A Hundred Years of Party History Study Sound: "Longyuan Fire Sower - Xuanxia Father" II

"Longyuan Fire Broadcaster - Xuanxia Father" (II)

In revolutionary practice, Comrade Xuanxia realized that it is necessary to mobilize the masses in Gansu and carry out revolutionary activities. Local organizations of the Chinese Communist Party must be established. Therefore, soon after he arrived in Lanzhou, in accordance with the instructions of the Northern District Committee on the work of party building, he got in touch with Zhang Yiwu (also known as Zhang Gu), an underground Communist Party member who had returned to Lanzhou earlier, and jointly created the first branch of the CPC in Gansu. With their joint efforts, the Gansu Special Branch of the Communist Party of China was established in the winter of 1925. Comrade Zhang Yiwu served as secretary of the special branch, and Comrade Xuanxia's father and Comrade Qian Songquan served as a member of the special branch; the establishment of the special branch was a major event in the history of the Gansu revolution and brought new hope to the revolutionary struggle of the Gansu people. After the establishment of the special branch, it actively carried out work, mobilized the masses of workers and peasants, established mass organizations such as trade unions and peasant associations, and created periodicals to propagate revolutionary ideas. Father Chiao made remarkable achievements in carrying out revolutionary work.

Gansu is a multi-ethnic region, and the work of national unity is extremely important. Comrade Xia Father actively publicized and conscientiously implemented the party's ethnic policy, carried out ethnic work, and supported the just struggle of the Tibetan masses in Labrang Monastery against the reactionary warlord Ma Qi. Labrang Monastery is the center of social and religious activity of the Tibetan masses in Xiahe, Luqu and Maqu. In 1923, the Tibetan masses were brutally suppressed to resist the extortion of Ma Qi, the guardian of Ninghai Town, thousands of Tibetan compatriots were killed, monasteries were burned down, and hutuktu Jiamu-like living Buddhas fled to Ora on the ganchuan side. Since then, the diocese of Labrang Monastery has long been occupied by heavy troops of the Maqi faction, and the Tibetan masses have been oppressed and exploited by Maqi. In the autumn of 1925, Huang Zhengqing (Brother of Jia Muyan), as the general representative of the diocese of Labrang Monastery, led a delegation to appeal to the Gansu provincial government authorities and all walks of life, asking Ma Qi to withdraw his troops stationed at Labrang Monastery in order to ensure the stable life of tibetans. Comrade Xia Father expressed deep sympathy and concern for this, and on the one hand, he did Liu Yufen's work, asking him to help the Tibetan masses and drive out Ma Qi. On the other hand, he received them warmly as the Party Affairs Commissioner of the Political Department of the General Headquarters of the National Army, listened patiently to his opinions, and propagated the Party's ethnic policy to them and enlightened them. He pointed out: "Your case is not a dispute between so-and-so and so-and-so-B, but a problem of a weak and small nation being oppressed by local warlords, which cannot be solved entirely by relying on the government. You should pay attention to your own methods of survival, otherwise there is more than one Ma Qi in the world, and your lawsuit will never be completed. ”

In the spring of 1926, with the enthusiastic help and active support of Comrades Such as Father Xia, Huang Zhengqing and others established the "Tibetan Culture Promotion Association" in the Zhejiang Guild Hall in Lanzhou. Father Chivalrous taught his members to study culture, learn to sing revolutionary songs, personally explain to them the political situation and revolutionary principles at home and abroad, organize members and progressive students to go to theaters and other public places to carry out propaganda of "overthrowing the great powers, overthrowing the warlords, and overthrowing imperialism," and participating in various social activities. In the summer of that year, they held an oath-taking meeting at the East Campus and printed the "Letter of the Tibetans of Gannan Weeping against the People" drafted by the chivalrous father, announcing the facts of Ma Qi's sins in Gannan.

