This edition of the image is provided by the Maqu County Xuanxia Father Martyrs Memorial Hall
Father Xuanxia (front row, first from left) poses with others.
New Gansu Gansu Daily reporter Jian Yongde Li Xinyao Xu Jintao Peng Wen Meng Jie Cai Wenzheng
The beautiful scenery of Gannan, green is the good impression it leaves on people.
In the depths of the grassland, there is a red memory of the communist Xuanxia father, which is still remembered by the local people.
Father Xuanxia was the first Communist Party member to carry out revolutionary work in Gannan, he brought Marxist ideas to the grasslands, and in Gannan he deeply publicized the party's ethnic policy, strengthened ethnic exchanges, promoted national equality, enhanced national unity, and sowed the seeds of revolution in the land of Gannan.
Xuanxia Father Martyrs Memorial Hall on Jiang Ai Road in Maqu County.
From Zhejiang to Gansu
Born in 1899 in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province, Xuanxia's father went to Japan to study, and after returning to China, he joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1923 and soon became a member of the Communist Party of China.
In October 1925, Xuanxia's father came to Lanzhou with the army as the deputy director of the political department of the Second Division of the First Army of the Nationalist Army. In the winter of the same year, together with Zhang Yiwu, Qian Kunquan and other Communist Party members, he established the first organization of the Communist Party of China in Gansu, the Gansu Special Branch of the Communist Party of China, and served as a member of the branch.
According to Yu Jun, director of the Party History Office of the Lanzhou Municipal CPC Committee, after the establishment of the Gansu Special Branch of the CPC, the work was carried out very actively, and Xuanxia's father played an important role.
At that time, there was no industry in Lanzhou, and the water pickers and shaving workers were a large group. Father Xuanxia and others went deep among the workers to carry out their work, established the water workers' union and the shaved head workers' union, and helped the poor peasants to establish peasant associations to fight against the local tyrants and inferior gentry. In addition, they also established student unions in Lanzhou No. 1 Middle School, Women's Normal School and other schools, and published publications such as "Revolutionary Youth" and "Women's Voice" to publicize revolutionary ideas and carry out anti-imperialist and anti-feudal mass movements.
Yu Jun said that in the work of Xuanxia's special branch in Gansu, the development of party members is an important content.
Xuanxia's father often went deep into Lanzhou No. 1 Middle School, women's normal school, Anhui River Guild Hall and other places to carry out activities, and a group of progressive people joined the Communist Party of China under his propaganda and influence. Among them are Wang Tao and Qiu Jiming, teachers of Lanzhou No. 1 Middle School, and students Yan Xuanxuan and Wang Wenhua. Qin Yizhen, the lady of the Lanzhou Chinese and foreign pharmacy, was deeply influenced by Xuanxia's father's thoughts, and she became the first female Communist Party member in the history of Gansu.
Gansu is a multi-ethnic province, and the work of ethnic unity is extremely important. Father Xuanxia and the Gansu Special Branch conscientiously implemented the policies and tactics of the CPC Northern Region Executive Committee on ethnic work, treated the Hui, Tibetan, and other ethnic minorities equally, and propagated progressive ideas to them.
The statue in the memorial hall recreates the scene of Xuanxia's father (second from left) helping to form the "Tibetan Culture Promotion Association".
The deep grasslands "sow fire" people
In Jiang Ai Road, Maqu County, the Memorial Hall of Xuanxia Father Martyrs is solemn and solemn. Chen Lijuan, a docent at the memorial hall, told reporters fondly about Xuanxia's father's trip to Maqu.
In the 1920s, the Tibetan people of Labrang in Xiahe, who had been bullied by the warlord Ma Qi for 10 years, were in dire straits, and they elected Huang Zhengqing, the brother of the Fifth Jiamu of Labrang Monastery, to lead a Tibetan delegation to Lanzhou to complain to the Nationalist Army. Huang Zhengqing and others met with Xuanxia's father and told them about the causes of the Labrang incident and the plight of the vast number of Tibetan monks and laypeople living in the Gannan steppe.
