First, the first week of the child, dripping water through the stone, strong desire for knowledge
On May 28, 1902, the smoke of the Eight-Power Alliance's invasion of China did not dissipate, and the Ink of the "Xinugi Treaty" signed by the Qing government to mourn and humiliate the country was not dried, and a boy fell to the ground in Tongjia'ao, Dongxiang, Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province, which is now Tangxi Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, and he was the famous modern Chinese scientist Tong Di zhou, who was later known as the "Father of Chinese Cloning".
When he was a child, Tong Di Zhou was a child with a particularly strong desire to explore, and when he encountered incomprehensible things, he must break the sand pot and ask the end. One day, Tong Di Zhou strolled under the eaves and saw a row of concave pits neatly arranged on the stone steps. He felt very strange, so he squatted down and pondered for half a day, still unable to understand. Tong Di Zhou called his father under the eaves and said, "Daddy, come and see, how did the small pit on the stone slab under the eaves form?" ”
The father was a private school gentleman, a cultured man, and when he saw his son ask this question of educational significance, he was very happy, so he seized the educational opportunity and patiently said: "These small pits in front of you are not chiseled by anyone, this is the water dripping down the eaves and knocking." Tong Di Zhou was even more curious, the soft little droplets of water could actually knock the incomparably hard stone out of the pit? The father patiently explained: "Of course, a small drop of water cannot knock out the pit, but for many years, a drop of small water droplets continues to knock, not only can knock out the pit, but eventually may knock out a hole!" Books don't often say 'dripping water through stones'! That's the way it is. The father's profound allegorical recounting, deeply imprinted on the young child's soul in the first week, made him dimly understand that as long as a person has the spirit of dripping water through stones, he may be able to achieve seemingly difficult to complete.
Children are naturally active, and for a while, due to their greed for fun and lack of learning momentum, they once abandoned their studies. The father did not beat or scold, and one day he called his son who was playing crazy outside to his side, and said in a seductive manner: "In the first week, karma is good at diligence and absurdity." Do you remember the story of "dripping water through stones"? The small droplets of water under the eaves can penetrate the hard stones as long as they are persistent and persistent. A person's learning of knowledge also depends on the accumulation of bit by bit, like a small water droplet, perseverance can be learned. In order to better encourage Tong Di Zhou, his father also personally wrote four big characters of "dripping water through stones" to him, pasted them in his son's study, and solemnly said: "You must take it as a learning motto, and you must not forget it for a lifetime." ”
Second, the "scum" counterattack, the two "firsts" of the real middle school
With the passage of time, Tong Di Zhou bid farewell to his childhood and became a heroic teenager. During this period, his father unfortunately died prematurely due to illness, but the educational concept of his father's education has been deeply imprinted in his mind, which has benefited him for life. In the absence of his father, Tong Waswolf was dependent on his mother and brother. Here, I would like to emphasize that his elder brothers are not ordinary mediocre people, have ideals and insights, and pay more attention to righteousness, which will be of great help to his younger brothers in the future. The eldest brother was like a father, and several of his older brothers took up the burden of cultivating younger brothers, and originally wanted to send Xiao Dizhou to the Zhejiang Provincial Fourth Normal School to study.
Tong Dizhou's eldest brother hopes that his younger brother will study hard and return to his hometown to help him run the school after he has achieved success in his studies. However, at this time, Tong Dizhou was already a teenager with opinions and ideals, and he already had a more lofty ambition in his heart to enter the Ningbo Xiaoshi Middle School, which was very prestigious in the province at that time. The eldest brother is a wise man, although the younger brother and himself disagree, not only did not oppose, but strongly supported, but he was worried about whether the younger brother could successfully enter the Xiaoshi Middle School. Xiaoshi Middle School is a famous school, with high thresholds and fierce competition, and it is not possible to enter it casually.
In the face of his brother's worries, Tong Di Zhou resolutely said: "Brother, I will definitely be admitted to the Effective Middle School!" In order not to disappoint his family and to realize his ideals, Tong Began to prepare for the exam in a planned and step-by-step manner. He kept his hands on books all the time, forgot to eat and sleep, was the first to get up at home every morning, the last to sleep at night, and people lost a circle of weight. Kung Fu pays off, and Tong Di Zhou finally passed the Shishi Middle School and became a third-grade transfer student. Although he was admitted to the Xiaoshi Middle School, Tong shed tears when he saw the report card in the first week. This is not tears of happiness, but tears of sadness. His grades were unbearable, and he was the first in the class, a "scum".
The initial grades of the school were at the bottom of the class, and the child did not give up on himself in the first week, knowing shame and courage, firmly believing that as long as he studied hard, the grades would catch up and surpass his classmates. In the classroom, he listened carefully to the lectures, asked questions if he did not understand, did not easily give up a difficult problem, and believed that dripping water could penetrate the stone and win space with time. However, the school is different from home, and the dormitory lights off early at night, which seriously affects his study. There is no way, when the dormitory lights go out, Tong First Week will hold the book to read under the campus street lamp. When he returns to his dormitory every night after studying, his classmates have fallen into a sweet sleep.