In order to solve the problem of Labrang Monastery, Father Xuanxia, as the representative of the Gansu Provincial Governor, personally went to the Gannan Tibetan area in August accompanied by Huang Zhengqing and Luo Zhanbiao. He rode horses, climbed mountains and waded through water, overcame the difficulties of life and language, and walked throughout the Gannan grasslands to actively carry out his work. He patiently listened to the opinions and demands of people from all walks of life and inspired them to strengthen their unity and oppose the oppression of the warlords. When the hero father arrived at Changzhah Monastery, he was warmly received by Huang Zhongzhong, the father of the Living Buddha. Huang Weizhong painfully told them about the various oppressive facts that Ma Qi had oppressed the Tibetan masses. After hearing this, Father Xia said, "The motivation for this distant coming is not only for your entanglement with Ma Qi, I hope to be able to help and contribute to the existence and independence of your nation." As for the lawsuit, I think it will be resolved soon. In a later conversation, he pointed out: "Only by raising its own strength can a nation be free from external aggression and oppression." At present, there is no talk of the rest of the cause, and the first step is to unite the Tibetans in the vicinity, and then slowly from near and far, to contact all the Tibetans, to gather under the whole organization, and then to try to improve the culture of the ordinary people and enrich their own armed forces. Huang Weizhong was inspired and encouraged by the profound analysis of the chivalrous father, and gladly said: "We are willing to fully listen to the teachings of Mr. Huang. Huang Weizhong accepted the suggestion of the xia father, and decided to first gather the tribal chiefs within four hundred miles to organize the Ganqing Tibetan people's great alliance, and the chivalrous father drafted the declaration. Soon, they came to Ora, the dwelling place of the Living Buddha, and convened a meeting attended by more than two hundred and thirty chiefs. At the meeting, Father Xuanxia gave a speech explaining the purpose and significance of organizing the Ganqing Tibetan People's Grand Alliance, and read out the "Declaration on the Establishment of the Ganqing Tibetan People's Grand Alliance" drafted by him. Huang Weizhong read the oath and decided to meet again in Xichang in October to formally form an alliance. After the meeting, many chiefs came to visit Father Xuanxia, expressing their full acceptance of his advice on "uniting and striving for their own survival" and presenting him with silver and gifts. The hero's father repeatedly did not accept his words, and because he repeatedly wanted to send them, he said that he would donate the silver money he had given back to Lanzhou's descendants and donate them to the Lanzhou Revolutionary Youth Weekly Newspaper, showing the revolutionary virtues of the communists who were honest and honest in performing official duties.

Father Xuanxia spent more than fifty days in Gannan, and everywhere he went, he had extensive contacts with the masses of all nationalities, took advantage of every opportunity to propagate the revolutionary principles and the Party's ethnic policy, called for the strengthening of unity among the people of all ethnic groups, and fought for democracy and freedom. When he was passing through Xichang Monastery, he encountered a brawl between the Tibetan herders of Xichang and Amuquhu fighting over a piece of grass, and the hero father immediately found the chiefs of both sides to patiently persuade and criticize them. It also called for mutual strengthening of solidarity and put an end to this struggle.

After Xuanxia's father returned to Lanzhou, he actively carried out work and continued to support the struggle of the Tibetan people. After he left Lanzhou, Comrade Jia Zongzhou supported Huang Zhengqing and others in their struggle. After a long struggle, Ma Qi was forced to order the withdrawal of the army from Labrang Monastery in April 1927, and the Labrang Setup Bureau was established, and the living Buddha of Jammu returned to Labrang Monastery, and the struggle was finally won. His father was also loved by the Tibetan monks and gave him the Tibetan name Zahi Trilun. When Comrade Xuanxia father marched west to Lanzhou with the Second Division of the Nationalist Army, although the Provisional Party Department of the Kuomintang gansu Province had already been established, the power of the Party Department was controlled by bureaucrats, gentry, and speculators, so there were only empty signboards but no actual revolutionary activities. In order to implement the party's united front policy and expand the revolutionary forces, comrades Xia Father, Kun Quan, and other comrades served as members of the Provisional Party Department of the Kuomintang gansu province in accordance with the instructions of the party organizations and the General Political Department of the Kuomintang, actively straightened out the party affairs in Gansu, strengthened the forces of the leftists, and promoted the development of revolutionary work.

In September 1926, after the news of Feng Yuxiang's oath in Wuyuan reached Lanzhou, the revolutionary mood of the masses was high, and in order to meet the needs of the development of the situation in Lanzhou, Comrade Xia Father and other comrades helped establish the Kuomintang Lanzhou Municipal Party Department. However, Changsha Yuepo, the education department that called himself a "special party member," was originally a feudal remnant who advocated retro Bible reading, and at this time, a group of small and medium-sized gentry in Lanzhou's education circles were recruited to convene a joint meeting of Lanzhou teachers and staff." These wandering spirits, representing feudal ideology, openly issued a declaration to "purge the municipal party department", expel the left wing of the Kuomintang, put them in charge of the municipal party department, and then dominate Lanzhou, and vow not to give up until the goal is achieved. Father Xia and others led the left wing of the municipal party department and waged a resolute struggle. The next day, they issued a tit-for-tat manifesto exposing the shady scenes of the joint meeting of faculty and staff, pointing out that the joint meeting of faculty and staff was a reactionary combination of petty politicians who attempted to use despicable means to invade the Kuomintang and usurp leadership. The declaration stated that in order to eliminate the feudal forces, the municipal party department would drive out these scum in the educational circles. Then, at the party members' meeting held by the municipal party department, according to the proposal of Comrade Xia's father, it was decided to expel Sha Yuepo from the party for six months, and announced it to the public with a special notice. Since then, the backbone of the faculty and staff joint meeting has disappeared, and the left has been strengthened. During this period, his father also opened a training center for political trainers, and he became the director of academic affairs and trained a group of political staff for the National Army.

Narrator: Yang Linhu

Selected from: Biography of Modern Revolutionary Figures in Gansu (1)

Author: Gansu Provincial Party History Figures Research Association

Publisher: Gansu People's Publishing House