After Confucius finished practicing "Spring and Autumn", his heart was quite trembling, so he said, "Those who know me, only "Spring and Autumn"!" The only sinner is "Spring and Autumn"! In fact, he also knew that judging would be divided into two kinds, one was that people who understood his meaning must respect the Spring and Autumn Festival, and the other was to scold him for blindly reforming and practicing blindly.
Between knowledge and sin, each by the human heart.
But there are a few points that are almost constant.
First of all, Confucius made a bad start.
Before Confucius, only the Son of Heaven could write books, and of course the Son of Heaven could authorize it. Don't say that a history book like "Spring and Autumn", even if it is a "poem", is not it also collected by a poet official? Confucius preached the royal way to others, and he preached the liturgical music, and the liturgical music of the royal way is a kind of order. Confucius first of all himself messed up the order, which was a matter of the Son of Heaven, and he was just a private teacher.
Second, Confucius changed the meaning of "Spring and Autumn".
"Spring and Autumn" is the history of history, the history of history is a book of historical facts, and once through the hands of Confucius, after cutting and adding (pen and pen, cutting is cutting), it is no longer the original face. Therefore, the Spring and Autumn Classic is the Confucian Classic, the Spring and Autumn Classic, not the Historical Record.
However, Confucius's efforts to do this at least show that Confucius had the purpose of having to do so.
What is the purpose?
Sima Qian's explanation was, "The Zhou Dao was in decline, Confucius was Lu Sikou, the princes were harmed, and the doctors were destroyed." Confucius knew that words are not necessary, and the Tao is not good, and it is not two hundred and forty-two years, thinking that the world is instrumental, degrading the son of heaven, retiring the princes, seeking the doctor, and achieving the king's affairs. ”
This purpose was told to Sima Qian by others, and Sima Qian recorded it.
When Confucius was an official in the State of Lu, he was still very famous, and the princes were quite afraid of Confucius, and the State of Qi was very afraid.
Confucius's becoming an official is by no means an ideal on the lips, but he has his own set of opinions, at least he knows how to be an official.
What's more, Confucius's means were not soft at all, he was in luguo to kill people, his eyes did not blink, just an order, several dancing dwarf artists were cut off their hands and feet, because they showed the monarch indecent (not Zhou's lile), disorderly, so they should be killed.
Confucius was very courageous. When he was an official in the state of Lu, the state of Lu had a very new atmosphere, because Qilu was in the same place and lived next to each other, so the officials of the state of Qi were very afraid. The Qi state doctor Li Ho gave Qi Jinggong an idea, saying: "The State of Lu reuses Kong Qiu, and the State of Qi is in danger." ”
Later, the Qijing Convention Lu Dinggong held a friendly consultation meeting between the two heads of state in the valley.
There will be no good meeting, no good feast.
But Lu Dinggong didn't have a brain, and after setting up the car, he was happy to go to the meeting.
Confucius said, this is not okay, the minister heard that for the clerk must have armed equipment (to bring bodyguards to meetings), for the martial arts must have literary equipment (to discuss fighting can bring the secretary). Now Junshang has gone like this? That can't work, the princes go abroad, must take the left and right Sima with them. Sima was an official of law enforcement.
Lu Dinggong took it. Meet Qi Jinggong in the valley.
Then, When Minister Qi Jing was broken, he made some indecent things, and the chaotic Yu Yu Spear and Sword burst in and ran out like a wild man.
Confucius walked quickly in small steps, just like the secretary saw the leader, climbed the steps, stood in the position where he should stand, and asked:
The two heads of state meet, do not put the official national anthem, do not use the regular honor guard, what do you do with these messes? Come on, where is the magistrate?
The magistrate went up to catch up, these people did not go down, Confucius stood so majestically and persistently, Qi Jinggong was shocked by Confucius, and said let's continue.
After a while, Qi Jinggong made another moth and got a bunch of dwarf artists to act.
Confucius ran up in small steps, not letting him act, come on, where is the magistrate?
This time did not give face, did not ask Qi Jinggong, directly cut.
Qi Jinggong was so frightened that the muscles on his face were beating, and his heart was still beating after he went back.
