In 1644, on March 19 of the lunar calendar, Li Zicheng's Dashun army invaded the city of Beijing, and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty fell. March 19 has become the most unforgettable memory in the hearts of some people.
In the fifth year of Shunzhi, in a temple in Yichun, Jiangxi, there was a 24-year-old monk, whose legal name was Xue, who always looked very melancholy and liked to use paintings to dispel his inner grief and indignation. However, in his paintings, there is often a strange symbol, like the shape of a white crane, and people do not understand the meaning of this symbol (the red symbol in the upper left corner of the picture below).
Many years later, it was understood that this symbol meant "March 19th", and this monk used this special way to commemorate his deep feelings for his homeland, because the monk's name was Zhu Yun (dā), who was the tenth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor. Speaking of Zhu Yun, everyone may not be familiar with him, and he also has a nickname, called "Bada Shanren".
As the saying goes, under the nest, there are eggs, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's descendants were burned and robbed, and many "Taizu bloodlines" had to hide their names and flee everywhere. When Chongzhen hanged himself, Zhu Yun was 19 years old, and his father fled with the whole family to Yichun, Jiangxi, and later his father died of illness, and Zhu Yun took on the obligation to take care of his mother and brother. In order to avoid being pursued and killed by the Qing court, Zhu Yun was ordained as a monk and ordained by his mother.
Zhu Yun was a descendant of Zhu Quan, the 17th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Prince of Ning, but he was not a concubine of the Prince of Ning, so he had no chance of inheriting the title. Zhu Yun's grandfather was named Zhu Duozong, a famous painter in the late Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yun was proficient in landscape, flowers and birds painting since childhood, but unfortunately, before he became famous, the Ming Dynasty collapsed.
As a descendant of the Ming dynasty royal family, Zhu Yun was cautious in the Qing Dynasty. But after all, it is the blood of Taizu, Zhu Yun still has a sense of pride and sadness in his heart, Zhu Yun often drinks in the street, showing a fierce state, after getting drunk, he swings a large brush and achieves a painting in time. The poor people, peasants, orphans, and woodcutters in the countryside asked Zhu Yun for a painting, but Zhu Yun did not refuse and immediately gave it away, while the rich and noble people came to ask for paintings, but Zhu Yun ignored them.
For ordinary people, Zhu Yun's paintings are very obscure. For example, he paints birds and fish, made of only a few strokes, but always shrinks, and his eyes are always round, as if he is rolling his eyes to the world. The trees he painted, always with a few thin branches on the dead branches, seemed to be the most desolate and lonely scenery in the forest.
In fact, this is due to Zhu Yun's special life, in the background of his era, he can not express his chest directly, and can only be expressed with this kind of painting.
Zhu Yun has been anonymous for many years, and his experience is even more bumpy. From the age of 19 to 24, he worked as a monk at The Temple of Gongxiang, and after the age of 24, he moved to the Red Cliff Temple. Between the ages of 28 and 36, he moved to the outskirts of Nanchang with his mother and brother. At the age of 36, he finally found a perfect foothold, that is, the Tianning Temple, fifteen miles outside nanchang, where Zhu Yun settled and renamed the Tianning Temple as QingyunPu (later renamed Qingyunpu). In Qingyun Garden, Zhu Yun changed from a monk to a Taoist monk, and worked hard here for more than 20 years, becoming the founding ancestor of this Taoist temple. In order to hide his identity, many dignitaries and dignitaries came to visit, but he did not see him behind closed doors. As it is said in the Biography of the Eight Mountain People:
He does not say a word to people, but is good at laughing, and he likes to drink and drink. Or drink, then shrink the item and stroke the palm,...... The more hoarse the laughter, the more drunk, the more often the weeping.
Zhu Yun likes to use the four words "Bada Shanren" to be written in cursive (as in the upper left corner of the picture above), which looks like "crying" or "laughing", so that the way he writes it can pin his painful mood of crying and laughing. Zhu Yun's younger brother Zhu Daoming later also immersed himself in painting, and he named his brother "Niu Shihui", and it is self-evident what the word "eight" and "niu" are added together.
Zhu Yun, a bada mountain man, lived for 80 years, hid his name in anonymity for more than 60 years, and finally died lonely. During his lifetime, he left many immortal paintings and became a generation of masters in the painting world. Famous painters such as the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou" in the Qing Dynasty and Qi Baishi and Zhang Daqian in modern times have benefited greatly from the remains of Badashan.
In 1985, UNESCO took stock of the top ten cultural celebrities in ancient China, including zhu Yun, the holy hand of ancient landscapes, flowers, birds and flowers, the "Eight Mountain People".
Some people say that the Bada Shanren was Tao Yuanming of the Qing Dynasty, but in fact, he was far less comfortable than Tao Yuanming, because in Zhu Yun's heart, there was always a scar that could not be erased, and he could not erase or change it, and suppressed his life. It is this kind of repression that allows Zhu Yun to find himself in special emotions, allowing him to find a special source of art between obscurity and deviance, and eventually become a generation of masters. In addition, the "Bada Shanren" still persisted in the struggle in the most brutal "character prison" era of the Qing Dynasty, and his spirit of courageous struggle against the magnates is also worth learning from future generations.
"There are no more ink spots and more tears, and the mountains and rivers are still the old mountains and rivers." Zhu Yun, the person who reads him, can read his paintings.