC, the Tangqin "Duyou", the "Feiquan", the Mingqin "Zhu Gongwang", "Heming Autumn Moon", and the qin used by the Liuyang Lile Bureau of the Qing Dynasty, which accounted for one-third of the total number of guqins in the museum.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > the seven-stringed violin excavated from Tomb No. 3 in Mawangdui</h1>
Excavated in the 1970s in Mawangdui No. 3 Tomb, which was buried in 168 BC, the seven-stringed qin belongs to the cultural relics of the early Western Han Dynasty and is also the earliest qin in the collection of the Hunan Provincial Museum.
There is a "T" shaped groove at the bottom of the face, which together form a resonance box. The surface has seven string marks. The method of opening the string is to tie one end of the "dragon gum" through the tail of the piano to the foot, and the other end through the "Yue Mountain" to tie to the seven reels.
After the excavation of this guqin, there was also controversy, because compared with the later qin, it did not have a badge, the face and the bottom plate were alive, and the tail was solid. However, there are also documents that record that the qin was produced in the ancient world, by FuXi or Shennong's "cutting the tongs for the qin, the rope silk for the strings", which is the founding of the qin, followed by the record of "Shunzuo five-stringed qin to go south wind", indicating that the qin had five strings at that time, and already had the five tones of "Gongshang Jiao Zhengyu". Later, after King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou put one string on the piano, it became seven strings, which solved the need for transposition of the palace and made the musical function of the guqin reach the highest stage.
Facts have proved that the guqin has been a complete instrument since the date of the seven-string customization. It can be said that it is another mystery left to us by the Mawangdui Han Tomb.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > Tangqin "Solo"</h1>
This violin comes from the first year of Emperor Wenzong of Tang, 827 AD. The surface of the piano is paulownia wood, the bottom of the piano is catalpa wood, and the crown horn, Yueshan and Chenglu are made of hardwood. The color of the piano body is elegant, and the whole body is scarlet lacquered with chestnut shell color and more broken lines.
The word "Duyou" is engraved in cursive above the back of the dragon pond, the square seal "Yuzhen" is engraved on the bottom of the dragon pond, the four characters of the abdomen "Taihe DingWei" are engraved in the dragon pond, and the li jing inscription and the famous inscription poem are engraved at the end of the piano, which is called "Hongbao" by Yang Zongji, a modern piano scholar.
The piano was originally owned by Mr. Wang Fuzhi of Hengyang in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and there are relevant records in the Xuanlou String Outer Record, but how the "Duyou" piano flowed into the hands of Mr. Wang Chuanshan is not known, and it is not known that the piano was returned to Guiyang Li Boren in the Republic of China period. Judging from the text recorded in Li Boren's posthumous manuscript, he also cherished the "Duyu" piano very much and regarded it as an arch.
This piano was once sent to Beijing for exhibition together with the "Crane Ming Qiuyue" piano, and is currently one of the more than ten Tangqins in the country, and it is also deservedly the treasure of the town hall in the collection of guqin in the Hunan Provincial Museum.
[Author] Wei Yujiao, focusing on travel, photography, writing, author of the essay collection "May there be no years to look back". Independent photographer, special writer of several WeChat public accounts. Sohu Self-Media, Baijia High-quality Creator, Ctrip Signed Traveler, Qunar Smart Traveler, Donkey Mother Travelist; Columnist of Today's Headlines, A Little Information, Ctrip, Kandian Number, Penguin, NetEase, Big Fish, TravelIng Lion and other columnists. The ownership of the pictures and text in this article belongs to the author, please contact the author for other needs. Life is all over the place, where is your story?