Untitled
Last night the stars last night the wind,
Painting building west bank Gui Tang East.
With no color phoenix wings,
The heart has a sharp point.
The partition sends hook spring wine warm,
Split cao shoot covered wax lamp red.
Oh Yu listened to the drum and went to the official,
Walk the Marantai class turntable
Feng Hao's "Notes on the Collected Poems of Yuxi Sheng": "The poets who have come to interpret the "Untitled" either say that they are all all allegories, or that they are full of abilities, each with prejudices, and they are mutually indecisive. Yu carefully read the whole collection, but he knew that there were many sustenances, few people who were directly erotic, and there was no distinction between the central and miscellaneous, which made people confused. "Does this poem have sustenance or is it written about eroticism? First look at the original text: In the starlight and wind last night, in the west of the painting building, on the east side of Guitang, imagine the scene in the building. The body has no wings to fly upstairs, the heart is like a rhinoceros horn, and there is a little white stripe through both ends. The "Book of Han and The Tale of the Western Regions" such as Chun note: "Tong Rhinoceros is said to be white in the center and white in both ends." "When it means that he is in touch with the man upstairs, it is affectionate. The man upstairs was performing a drinking order, making a play of hiding hooks, and divided into two Cao (teams) guessing puzzles. The Book of Han and the Tale of the Oriental Shuo: "The Upper Taste made the several houses shoot over, and the palace was placed under the palace to shoot them." "It is the guard palace, that is, the gecko, which is covered under the bowl, let people guess, as a guess. Old Book of Tang Dynasty Chronicle of Officials: "Secretary Province, Long Shuo was initially changed to Lantai." In the second year of Huichang (842 AD), the author entered the capital as the secretary of the province. Walking in Marantai is to ride a horse to the secretary to go to work. The author resigned as a lieutenant in the previous year and went to Huazhou to follow the Zhou Curtain; this year he went to Xuzhou to follow Wang Maoyuan Curtain, and then entered Beijing as the secretary of the provincial orthography, like the drifting of the grass with the wind, so it is said that "class turning peng".
This poem, together with another poem, is called "Untitled Two Songs", and the other is: "Wen Dao Zhangmen Calyx Green Hua, in the past years we looked forward to the end of the world." Do you know that one night Qin Lou guests peeked at the flowers in wu wang yuan. "Minmen is in Suzhou, referring to Wu Wangyuan." Calyx luhua is a fairy, referring to the inner flower of the garden. The past years are separated by the ends of the world. Qin Louke, Xiao Shi as the husband of the Qin King's daughter Lang Yu, said that he was married to Wang Maoyuan's daughter and could peek at the flowers in the garden. The latter song points out the intention of the previous one.
There are several interpretations of this poem, which may be examined in conjunction with the original.
(1) Narrow slanted theory. Ji Yun commented: "The two poems are both narrow and oblique, with no meaning, and those who understand deeply are lost." This statement is inconsistent with the content of the poem, if you are a prostitute, of course, you can climb the building and enter the room, why do you say "Painting the west bank of the building on the east side of the Guitang"? Only in the east of the building, but did not enter the hall inside the building? He also said that "there are no colorful phoenixes and double wings", and he wants to look at the people in the building and dare not go up? He also said that he "peeked at the flowers in Wu Wangyuan", and did not dare to face it squarely but wanted to "peek"? Since they are the people in the Qinglou, why can they be said to be "wuwangyuan inner flowers"? From being a "Qin Lou guest" and not daring to face it, when it is a noble woman.
