After Qin Shi Huang unified China, because he was afraid of the history of more than 500 years of strife among nations, he was greatly sensitive and taboo to the situation of the hundred schools of thought in pre-Qin scholarship and the cultural creation spirit of the scholar class, which led to the tragedy of book burning and Confucianism. The symbolic significance of this tragedy is very obvious--any disrespect and disrespect and resistance of the warriors to the ruler is unforgivable. The unique and uninhibited cultural concepts of the scholars must be deprived, and their extensive and diverse cultural styles must be constrained.
Due to the extreme cultural autocratic policies of the Qin Dynasty, literary creation was unprecedentedly snubbed. Coupled with the short time of the Qin Dynasty, there are only a few literary works that have been handed down.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > one is Lü Buwei's "Lü's Spring and Autumn"</h1>
Also known as "Lü Lan", it is a miscellaneous masterpiece compiled by the disciples under the auspices of Lü Buwei, the xiang state of the Qin State. It was written on the eve of Qin Shi Huang's unification of China. This book takes the "Taoist doctrine" as the main trunk, and uses the ideological theories of the famous masters, the Legalists, the Confucians, the Mojia, the Peasants, the Bingjia, and the Yin-YangJia as the materials, and the hundred schools of thought of the Sons are fused into one furnace, flashing the light of profound wisdom. Lü Buwei wanted to use this as an ideology after the unification of Great Qin. However, qin shi huang, who later came to power, chose the idea of the Legalist family, which frustrated all the sons and hundreds of families, including Confucianism. "Lü Shi Chunqiu" is a collection of pre-Qin Confucian masterpieces, is the representative work of the miscellaneous families at the end of the Warring States period, the whole book is divided into 26 volumes, divided into 12 years, eight books, six treatises, 160 articles, more than 200,000 words.
The days are no longer with, and the time will soon remain,
If you can do two things, things are deserved.
Excerpt from "Lü's Spring and Autumn Classics, Filial Piety"
Heaven will not give people two chances, timing will not stay for a long time, human talent will not do both things particularly well at the same time, and the key to success lies in grasping the timing.
The flowing water is not corrupt, and the household center is not beetle
Excerpt from "Lü Shi Chunqiu Ji Ji Chun Ji"
The flowing water does not stink, and the door shaft that often turns is not easily mothed.
Do not know and think that they know,
The Sect of Hundred Evils also.
Excerpt from "Lü's Spring and Autumn Classics, You have a beginning"
Not knowing but thinking you know is the root of all evil.
All must be lacking,
The pole will be reversed,
Profit is loss.
Excerpt from "Lü's Spring and Autumn Treatise on the Theory of Non-Scribility"
If it is too perfect, there will be defects, and if it develops to the extreme, it will inevitably go to the opposite side, and if it is too full, it will inevitably lose.
Easier said than done
It is easy to speak, but it is difficult to pay for action.
If you fish as much as you can, won't you get it? And next year there will be no fish;
Burn the field and don't you get it? And next year there are no beasts.
Drain the pond water and go fishing, but in the second year there will be no fish; if the swamp is burned down and hunted, it will not be able to fight, but in the second year there will be no beast. It means that doing things should not only seek immediate interests, but should have long-term plans.
Whoever wants to overcome others must first win himself;
Whoever wants to judge man must first speak for himself;
Whoever wants to know others must first know himself.
If you want to defeat your opponent, you must first defeat yourself, if you want to evaluate others, you must first evaluate yourself correctly, and if you want to understand others, you must first understand yourself.
Good scholars, dummies make up for their weaknesses.
Excerpt from "Lü Shi Chunqiu Ji Mengxia Ji"
People who are good at learning always take the strengths of others to make up for their own shortcomings.
If you look at yourself, you can know people,
If you look at the present, you can know the ancients.
Excerpt from "Lü's Spring and Autumn Classics, Shen Da Shu"
By knowing yourself, you can understand others, and by understanding the present, you can understand the ancient times.
If you have ten good horses, you will not get one Bole;
To get ten good swords, it is better to get one Ouye;
It is better to have a thousand miles than to have a saint.
It is better to get ten good horses than to get a man who is good at soma; it is better to get ten good swords than to get a man who is good at forging swords; it is better to get a saint than to get a thousand miles of land.
Manna when it rains, not a private thing;
The Lord of all nations is not alone.
Excerpt from "Lü Shi Chunqiu Ji Meng Chun Ji"
When it rains and water, it will not favor anything; the monarch of all nations does not favor a single person.
