To celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Jiangjin Museum specially curated the exhibition "Witnessing the Centennial Journey". The exhibition takes the form of a chronicle, with the cpc's century-old struggle as the background, divided into four units: "awakening", "salvation", "new life" and "opening", supplemented by scenes, exhibiting more than 100 precious photos and historical materials, and more than 30 key revolutionary cultural relics. In order to further make good use of red resources and continue the red bloodline, 10 revolutionary cultural relics in the exhibition are specially selected for in-depth narration. Through telling the red story well, we feel the feelings of the ancestors of the Jiangjin Revolution whose revolutionary ideals are higher than the heavens, and adhere to the original intention and mission in the inheritance.
Wu Fangji of the Republic of China read the manuscript after reading the "History of Diplomatic Failure"
Wu Fangji of the Republic of China read the "History of Diplomatic Failure" and displayed the manuscript exhibition hall
The manuscript of Wu Fangji of the Republic of China after reading the "History book of diplomatic failure", 30.8 cm high and 13.8 cm wide, a total of 8 pages, is now in the Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum (Chongqing Museum), and was exhibited in the special exhibition "Witnessing the Centennial Journey" at the Jiangjin Museum from July 1, 2021 to December 20, 2021 through inter-museum communication.
Wu Fangji
The manuscript after Wu Fangji of the Republic of China read the "History book of diplomatic failure" is a class composition written by Wu Fangji when he was 13 years old when he was studying in Jiangjin Jukui. Wu Fangji (1896-1932), a native of Jiangjin, Chongqing, the character Biliu, known as the "White House Poet", created the "Wanrong Words" comparable to "Peacock Southeast Flying", is a famous patriotic poet in China and one of the founders of Chongqing University.
The artifact consists of 8 pages and consists of two parts. Pages 1-5 are the main text of the essay written by Wu Fangji, and at 2 o'clock, about 1,420 words are written. The whole text quotes the past and the present, the language is incisive, combined with current affairs, and deeply analyzes why China was divided by the great powers. From the beginning of the Chinese national civilization, although the national wars of successive dynasties and dynasties have been continuous, "there is no theory of extinction of the species and the destruction of the country, nor the law of international diplomacy." At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were many foreign enemies such as Portugal, Dutch, and British, and "our people like the essence of their utensils, love the magic of their production, and do not try to strengthen themselves by buying and selling", sowing the seeds of a national crisis that modern China has not encountered for thousands of years. Then, through 5 "the disadvantages of not examining foreign affairs", he deeply analyzed the failure of Chinese diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty, saw the corruption of the Qing Dynasty, and saw the backwardness of the social system, and sighed "from the front to the front, sad!" China I want to enlighten. From the back, alas! I want to cry. And at the end of the article, he issued : "If you can judge foreign affairs and try to strengthen yourself, how dare others despise it, and how dare you propose to divide the bean," and how can diplomacy fail." " call.
The 6-8 pages of the cultural relics are approved, and the text is: It was approved for Xiao Qisheng in Rong County, when it was in the Black Stone Mountain in the first year of Xuantong. Xiao Qisheng is Wu Fangji's benefactor. Xiao Xiang (1875-1918), also spelled Qisheng, was a native of Rong County, Sichuan. From 1904 to 1906, he studied in Japan and joined the League. After returning to his hometown, he vigorously propagated the democratic revolution, engaged in anti-Qing struggles, was hunted down by the Qing government, and with the help of his classmate Deng Hedan, came to Jukui Academy to teach, and vigorously propagated the revolution and advocated democracy, so that Jukui teachers and students became more and more inclined to revolution, especially for Wu Fangji to embark on the literary road and become a famous patriotic poet, he played an important role in promoting Wu Fangji, and became a generation of famous teachers. The approval essay changed from the beginning of the speech "After a day of reading the papers, I was a little tired", to the later "make my spirit vibrate also", and finally issued "Aggressive weird!" "Highly rated.
Xiao Xiangting (located on the campus of Jukui Middle School in Jiangjin District, Chongqing)
After Wu Fangji read the manuscript of the "History book of diplomatic failures", the whole article had high intentions and profound understanding, reflecting his strong feelings of worrying about the country and the people, as well as his yearning for and pursuit of science and democracy. This was a very rare sight for a 13-year-old student more than 100 years ago, so Wu Fangji was called a prodigy at the time, but this was actually inseparable from the environment in which he lived and studied.
Wu Fangji lived in the place when he was a teenager, the surrounding environment is noisy, there are many prostitutes and gamblers, his father Wu Chuanjiang used lime to paint the wall door white and write the "White House Wu House" sign, which means that this is a clean house, requiring his children to be innocent and upright! In 1910, Wu Fangji was admitted to Tsinghua Garden in Beijing, but was expelled from the school because his classmates were insulted by American professors and were unfair. After the September 18 Incident, Wu Fangji, then the principal of Jiangjin Middle School, not only wrote many poems that were magnificent and boosted the morale of the people, but also went to Chongqing and Jiangjin to give speeches and publicize the anti-Japanese resistance. At a rally in Chongqing, he took the stage to recite his newly composed anti-Japanese poem "The Song of the Ba People". This poem was recited for a while and became a mobilization order to arouse the people's resistance to the war. When he returned to Jiangjin and recited the "Ba Ren Song" again, he suddenly turned pale and collapsed, and died on May 9, 1932.
Tomb of Wu Fangji (Jiangjin District-level Cultural Relics Protection Unit, located on the campus of Jukui Middle School in Jiangjin District, Chongqing)
The Jukui Academy attended by Wu Fangji was a famous school in Sichuan at that time, now Jukui Middle School, located on Heishi Mountain, Baisha Town, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, starting from the establishment of Jukui Yishu in the ninth year of tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, developing into Jukui Academy, Jukui Academy, Jukui Primary School, Jukui Middle School, and has been merged with Xinben Middle School and Jiangjin No. 3 Middle School, until today there is a history of about 150 years. In the thirty-first year of the Qing Dynasty (1905 AD), the imperial examination system, which prevailed for more than 1300 years, was abolished. It was in this year that Jukui College was changed to Jukui Academy, and Deng Hexiang, the former head of the college, became the head of the school, and in addition to leaving some young college students, he began to recruit five-year primary school boys. In 1906, when Wu Fangji was 10 years old, he moved to Baisha Town with his father and entered the restructured Jukui Primary School to receive a new education. Under the influence of anti-Qing patriotic thinking, the school has set off a democratic and revolutionary wind among teachers and students, making "saving China and serving Sangzi" a school value widely recognized by teachers and students, and highlighting the characteristics of "saving the country" and "dedication".
After Wu Fangji read the "History of Diplomatic Failures," he was one of the earliest works in the Jiangjin area to propagate the ideas of "science" and "democracy." After the opening of the port of Chongqing in 1891, Jiangjin, as an important city along the river in the upper reaches of Chongqing, Western culture has brought great influence to the culture and education of Jiangjin, and Jiangjin began to run new schools, which opened the thinking of many people of insight. This cultural relic is an important physical material for studying the literary value of Wu Fangji, and is of great significance to the study of the development of modern education and the spread of democratic ideas in Chongqing.
Resources:
Pang Guoxiang: "Tear Splash Poetry Crying Cangsheng"
Jiang Lu: Research on the Mechanism of School Culture Generation in Jukui Middle School