(2) There is sustenance. Zhang Caitian's "Yuxi Sheng Chronology Huizhi": Huichang Second Year, "Untitled" two poems, the note is: "This chuguan orthography, the fable of the envy of introspection." The first period is at its time and place. The two sentences of 'body without', the separation of affection, the two sentences of 'the next seat', the introspection of the public federations go hand in hand, the triumphant attitude, the knot is jealous, afraid that I can not be in the toilet, so I am very happy to say the opposite. The meaning of the second chapter is particularly obvious, Calyx Luhua is better than Wei Gong. The gate is in Yangzhou, this refers to Huainan, and the following words used to be unlovable to Yu Weigong, but now I am fortunate to have an opportunity? 'Qin Louke', self-proclaimed Mao Yuan's son-in-law. Looking at this, the secret province is divided, and there is no doubt that the Lee Party will draw on it. Yi Yamamoto's long chapter, Zhongshu's palm, solid expectations. When Wei Gong won the throne, through the strength of the party, he had a lot of hope of standing up and showing off, but it was not as thin as the life of the literati, and the mother of Kuding was also worried. What is the judgment of this life's glory and death? Since Zhao Chenyao said that this righteous mountain was done by spying on his girlfriend in Mao Yuan's house, so the interpreters were one after another. I don't know if it is Chen Xu of Nian Mao YuanFang Town, that is, in the fourth year of Kaicheng (839 AD), Yishan Shi Brown School Book, Mao Yuan is also in Jingzhou, and the traces are not compatible. Feng also knew that he did not understand it, so he also created the theory that Mao Yuan had a home in Beijing, and even quoted the "Street West Pond Hall" and other articles, Yishan not only had no special skills, but also became a famous sinner. How harsh is it to slander the ancients? ”
According to Zhang, when the author did the secretary of the provincial orthography, he had the hope of "Zhongshu Palm", that is, entering the Zhongshu Province to know the system and draft documents for the emperor. Check the "New Book of Tang Dynasty And Hundred Officials": The secretary province "is in charge of the affairs of the scriptures and books, and leads the book bureau". "Four people with orthographic characters, under the nine pins, hold the school classics, and publish correct articles." Orthography is a minor official under the Zhengjiu pin who is in charge of proofreading the text of books. And Zhongshu Province", "Six people, just five products." All the edicts made to teach the seals and books were drafted into the paintings. That is, the orthography and the "Zhongshu Palm" are completely different things. ShangYin officials doing orthography are proofreading petty officials of a type, which is completely different from drafting imperial court documents. He has a huge disparity in status with Li Deyu, the prime minister, and has no friendship with Li Deyu, nor can he talk about anything about "having a spirit in his heart and a sharp mind." The poem refers to the meaning of last night's looking at each other, and it is also the same heart, and the author has no such relationship with Li Deyu. At that time, Du Mu had interacted with Li Deyu and put forward many opinions to Li Deyu, some of which were appreciated and adopted by Li Deyu, but it can be said that "there is a sharp mind and a little understanding", but Shang Yin and Li Deyu did not have this relationship.
"Qin Louke" can peek at the "garden flowers", which is used to compare the status of the orthographic character with the prime minister, and look at the prime minister with the orthography, it is only one floor apart. Zhang said that he believed that Shangyin could have relied on Li Deyu's recommendation to "stand up and show his dignity" and lose the opportunity due to the death of his mother. According to Shang Yin,500 in Huichang (845 AD), when his mourning period expired and he entered Beijing to redo the secretary of the province, Li Deyu was still serving as the prime minister and did not promote him, which shows that Zhang said that it was inaccurate. The sigh of "turning the puff" in the poem is also suspended from the opportunity situation of Zhang saying that there is a "standing and prominent", and although Zhang said that although he argues, it is actually inconsistent with the content of the poem.
(3) Erotic saying. The Commentary on Li Yishan's Collected Poems quotes He Zhuo as saying: "Ding Weng Yun: The starting sentence is wonderful. Three or four is just a hopeful meaning, point chemical industry so. This sentence does have a fixed place, Mr. Feng Jicang Yun: Wonderful in the first two sentences, the second lining paste, fluent and round. Then he said, "Little star, three or five are in the east." 'Self-esteem is inferior, and one must not do what one pleases.' Here feng ban and Feng Shu are quoted, pointing out that the author has some love, because the official is low, he cannot do as he wishes, but he cannot be close to it. Dingweng is Feng Ban, the word Dingyuan, and Jicang is Feng Shu's word.