Confucius also had a nickname at that time, called "Changren", because Confucius was nine feet tall and six inches tall, very tall, and the measurement of size was different from dynasty to dynasty, but how Confucius was also about two meters tall (except for the size of the Yin Dynasty), to a stop there, the mighty and inviolable, everyone was afraid.
This kind of operation, on the one hand, is to intimidate Qi Hou and Yang Lu Guowei and tell the State of Qi that although the State of Lu is small, it cannot be bullied; second, it is also to effectively safeguard the Zhou Rites respected by Confucius.
Then, Confucius's pen cutting "Spring and Autumn" is basically this kind of purpose.
This was also a last resort, because the set of royal ways that Confucius talked about was more than seventy jun, and no one listened, and Confucius could only think of another way. Open the number and write something yourself to influence others.
Of course, "Spring and Autumn" under this purpose can no longer be a complete historical record.
Confucius described the Spring and Autumn Period as "about its words and removals from its troubles" in order to "make the law of righteousness, the king's way to prepare, and the personnel to be thorough" (transparent).
Then, his disciples admired it. Confucius's students, Such as Zi Xia, studied literature, but they could not change a word. Confucius then dictated the main idea to the disciples of the Seventy Sons. It was passed down all the way down and became a sutra.
But that's good.
Because of the various operations of Qin Shi Huang and other reasons, the historical records before the Spring and Autumn Period are also invisible to people. When sima Qian arrived, all that could be seen was the "Spring and Autumn Calendar, Genealogy, and Mu", which was recorded very simply, just like the "Genealogy of the Emperor of Great Yan" that Murong Fu brought with him in the "Eight Parts of the Heavenly Dragon", which was only written "Taizu Civilization Emperor Zhen Ling", "Liezu Jing zhao emperor Zhen Jun", "Shizu Wucheng Emperor Zhen" and the like, as for what these Taizu and Shizu did, I don't know.
This is called, Li Ren takes his year and month (only remembers the time), several families are long in the divine fortune (only say the Heavenly Destiny Dao), and The Spectrum is uniquely recorded in the world (only the name and number are recorded).
This has left a great problem for future generations to understand history.
Since Confucius, Zuo Qiuming of luguo has also studied Confucius.
He wrote it himself. What Zuo Qiuming feared most was that the disciples were all heretical, that is, everyone had different opinions and views on something and someone, and then let the historical records be distorted.
So Zuo Qiuming wrote Confucius's "Spring and Autumn" again, becoming "Zuo Shi Chunqiu", that is, "Zuo Chuan".
The Taifu Duojiao of the Chu State was worried that the King of Chu would not be able to see the entire Spring and Autumn Period, and then made an anthology, selecting only the things that succeeded or failed, called "Duo's Wei".
Zhao Xiaocheng's portrait, Yu Qing, was more direct, he collected ancient events from the Spring and Autumn, and then combined with the current situation, he also wrote eight articles, called "Yu's Spring and Autumn".
Lü Buwei, the xiang of King Xiang of Qinzhuang, looked up at the ancients, deleted the "Spring and Autumn", and added the Current Affairs of the Six Kingdoms, which were the Eight Views, the Six Treatises, and the Twelve Ages, called "Lü's Spring and Autumn".
Others, Xunzi, Mencius, Han Feizi, etc., they wrote books, in fact, often extracted "Spring and Autumn".
These people, basically like Confucius, wrote "Spring and Autumn", changed "Spring and Autumn", and used "Spring and Autumn", all of which had their own purposes, and the purposes were not the same.
You say he's right, he's not right, you're not right, it seems right.
Sima Qian's view is that everything must be viewed throughout in order to see the big picture. Always, it's how to start and how to end, similar to the rise and fall. Therefore, Sima Qian spent a lot of thought to sort out all the things in the past, and even the three generations of things that did not have a consistent thing were carefully sorted out.
Of course, this is also a reason why Sima Qian admired Confucius, in fact, Confucius's important thing for "Spring and Autumn" is not "pen cutting", but "times", times, that is, in order. At the same time, the epoch year, for example, from the beginning of the Lu Yin A.D., is timed by the sun and the moon, indicating the time and place. The time, place, and person of an event are at least clear.
After countless spring and autumn periods, those who have written history in later generations can only follow this template.