Xuanxia's father expressed deep sympathy, and he immediately reported to the Gansu Special Branch of the CPC. The Gansu Special Branch decided to support and help the Tibetan people of Gannan in carrying out a just struggle against the oppression of feudal warlords, starting with publicizing the party's policy of ethnic equality and raising the political consciousness of the ethnic minority masses, and determined that Father Xuanxia would be specifically responsible.
In May 1926, with the help of Xuanxia's father, Huang Zhengqing established the "Tibetan Culture Promotion Association" in Lanzhou. Xuanxia's father drafted the "Organizational Outline", "Declaration", "Constitution", etc. for the Promotion of the Association, and put forward the idea that "the culture advocated by the Tibetan Culture Promotion Association is the culture needed for the existence and independence of the nation..."
In August 1926, Xuanxia's father, accompanied by the translator Luo Zhanbiao and others, left Lanzhou for the Gannan Grassland. They trekked all the way through mountains and rivers, overcame various difficulties such as altitude sickness and living discomfort, and witnessed the tragic scene of Gannan being sacked by feudal warlords.
After more than ten days of horseback bumps, Xuanxia's father arrived at the 5th Jia mu sample and his father's yellow seat of refuge in the Machuola steppe. On the grasslands, Father Xuanxia was warmly welcomed by the Tibetan monks and laypeople, who patiently preached the revolutionary principles and the ideas of unity, equality, and mutual assistance.
At the suggestion of Xuanxia's father, the Fifth Emperor Jia Mu and Huang Weizhong convened a meeting of more than 230 tribal leaders within a radius of 400 miles in the Euler Steppe to prepare for the establishment of the "Ganqing Tibetan People's Grand Alliance".
At the meeting, Xuanxia's father said to everyone, "I have come to support you in your rebellion against the Warlord Ma Qi... To resist is to rely on one's own strength, and to have one's own strength, one must unite. Speaking of this, he stood up and pulled out a handful of grass, twisted it into a strand, and pulled it hard, how to pull continuously. He said: "This is unity. Then, one by one, they pulled apart, and the grass broke. He also said: "If we Tibetan compatriots want to unite, and all the tribes must unite and twist into a rope, we will be infinitely powerful..."
"After returning to Lanzhou after his trip to Gannan, Father Xuanxia reported the situation to Liu Yufen, the acting superintendent of the Gansu Provincial Supervision Office, urging the Supervision Office to order the warlords to evacuate the Labrang area, and on the other hand, on behalf of the Tibetan people, drafted the 'Letter of the Tibetan People of Ganbian Weeping against the People of the Nation,' which was widely distributed to all sectors of society and won the support of all sectors of society to the greatest extent possible." Chen Lijuan said that with the help of the Gansu Special Branch of the CPC and Xuanxia Father, and with the intervention of all sectors of society, the warlord Ma Qi was forced to evacuate the Labrang area in 1927, and the 10-year-long struggle of the Tibetan people in Gannan against the warlords won victory with the help of the Gansu Special Branch of the CPC and Xuanxia Father.
Statue of Xuanxia Father Martyr in the Xuanxia Father Martyrs Memorial Hall in Maqu County.
Disseminate the concept of national equality
"In the autumn of 1925, I was entrusted by the people of Xiahe Labrang and Jiamu Hutuktu V to go to Lanzhou with Luo Zhanbiao and others to accuse the Qinghai warlord Ma Qi... Comrade Xuanxia's father asked us about the situation with a sincere, simple and fraternal attitude. ”
In March 1984, Huang Zhengqing wrote in the article "Remembering My Mentor and Good Friend - Father Xuanxia": "We truthfully reported the anti-Maqi struggle, and after listening to it, he said, 'You are an ethnic minority, you should be respected and loved, now you want to talk about ethnic equality, you should not be oppressed by the Maqi warlords, your resistance is a righteous action... 'This is the first time I have heard 'national equality', and it is also the first time I have heard someone call Tibetans'. Ethnic minorities', with indescribable joy in their hearts, were moved to almost tears. ”
In the Marquoola steppe, Xuanxia's father proposed to "unite and survive for ourselves". At his suggestion, the Fifth Dynasty Jia Mu sample and the Yellow Middle Ethnic and Religious Circles formed the "Ganqing Tibetan People's Great Alliance", and Xuanxia's father drafted the "Declaration of the Ganqing Tibetan People's Great Alliance" (later renamed the "Ganbian Tibetan People's Support Association Declaration" when it was issued in Lanzhou).