Feng Hao's "Notes" said: "Zhao Chenyi's "Notes on the Seven Laws of Tang Poetry in Shan Manlou" said: 'This righteous mountain is in Wang Maoyuan's house, spying on his girlfriends. Or the cloud in the making fox phase public house, non also. Looking at this first sentence, I insisted on writing a confession and confessed, and I was suspicious. ’...... These two songs must be erotic, because they were made by spying on The Concubines of HouFang, do you have to have Wu Renye among them? Zhao Zhi's carelessness was that others would wear the upper head through the chisel, and they did not know that the next head was broken. ...... However, Yishan was the secretary of the provincial fangzhongguan; one was in the fourth year of Kaicheng (839 AD), which was the year of the release of The Lieutenant Hongnong; and the other was in the second year of Huichang (842 AD). However, Wang Maoyuan entered the dynasty from Jingyuan at the beginning of Emperor Wuzong's reign, and Huichang left the town of Chen Xu in the first year of the first year, but the traces were not detailed. Or Mao Yuan is in the town, there is a family in Beijing, or a relative of the Wang clan, and Yishanju stopped here, which can be compared with the "Street West Pond Hall" and "Lamentable" and other articles, but also seriously injured, "This means that Shang Yin became Wang Maoyuan's son-in-law, so he went to peek at Wang Maoyuan's concubine, so it was too light. However, Feng Hao himself raised doubts, and the poem said that "walking Malantai" was a matter of Shangyin doing the secretary of the province in Beijing, that is, in the second year of Huichang (842 AD), Wang Maoyuan left the town of Chen Xu in the first year of Huichang, and this year was not in Beijing, so how did Shangyin go to peek at the concubines of the Wang family? Therefore, he guessed that perhaps Wang Maoyuan had a home in Beijing, and even if Wang Maoyuan still had a home in Beijing, then the "Wen Dao Gate Calyx Luhua" was a famous beauty, and it was impossible to stay in Beijing to guard the house. In addition, Shang Yin married Wang Maoyuan in Jingyuan in the third year of Kaicheng (838 AD), and by the time he wrote this poem (842 AD), he was working as a secretary in Beijing, and it had been five years before and after, so the so-called "one-night Qin Lou guest" did not go to peek at the flowers in the garden as soon as they got married, because the flowers in the garden were in Beijing, not in Jingyuan. This "one night" is "one dynasty", which means to have a day, and "one day without anger" in the Analects of Yan Yuan is the meaning of one day. It is also since becoming Wang Maoyuan's son-in-law that he has the opportunity to see the flowers in the garden. Speaking of "looking at each other in the past years", it can be seen that Calyx Luhua has been famous and longed for before marriage, but there is no chance to meet. This calyx luhua was in Jingli, Shang Yin was married in Jingyuan, it was impossible to see, until he entered Beijing as an official, he did not have the opportunity to see, probably because he was Wang Maoyuan's son-in-law, living in Beijing to the Tang Dynasty Clan's Street West Pond Pavilion, because it was the clan's pool hall, so it was called Wu Wang Yuan. In this pool hall, I saw the beauty I had long wanted, and the two had a love affair, so it is said that "the heart has a spirit and a sharp edge". The so-called "peeking" is the situation of the first meeting, it is not easy to look at it head-on, so it has to be secretly looked at, expressing the feelings of "looking at each other in the past years". Later, although he "had a sharp mind", because of his low official position, he still rarely saw her in this big mansion, so there was a sense of hope and unattainability. The poem only writes about this kind of admiration, so there is no need to say that it is "a great injury and a light injury", and it is said that it is a "famous sinner". Feng Hao mentioned the "Street West Pond Pavilion": "Bai Ge he bid farewell to the year, Zhu Men spent this night." The curtain leaves the moon, and the treasure is connected to the smoke wave. Too defensive of the three-blade dream, the general shot through. The state rents a guest tour, fragrant and cooked Yushan He. "Rong Ke Brigade, indicating that he can borrow it." Zhu Men and Zhen Mo both indicate that they are rich and noble families. This high official had once served as a Taishou general. "Lamentable" said: "Fortunately, the East City Banquet has not returned, and the years are worried and the water is urged." The Liang family mansion was a Qin palace person, and the Red Phoenix came from the Zhao Hou Building. Ice and sleep on the golden pillow, Qiong Feast is not drunk jade cup. Concubine Mi sat in the Shibata Pavilion and exhausted the Eight Dou Talents of King Chen. This is the ugly life of the noble family, and the last two decades are consistent with "Untitled" "Concubine Mi Leaves Pillow Wei Wangcai". At the beginning, it is said that "fortunately will meet the East City", which shows that ShangYin has also feasted in this rich family. Concubine Mi and King Chen are exactly the ones with the spirit of the rhinoceros. This poem is probably written by him living in such a rich house to see the people he wants, although there is affection, it is still impossible to hope, so it seems that there is no contradiction in interpreting this poem. This should be a erotic poem.
