Zhuge Liang is all familiar to us, and he was a great contributor to the Shu Han in his lifetime, and he also made great contributions to the establishment of the Shu Han.
However, in order to fulfill his promise to Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang began the Northern Expedition after Liu Chan ascended the throne, but Zhuge Liang's six Northern Expeditions were all fruitless, so why did such a result occur? There are three reasons for this.
1. Employment errors
During Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, he misused Ma Mo to guard the street pavilion, and as a result, Ma Mo adopted the wrong strategy, resulting in the failure to defend the street pavilion, leaving the Shu army in a passive position.
Zhuge Liang had no choice but to return to Hanzhong with his army and declared the first Northern Expedition a failure. This also foreshadowed the failure of Zhuge Liang's entire Northern Expedition, because it was not a good omen to be unfavorable.
Everything is difficult at the beginning, if the war is not good, then the morale of the sergeant will be frustrated, and the strategic deployment will be readjusted, so the victory of the first battle is very important.
Zhuge Liang did not listen to Liu Bei's words and misused Ma Mo, resulting in a heavy blow to the Shu army, which made Zhuge Liang regret it too much, but it was too late.
2. Lack of grain and grass
The lack of grain and grass has weakened the army's combat effectiveness. The Shu Han region has more mountains, it is difficult to grow grain and grass, and the harvest is also very limited, and the natural environment determines that the grain and grass of the Shu Han are not enough for the army to eat.
The soldiers were very physically exhausted in battle, and they needed to replenish a large amount of grain to maintain their physical strength, but the Shu kingdom did not have enough grain, and it was also difficult to transport grain and grass in the mountains, which may cause delays in transportation.
Li Yan asked Zhuge Liang to retire because of the delay in transporting grain, and as a result, he was severely punished by Zhuge Liang, who deposed Li Yan and demoted him to a civilian.
If the Grain and Grass of the Shu Han Dynasty were sufficient and the transportation was convenient, how could Li Yan have such a situation. We know that the soldiers and horses did not move, and the grain and grass went first, but the Shu Han grain and grass were insufficient, resulting in the possibility of the Shu Han's continuous combat being suspended, and it was impossible to win.
3. Lack of successors
The main reason why Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition failed to succeed was the lack of successors in the Shu kingdom. Before Liu Bei became emperor, he had many famous generals, such as the Five Tiger Generals, but after Liu Chan took the throne, the Five Tigers General was only Zhao Yun.
Zhao Yun also died of illness during the Northern Expedition, and Zhang Fei's sons also died young due to frequent battles, which caused them to be seriously injured.
At this time, there were actually not many talented generals left in the Shu Kingdom, and there was no suitable replenishment of fresh blood, and Zhuge Liang only received one Jiang Wei, which was far from enough for the Shu State.
Fighting a war requires many generals, but there are only a few generals in the Shu state who can lead troops to fight, which is also a major reason for Zhuge Liang's accumulation of labor and illness.
Although Zhuge Liang restarted the alliance between Wu and Shu, after Sun Quan became emperor, there was a struggle in the inner court, and the state of Wu also showed a downward trend at this time, and Sun Quan could not take care of the state of Shu.
During Zhuge Liang's Sixth Northern Expedition, the famous generals were only Jiang Wei, Wang Ping, Wei Yan, Ma Dai and others, but for a war, the available talent was far from enough, which weakened the momentum of the Shu army.
In fact, this also foreshadows the end of the Shu Kingdom, after Zhuge Liang, the Shu Kingdom no longer has such a person as Zhuge Liang to revitalize the Shu Kingdom. Liu Chan's final surrender to the State of Wei was also inevitable, so Zhuge Liang also knew the outcome of Zhuge Liang's failed Northern Expedition.
The failure of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition can also give modern entrepreneurs a hint that a company wants to be successful, the company's strategy cannot be wrong, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the employment is correct and reasonable, and it is necessary to continuously supplement the appropriate reserve talents.
This also warns us that whether a company can develop benignly is closely related to the quality of the company's human resources.
bibliography:
Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 72
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Zhuge Liang
About the Author:
Chopin: I like Chinese history and have unique views on historical figures and events. I hope to restore the truth of history through words and uncover the little-known secrets of history. Learn about history, grasp the present, and have the wisdom of life.
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