Father Xuanxia also often went deep into the homes of the Tibetan masses to teach Tibetan compatriots to learn Chinese and learn to write Chinese characters, but at the same time actively studied Tibetan, learned to sing Tibetan songs, and thoroughly publicized the party's ethnic policy.
"Although Father Xuanxia's time in Maqu was only 50 days, he gave enthusiastic help and support to the people of Gannan from beginning to end, pointed out the bright road of self-reliance, self-improvement, and unity for the Tibetan people of Gannan who were oppressed by feudal warlords, and brought the dawn of hope to the Tibetan people who sought national liberation in the darkness." During the interview, Yong Zhongde, deputy director of the Gannan Prefecture People's Congress Standing Committee on behalf of the Personnel Work Committee and former director of the Memorial Hall of Xuanxia Father martyrs in Maqu County, said that Father Xuanxia created a precedent for the party's ethnic work in the Gannan grassland with unswerving faith in loyalty to the cause of the party and the people.
Today's beautiful street view of Maqu County. (Infographic)
Get out of the road of national unity and development
In the Tibetan Cultural Promotion Association, Father Xuanxia and others have cultivated a group of Tibetan compatriots who are eager for social progress and the development of modern culture and education through a short period of time. Under the influence of Xuanxia's father, Huang Zhengqing and others deeply felt the importance of developing modern cultural education in Tibetan areas, and in 1927, Huang Zhengqing and others moved the Tibetan Culture Promotion Association from Lanzhou to Labrang, further emphasizing that the purpose of the association was to "promote Tibetan culture and implement universal education."
In the autumn of 1928, the Association for the Promotion of The Advancement of Tibetans created the first primary school in Labrang Tibetan Area, Labrang Tibetan Primary School, to teach students Tibetan and Chinese, and since then there has been modern education in Labrang Tibetan Area. Since then, Gannan has successively established a number of schools to carry out cultural education and talent training.
At the end of 1926, Xuanxia's father left Lanzhou and continued to engage in revolutionary causes until he was kidnapped and assassinated by Kuomintang agents in Xi'an in 1938, at the age of 39.
Although the martyrs have passed away, their spirits are immortal. In 1997, the Maqu County Party Committee erected a monument engraving his revolutionary deeds at the County Martyrs' Cemetery. Every year during the Qingming Festival, cadres and masses from Gannan Prefecture and Maqu County spontaneously come to pay tribute to the martyrs of Xuanxia Father. In August 2016, the Xuanxia Father Martyrs Memorial Hall was officially opened. In the past five years, more than 220,000 visitors have visited the memorial hall, becoming a well-known patriotic education base.
2016 marks the 90th anniversary of Xuanxia's father's trip to Gannan. The Gannan Prefecture Party Committee and the State Government organized and held the "Seminar on the 90th Anniversary of Xuanxia's Father Gannan's Trip" in Maqu County.
"The spirit of national unity left behind by the martyr Xuanxia Father in Gannan has important historical and practical significance for further promoting the continuous development of our cause of national unity", experts and scholars from inside and outside the province expounded on the glorious life and revolutionary spirit of Xuanxia Father from multiple angles and in depth.
Following the revolutionary footprints of Xuanxia's father martyrs, a large number of outstanding Communist Party members, such as "Red Doctor" Li Gong and "Grassland Mamba" Wang Wanqing, took root in the Maqu Grassland and made positive contributions to the development and cause of national unity here.
"Tibetans and Han Chinese are the daughters of a mother, and our mother's name is China..." A moving song that sings the voices of the children of Tibetan villages on the snowy plateau. Today, in the Gannan grassland, the bright red party flag is flying high, and the flowers of national unity and harmonious development are blooming everywhere.