The feelings and artistic skills expressed in this poem were deeply felt by the Qing Dynasty poet Huang Jingren, who wrote in the poem "Qi Huai": "Several times the flowers sit under the flute, and the silver and red walls enter the distance." It seems that this star is not last night, for whom the wind is shining in the middle of the night. Lingering thoughts exhaust the cocoon, like a heartbreak peeled banana. In March and May of three or five years, the poor cup of wine never disappeared. "This poem is modeled after Shang Yin's untitled poem." Like this star" link, it is evolved from the "last night star" link. The "into the distant" and the "body without color wind" are all unattainable, but the "silver man" is even farther away. The sentence "Three or five years" has something in common with "last night's stars", and "three or five years" is 15 years old, that is, the year when the two people wrote their first love. "Last Night's Stars" is also the time when two people are imprinted on each other. "The cup of wine has not been consumed", it is "the next seat to send hook spring wine warm", can only look downstairs, and can not borrow a glass of wine with the person to dispel sorrows. Comparing these two poems, we can see the love of this poem. "Last Night Stars Last Night Wind", these stars and winds are different from the general stars and winds, and they are highlighted to belong to "Last Night". What does this "last night" mean? After reading the poem "Qi Huai", I understand that it is not this "last night", "the wind dew stands in the middle of the night" is of little significance. This "last night" is the night when the person you want is painting upstairs, and this wind is the wind that blows when the person you want is nearby. Such "last night" is worth setting up for her. From "Qi Huai", you can also feel the affection of standing in the middle of the night for her, which is not clearly written in this poem, but can be experienced.
In this poem, it is written that "the hook is sent from the next seat", and the contact "painting building" is contacted, and she should feast upstairs, while the author is in the "west bank of the painting building", "without color phoenix double wings", and cannot fly upstairs. Contact "Qi Huai" of the "silver Han red wall people looking at the distance", then and her distance, although only upstairs and downstairs, is really "the flower people far away from the end of the world", there is "silver Han red wall people look at the distance", so I think of the color phoenix, otherwise why use the color phoenix upstairs and downstairs? The phoenix is thousands of miles in one fell swoop, and from here, it is felt that the first floor is separated, and it is inevitable that there is a long way to go. In this poem, it only says that "the heart has a spirit and a rhinoceros", but it is not said how to communicate with each other, and from "sitting under the flowers several times and blowing Xiao", the heart and heart are specifically described. The author of this poem assumes that he lived in the Street West Pond Pavilion. How can you be in touch with her? Although there is no way to know, it is not impossible for us to imagine that it is necessary to blow the pipe under the flower. In short, the heart will not be an empty phrase, there must be a specific performance, and it may be borrowed as a supplement. "Walking the Malantai class to the peng", the official is humble, the transfer is uncertain, so that the feelings of hope have finally failed, which in turn can explain that the "Qi Huai" is finally hopeless.
The lyrical characteristics of this poem contain deep feelings in ordinary words, like "last night", like "stars" and "wind", by using two "last night" to express unusual stars and winds, but also to express unusual feelings. In ordinary words, bright colors are written, such as "lou" and "tang", and the addition of "painting" and "gui" is different in color. Then there are fantasies of whimsy, expressed through metaphors and allusions, such as "color phoenix" and "spirit rhinoceros". There are also depictions, such as "sending hooks" and "shooting over", not only have colors, such as "red lights", but also write out feelings, such as "wine warmth". He also wrote about the sense of life, "listening to the drum and responding to the official", "turning" the life of the person. This poem is emotionally entangled, colorful, and writes out situations that are unattainable. The image is clear, the concept is wonderful, with the allegory of the first link, the deep feeling of the tail link, plus the metaphor or the difference, or the prominence, it has become a famous passage of recitation. With such ingenious and rich words, write a helpless mood, round and flowing beauty, seiko rich, constitute the unique style of the author's poetry, enrich the unique achievements of Tang poetry in art, and become one of the famous "untitled" poems.
About author:Zhou Zhenfu (1911~2000), a native of Pinghu, Zhejiang. In 1932, he graduated from Wuxi Guoxue Vocational School. He has served as a proofreader of Shanghai Enlightened Bookstore, an editor of China Youth Publishing House, and an editor of Zhonghua Bookstore. He is a member of the first Kunming Literary Theory Society and a member of the Jinan Wenxin Sculpture Dragon Society. He began publishing in 1935. In 1962, he joined the Chinese Writers Association. He is the author of "Examples of Poetry", "Notes on wenxin carved dragons", "History of Chinese Rhetoric", "Appreciation of Mao Zedong's Poetry", etc., and his monographs are "Zhou Zhenfu Anthology".