The world is in chaos, and there is no peace in the country;
A country is in chaos, and there is no home;
The family is in chaos, and there is no one to live.
Excerpt from "Lü Shi Chunqiu On Shi Rong"
When the whole world is in chaos, there will be no stable country; when the whole country is in chaos, there will be no stable family; when the whole family is in chaos, there will be no stable individual.
There is no big fish in the well,
New Forest no Nagagi also.
There are no big fish in the wells, and no big trees in the new forest.
If you want to know straightness, you must be on the line;
If you want to know the square circle, you must be disciplined.
To know whether an object is straight, then you must measure it with a criterion; if you want to know whether an object is square or round, you must use rules to measure it.
The longest is shorter, the shortest is long, and the way of heaven is also.
Excerpt from "Lü's Spring and Autumn Treatise on The Theory of Xiangshun"
When the day reaches its longest, it will turn shorter; when the day reaches its shortest, it will turn to become longer, which is the inevitable law of nature's operation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="408" > second is Lis's Book of Expulsion</h1>
The only literati in the Qin Dynasty whose works have survived is Li Si, whose "Book of Expulsion" is laid out and compared, longitudinally discussed, logical, and full of literary style. In addition, Li Si's extant prose also includes the "Book of Supervision", "Yan Zhao Gao Shu", and "Prison Book"; at the same time, the carved stone inscriptions that record Qin Shi Huang's parade of Feng Zen are also mostly from Li Si's hand.
Stone stele of the Book of Expulsion
The Book of Expulsion is a piece of discussion that Li Sishang gave to Qin Shi Huang. Li Si was originally a native of Shangcai (present-day Henan) in the Chu state, and later lobbied to persuade the King of Qin to unify the world, and was highly valued by the King of Qin and worshipped as a guest secretary. The so-called "Keqing" was the title given to those who were officials in the Qin State of other countries at that time. Later, in the first year of the reign of the King of Qin (246 BC), such an incident occurred: Korea sent a water conservancy expert named Zheng Guo to the Qin state to build irrigation canals for more than three hundred miles, in an attempt to deplete Qin's national strength. Zheng Guo said: "The subject was the life of Han Yan for several years, but it was also the benefit of Qin Wanshi." Finally let him finish the project. However, those Qin nobles who affected their own power because of Keqing's entry into Qin used this incident to provoke the King of Qin, saying that foreign Guests entering Qin had ulterior motives and should be driven away. By the tenth year of the reign of the Qin Dynasty, the King of Qin accepted their advice and ordered the expulsion of all the guest secretaries, and Li Si was also expelled. So he wrote this "Letter of Expulsion" to advise the King of Qin not to expel Keqing. The article repeatedly expounded the mistakes of expelling Keqing from the height of the unification of the qin state, and wrote it with sufficient reason and eloquence, so it impressed the king of Qin, so that he withdrew the fate of expelling guests and restored Li Si's official position, and the "Book of Expelling Guests" became a well-known article that has been recited by people for thousands of years.
Sima Qian's "History of Li Silie's Biography": "The King of Qin Baisi is a guest secretary, and the Korean Zheng Guo comes to Qin to make a note of irrigation, and he has already realized that the Qin Emperor's ministers all said that the King of Qin said: The princes who come to qin are mostly in Qin'er for their main tour, and all the guests are invited." Li Siyi was also in the process of chasing, and Si Nai wrote: ... The King of Qin was ordered to remove the guests and restore Li Siguan. ”
Liu Xun said in the "Treatise on the Dragon sculpture of Wenxin": "Li Sizhi stopped expelling guests, and went along with the opportunity, moving words and doing things, although he criticized the scales, and the achievements were combined, and the good theory of this book was also." ”
Li Tu of the Song Dynasty wrote in the "Essence of the Article": "The things in the Central Plains do not come from Qin, and Qin uses them, and the Jews do not come from Qin, and Qin does not use them. ”
Lin Yunming's "Ancient Texts and New Meanings": "Qin's eviction of guests, with the clan ministers referring to the princes to do things in Qin, are all their main travel ears." Since Li Si is in the middle of the school, it is inconvenient for him to write a letter to stop the reason. ...... The stakes are visible, and there is no need to ask for their orders, but to make themselves remove, but not to stop them. Play carefully with the writing, and when you write, there will be a period of unprovoked and unsubstantiated atmosphere. Therefore, I can't help but be confused, suddenly saying, suddenly saying, suddenly repeating, mo can not be, so it is better. ”
Lu Xun commented in the Outline of the History of Chinese Literature: "Li Si is only a person in Qin's article. ”
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