Gansu goji berry disease and pest control strategy and technology
Lycium barbarum L. It is an important variety of Chinese medicinal materials with the same origin as medicine and food in China, one of the "Top Ten Long Medicines" in Gansu Province, and is a traditional authentic medicinal material in Gansu Province. In 2015, the planting area of goji berries in Gansu Province has reached 4. 790,000 hm2, output 8. 30,000 tons, the total output value of about 27. 9.8 billion yuan, for the main production area of high-quality goji berries in China. Gansu goji berries are mainly concentrated in the newly opened wasteland along the deserts of Baiyin, Jiuquan, Wuwei, Jinchang and Zhangye. Due to the lush stems and leaves, sweet juice and rich nutrition, goji berries are susceptible to the harm of diseases and insects, with many prevention and control times, large amounts of pesticides, and high risks. On the basis of summarizing the research results of wolfberry risk assessment and key technologies for green food wolfberry production in recent years, the author proposes the prevention and control strategies and technologies of wolfberry diseases and insects in Gansu green food.
1 Main pests and diseases and occurrence characteristics
Gansu wolfberry pests include wolfberry wood lice, wolfberry gall mite, wolfberry aphid, wolfberry red gall mosquito, wolfberry thrips, wolfberry fruit fly, wolfberry rust mite, wolfberry borer moth, wolfberry green turtle shell, wolfberry black blind bug, wolfberry cathopper, wolfberry aphid, wolfberry aphid, wolfberry aphid, wolfberry black fruit disease, wolfberry root rot disease occurs, Powdery mildew occurs less often.
Among the wolfberry insect pests, the wolfberry lice sting in late March, the overwintering adults lay eggs on the young leaves of the first development when the wolfberry germinates in early April, and the first generation of adult insects appears in mid-May, 4 generations a year, and there are 3 peak periods of adult insects, namely mid-to-late April, early and mid-July, mid-to-late September, and March to May is the peak period of wolfberry lice activity. Wolfberry aphids hatched into dry females in late March, the 2nd and 3rd generations of winged aphids appeared, multiplied and spread in the field, began to harm when goji berries germinated, bloomed in May to June, endangered young leaves, and the number of aphids increased sharply in June and early july, the density of insect populations was the smallest in August, and the autumn shoots were rebounded in September; the first peak period was from early June to late July, and the second peak period was from late August to late September. Goji berries begin to appear a small amount of tumor gall in mid-to-late April, and from mid-May to June, as the temperature rises, the gall mites multiply rapidly, and in mid- and late August, when the autumn shoots are withdrawn, they are transferred to the autumn shoots, reaching the second peak. Wolfberry infestations are characterized by multiple generations occurring in a year, insects at the same time, and overlapping insect life histories.
The anthrax of wolfberry disease in wolfberry disease, from late June to early August is the peak period, the epidemic rate of rainy disease is fast, and the whole park is affected within 2 to 3 days when it encounters heavy rain. Goji root rot is related to management measures, low-lying water, soil stickiness, extensive tillage is susceptible to disease, rainy years, insufficient light, over-dense planting, improper pruning, alkaline soil, mechanical trauma can also lead to serious diseases.
2 Pesticide residue risk
In recent years, the results of the risk assessment of pesticide residues in goji berries in Gansu production areas show that the pesticides detected in goji berries in Gansu are imidacloprid, acetamiprid, carbendazim, chlorpyrifosine, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, phenoxymethanazole, avermectin, gram mite, fluosilazole, pentazool, pyridoxine, spironite, flufenalis, dimethoxam, thiamethoxam, Cparupro, tetrafenazine, enyl morpholine and other 21 species; according to the standard of "Green Food Goji Berry and Its Products", the over-standard pesticide is cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, phenoxymethaclazole, etc., according to EU standards, the pesticides exceeding the standard are acetamiprid, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, carbendazim, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, and phenoxymethaclazole.
3 Pesticide registration
In 2014, China formulated the industry standard for the residue limit of 15 kinds of pesticides such as carbendazim in goji berries, and in 2016, it formulated the national standard for the residue limit of imidacloprid and cypermethrin in goji berries. At present, there are only three kinds of applicable pesticides registered in the production of goji berries: imidacloprid, phenyl etherthiconazole, and pyridine.
4 Prevention and control strategies
According to the occurrence characteristics of the main diseases and insect pests of Gansu goji berries, the risk of pesticide residues, the pesticide residue limits of green foods goji berries, and the registration of goji berry pesticides, the prevention and control strategies of gansu goji berry pests and diseases are: (1) Take goji berry aphids, goji berry aphids and goji gall mites as an overall control goal, consider as a whole, and comprehensively implement policies. Wolfberry black fruit disease is prevented according to climatic conditions, and wolfberry root rot is prevented and controlled according to the incidence of disease. (2) The prevention and control of goji berry diseases and insect pests is divided into 5 stages: early spring garden closure, comprehensive prevention and control before fruit picking, biological control at the summer fruit stage, biological control at the autumn fruit stage, and autumn garden closure. (3) Comprehensively apply the methods of agricultural control, biological control and chemical control to achieve the purpose of safe, effective, economic and environmental protection. (4) Adopt the principle of "heavy at both ends and light in the middle", accurately grasp the dosage and number of applications, strictly implement the safety interval, and pay attention to the rotation of pesticides. (5) The principle of taking into account the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the same period, grasp the key period of prevention and control, and reduce the number of applications.
