Sun Quan and Zhuge Liang Xiao Yutian/Painting
Sun Quan and Lü Meng Yan Shao Tang / Painting
The story of "Sun Quan's Persuasion" was selected into the middle school Chinese textbook many years ago, and the full text counts only 152 words of punctuation:
In the beginning, Quan said to Lü Mengyue: "Qing Qing should be in charge of things now, and he must not fail to learn." "I resigned from the army for many tasks. Quan Yue: "Lonely desire to rule the scriptures as a doctor of evil!" But when dabbling, see the past ear. If the secretary of state has many affairs, why should he be lonely? I read alone and think that I have great benefits. "Monai began to study. And Lu Su went over xunyang, discussed with Meng, and was shocked: "Qing Jin is only slight, not fu Wu under Amun!" Meng Yue: "Three days of Shibetsu, that is, more impressive, the eldest brother saw things too late!" "Pray to your mother, make friends and say goodbye."
This passage is selected from the Zizhi Tongjian Volume 66 (Han Dynasty 58), which is sima Guang's handwriting, although it is short and concise, it feels that it is still incomplete, as if Sun Quan's words to Lü Meng did not explain the truth thoroughly.
Pei Songzhi, when commenting on the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wushu Lü Meng's Biography", quoted the record of the "Biography of JiangBiao" and preserved the story in its entirety:
In the beginning, Quan Zhimeng and Jiang Qin said: "Qing Qing should be in charge of the matter, and it is advisable to learn to benefit himself." "In the military, I often suffer many tasks, and I am afraid that I will not be able to study again." Quan Yue: "Do you want to rule the scriptures as a doctor of evil?" But when the order dabbles in the past ear. If the secretary of state has many affairs, why should he be lonely? When he was alone, he wrote poems, books, rituals, left transmissions, and Chinese, but he did not read them easily. Since the unification of the affairs, the three histories of the province and the books of the soldiers of various families have thought that they have been of great benefit. If the two of them are enlightened, they will learn to get it, but would they rather not care? It is advisable to urgently read Sun Tzu, Liu Tao, Zuo Chuan, Chinese and The Three Histories. Confucius said, 'It is useless to eat all day and sleep all night to think, it is better to learn.' Guangwu was the business of soldiers and horses, and his hands could not be released. Meng De also claimed to be old and studious. Why doesn't qing alone encourage himself to be evil? "I have learned from the beginning, and I am tireless in my determination, and what I see is that the old Confucianism is invincible." Later, Lu Su was the last zhou yu, who was overly blinded and often wanted to be aggrieved. "I am the eldest brother but I have a martial ear, and as for now, I am knowledgeable and knowledgeable, not Amun." "Three days of shibetsu, that is, more impressive treatment..." Secretly for the three strategies of Su Chen, solemn respect and acceptance... Quan Chang sighed: "People grow up and benefit, such as Lü Meng and Jiang Qin, Gai is out of reach." Rich and glorious, more able to fold and study, more pleasant to pass on the book, light wealth and righteousness, what you do can be traced, and be a soldier of the country, not rest! ”
This edition of Sun Quan's Persuasion is about three times as long as the Zizhi Tongjian, and it is even more inspiring to read. Compared with the Zizhi Tongjian, it can be seen that Sun Quan not only persuaded Lü Meng to study, but also persuaded Jiang Qin (the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has a different biography), in addition, this version has at least five aspects of content:
First, speak for yourself. Sun Quan introduced his reading process to Lü Meng and Jiang Qin in two stages: when he was a child, he read the Book of Poetry, the Book of Shang, the Book of Rites, the Zuo Zhuan, and the Chinese, but he did not read the Book of Changes; since he took power in Eastern Wu, he had squeezed time to read the "History of History," the "Book of Han," the "Book of Eastern Han," and various military books. First, to show that he is not unlearned, not to inherit the inheritance of his father and brother by blood alone, and second, to show that what he asks others to do, he has done first. Pei Songzhi's commentary on the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu, and Wu's Biography quotes a passage from Wu Guodu's lieutenant Zhao Zhi's evaluation of Sun Quan: "Wu Wang's floating rivers are ten thousand ships, with a million armor, Ren Xian enables, Zhi Cun Jing Strategy, although he has spare time, he reads the history of the book, and through the strangeness, he does not follow the example of all beings to find chapters and excerpts." "It can be used as a proof of Sun Quan's eagerness to learn, indicating that Sun Quan is not boasting."
Second, spiritual encouragement. Sun Quan encouraged Lü Meng and Jiang Qin, saying, "You two, talented and intelligent, are very perceptive, and you must learn, so why don't you study?" Sun Quan praised Lü and Jiang for their "enlightened nature" and gave them confidence, which would stimulate their interest in reading and encourage their enthusiasm for reading.
Third, indicate the path. In response to Lü Meng's excuse of not reading: "In the military, I often suffered many tasks, and I am afraid that I will not be allowed to study again. Sun Quan gave him a specific bibliography, equivalent to the "minimum required reading list": "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Liutao", "Zuo Zhuan", "Chinese", "History", "Book of Han", "Dongguan HanJi", focusing on the art of war and history, there are not many books, but they meet the actual needs of the unified army, and can be learned and used now. And ask for "urgent reading", that is, read these books first, and immediately start reading these books.
Fourth, set a benchmark. In order to let Lü Meng and Jiang Qin further clarify the importance of reading, Sun Quan cited three more big figures, one is the sage Confucius, who said, "I used to not eat all day and sleep all night, all used to meditate, there is no use, it is better to study to help myself." ("Analects of Wei Linggong") Second, the Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu was busy with military affairs and had every opportunity every day, but he could still do it without releasing the scroll. Third, Cao Cao also said that he himself was old and studious, and lived to learn from the old. This means that Liu Xiu and Cao Cao both led troops to fight, and the commander had more people and horses than you, and they could squeeze in time to study, so why can't you be diligent? Our fierce enemy Cao Cao has a tiger's eye on Eastern Wu, but he is also obsessed with reading, he is always insisting on studying when he is old, why are our eastern Wu generals so young and have such low requirements for themselves? The most terrible thing is that the opponent is smarter than us, and he works harder than us.
Fifth, the aftersound echoes. The Zizhi Tongjian only records Lu Su's evaluation of Lü Meng, while the version of the "Biography of Jiang Biao" is more abundant, not only writing about Lu Su's feelings. First of all, I wrote about Lu Meng's strength to read, which is "tireless in my determination", that is, dedication and tirelessness. Then he wrote about the scope of Lü Meng's reading, "what he sees, the old Confucianism is invincible", many readers can not read as widely as he did. Finally, he wrote Sun Quan's praise, and after Sun Quan knew that Lü Meng and Jiang Qin began to study, he often praised: "Like Lü Meng and Jiang Qin, they are still pursuing progress when they are not young, and ordinary people are incomparable." The two were already rich and glorious, but they could change their old habits, read angrily, love the classics deeply, lightly wealth and righteousness, and be called models, and they were all 'national soldiers'. What a delight! This shows that after Sun Quan persuaded Lü Meng and Jiang Qin to study, he has been paying attention to their learning, and Sun Quan is very satisfied with the learning results of Lü Meng and Jiang Qin, which constitutes a complete story with the persuasion at the beginning.
This more comprehensive version of Sun Quan's Persuasion actually has two reading examples, namely Sun Quan and Lü Meng. If this version can be selected into the language textbook, it may be more beneficial to improve students' enthusiasm for learning and cultivate lifelong reading habits.
(Author: Gan Zhengqi, Unit: Hunan Provincial Committee of China Association for the Promotion of Democracy)
Source: Guangming Daily