5 Prevention and control technology
５． 1 Early Spring Garden Closure (
Late March to early April)
Early spring is the growth period of adult goji berry lice and hatching of wolfberry aphids into dry mothers and solitary females, which is the best control period of the year, which can significantly reduce the overwintering base of diseases and insect pests.
５． １． 1 Thorough clearance of the garden From the end of February to the middle of March, the wolfberry trees are pruned, and the pruned branches and residual diseases and fruits that fall down, as well as the weeds, fallen leaves, and goji root seedlings in the garden and the field are all removed, taken out of the garden, burned in a concentrated manner, and reduced the overwintering base.
５． １． 2 Full closure Of the garden In early April (before germination), it is the stinging period of the overwintering adults of the wolfberry psyllid, the incubation period of the dry mother of the aphids, and the spawning period of the overwintering gall mite, which is the key period for the prevention and control of three kinds of pests, and 48% poison tick emulsion should be used to deal with the tree body, ground, field edge and ground of the wolfberry garden 66. ６ｍｌ ／ ６６７ｍ２ （０． 125% concentration of solution) +45% stone sulfur compound 200g /667m2 (0. 4% concentration of the solution) spray, for a complete closure, depressing the overwintering base.
５． 2 The period of comprehensive prevention and control before fruit picking (may to mid-June) is the period of rapid reproduction of wolfberry psyllids, wolfberry gall mites and wolfberry aphids, the use of drugs is safe, and the use of long-lasting chemical pesticides to control diseases and insect pests lays the foundation for the use of biological pesticides in the summer fruit stage.
５． ２． 1 Agricultural control After irrigation water, the goji berry garden is turned over once, and the pruning work can be carried out every 5 to 7 days during the growing season, and the long branches germinated in the rhizome, trunk, chamber and canopy of the plant and the strong branches that are heavily harmed by aphids and wood lice pests. The root rot disease plant is dug up in time, and the soil around the diseased plant is deeply turned over and exposed to the sun or applied to lime disinfection, and if necessary, it can be replaced with new soil and replanted with healthy plants.
５． ２． 2 Pharmaceutical control The period from the extraction of new branches to the blooming period of old eye branches is the rapid reproduction period of goji berry psyllids, gall mites and aphids, and the chemical pesticide control with a long duration can be selected to lower the insect population base. The pesticide for the control of pyllids and aphids is 5% imidacloprid emulsion 0. 05% concentration of the solution, or 25% praziflazone 0. 05% concentration of solution, or 3% acetamidine emulsion 0. 033% concentration of solution, or 50% fludaramide water dispersible granules 0. 0125% concentration of solution, or high efficiency cypermethrin emulsion 0. 08% concentration of solution; 5% pyridine mite emulsion for the control of gall mite pesticide 0. 05% concentration of the solution, or 20% tetramethazine suspension 0. 05% concentration of the solution, or 11% ethosazole suspension 0. 02% concentration of the solution, or 5% azole mite ester suspension 0. 05% concentration of the solution, control insects, mite pesticides each choose one, with control. When there are slight peeling spots at the rhizome, use 80% Daisen manganese zinc wettable powder 0. 2% concentration of the solution, or 50% carbendazim suspension 0. 25% concentration of solution to irrigate roots, 5 ~ 10L / plant, once a month, a total of 2 to 3 times, prevention and control of root rot.
５． 3 Summer fruit biological control (late June to early August) The main diseases and insect pests in the fruit picking period are aphids, gall mites, wood lice, black fruit disease occurs in years with more rainfall, this period should be mainly biological pesticides, chemical pesticides as a supplement, chemical pesticides should be selected for a short safety interval.
５． ３． 1 Agricultural control And pruning work is carried out every 5 to 7 days, along the canopy from bottom to top, from the inside to the outside, to cut off the rhizome, trunk, chamber, canopy germination of long branches and strong branches and fruit branches with serious pests and diseases. After irrigation, weeding was cultivated in time, and the depth of soil was 15 to 20 cm in late August.
５． ３． 2 Bioprotection 1. 2% Nicotine · Matrine Emulsion 60mL / 667m2 (0. 1% concentration of the solution), or 0. 3% matrine soluble liquid 120mL / 667m2 (0. 2% concentration of the solution), or 0. 5% Neem Emulsion 75mL / 667m2 (0. 125% concentration of solution), or 5% pyrethroid emulsion 30 mL / 667 m2 (0. 05% concentration of the solution), or 0. 2% berberine soluble liquid 60mL / 667m2 (0. 1% concentration of the solution), or 0. 01% cantharidin water agent 75 ml / 667 m2 (0. 125% concentration of solution) for the control of aphids, gall mites, psyllids.
５． ３． 3 Chemical control with 5% imidacloprid emulsion 0. 05% concentration of the solution, or 25% praziflazone 0. 05% concentration of solution) spray control aphids, wood lice, spray on the second day after picking. When the weather forecast is rainy, use 25% azoxystrobin suspension agent 0. 067% concentration of solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0. Spray at a 1% concentration of the solution to prevent black fruit disease.
５． 4 Biological control and control at the autumn fruit stage (September) focuses on aphids and gall mites, and the control methods are the same as 5. 3 (Pest control at the summer fruit stage).
５． 5 [Yoshiyama Huayao] Autumn closure (late October) with 48% chlorpyrifos emulsion 66. ６ｍＬ ／ ６６７ｍ２ （０． 125% concentration) +45% stone sulfur compound 200g/ 667m2 (0. 4% concentration) to seal the garden, kill the overwintering adults, reduce the overwintering pest eggs and bacteria.