Reading a book under the campus street lamp is originally an inspirational story worthy of praise, but some good people have compiled it into gossip news. Saying that Tong Zhou did not return to the dormitory late at night was a date with a girl and fell in love. The gossip news reached the teachers' ears and caused the teachers to worry. Late one night, Teacher Chen, who teaches mathematics, returned to school after finishing his work, and was surprised to see a thin figure shaking under the dim street lamp, Teacher Chen secretly thought to himself: "Now in the middle of the night, which other classmate does not go back to the dormitory?" Teacher Chen walked over with questions to see that it turned out that the student Tong was counting the number learning problems by using the street light for the first week.
"Tong Di Zhou, why don't you go back to your bedroom to rest so late?" "Teacher Chen, I have poor grades, I must seize the time to catch up with my homework, I don't want to count down to the first place, dragging the class back." Teacher Chen looked at Tong Di Zhou's thin body and painfully advised Tong Di Zhou to go back to the dormitory early to rest, but he did not go far, and Tong Di Zhou stopped under the street lamp and held a book and read. Teacher Chen was deeply touched by the students' spirit of hard work, and he greatly appreciated Tong Dizhou's ambition and spirit of hard work, and was proud of having such excellent students.
The next day in class, Teacher Chen solemnly said in front of the whole class: "Dear students, I would like to tell you clearly that Tong Di Zhou is a hard-working and studious person. Don't rely on speculation and conjecture to draw conclusions, and don't use rumors to slander others, especially for a hard-working and studious person, you can't do this! Teacher Chen said solemnly, "Late last night, I witnessed Tong's first week of turning off the lights and still counting number study problems under the dim street lamp. His learning spirit is a model for the whole class and the whole school. Teacher Chen finally raised his voice, "Yes, Tong's first week was once the worst in the class, but a person's score cannot be judged by just one test score." To evaluate a person's knowledge and ability, it is ultimately to see how he walks his own path of struggle. ”
The final exams soon arrived, and Tong's first week became the focus of the whole school. This time it's the positive, not the negative. He finally relied on his own dripping water and stone spirit, so that the average score of each subject reached more than 70 points, of which geometry scored a full score, the first in the whole school, causing a sensation in the whole school. Under the efforts of Tong Yi Zhou and the care of the teacher, by the final exam of the third year of high school, his total score ranked first in the class. After the principal Chen Xia often knew this inspirational story, he said with infinite emotion: "I have been the principal for many years, and I have never seen a student who has improved so fast!" ”
Years later, Tong Dizhou recalled his student days and said with emotion: "The two 'firsts' in effect have had a great impact on my life. That incident made me know that I was not dumber than others, and that what others could do, I would certainly be able to do with hard work. There is no genius in the world, and genius is exchanged for labor. ”
Third, dissect the frog eggs and emerge in the industry
In July 1924, Tong Dizhou graduated from high school and entered the famous Fudan University with excellent results, officially starting his pursuit of science and dedication to the exploration of science. Three years later, he graduated from the Department of Philosophy of Fudan University with a major in psychology, and was later introduced to Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, where he served as the chief of the county construction section. In the same year, he was recommended by Cai Bao, director of the Biology Department of Central University, to serve as a teaching assistant in the Biology Department of Nanjing Central University (now Nanjing University). In 1930, Tong Di Zhou took a train from Manchuria via the former Soviet Union to study at the University of Biting (now the University of Brussels) in Belgium. At the University of Brussels, the capital of Belgium, Tong Di zhou's study abroad life was very hard, and he was thin and silent in the world of biology, so that his scientific research level was rapidly improved.
At the University of Brussels, Tong Zhoudi's mentor, the famous Professor Duck, was experimenting with frog eggs and needed to peel off a membrane on the outside of the eggs. At that time, they encountered a very difficult problem, under the microscope, Professor Duck and his assistants could not remove the film, which seriously hindered the process of scientific research. One day, Tong Di Zhou said that he had come to try it, and Professor Duck had no hope for the Chinese student's experiment because it was too difficult. Unexpectedly, Tong Zhou came to the microscope, took a needle and gently stabbed the egg membrane, and the egg collapsed and peeled off at once. Professor Duck was amazed and delighted by the biological talent shown by the Chinese student.
Why did Tong Successfully peel off the outer membrane of a frog egg in the first week and get high praise from peers? A few years ago, there was an author who was curious about this and could not find an answer, so he specifically consulted the relevant comrades of the Institute of Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Their reply to the letter reads as follows: "When Mr. Tong works in a Belgian laboratory, he is mainly engaged in research on the early embryonic development of amphibians. The egg membrane must be stripped before the dye is stained in vivo. The stripping method is manual, using stainless steel forceps to peel off with bare hands, and then the experiment can be carried out. At that time, none of the foreign scholars were able to complete this delicate operation, only Chinese Tong Zhoudi. ”
In the summer of 1931, the tutor took Tong Di Zhou to the French seaside laboratory, which was a famous scientific research center at that time, this time to do outer membrane peeling for the sea squirt eggs with a diameter of less than one-tenth of a millimeter, and Tong Di Zhou did not live up to the expectations of the tutor, successfully completed, so that the international experts gathered here were very admired, and also improved the international status of the Chinese, and since then the obscure Tong Di Zhou has gained a certain reputation in the world academic community.
Fourth, protest against the Japanese aggression, fight hard, and rush to the front line
On September 18, 1931, Japanese imperialism brazenly launched the "September 18 Incident", and the great rivers and mountains in northeast China were ravaged by Japanese iron hooves. As a scholar who concentrates on scientific research, although Tong Dizhou is abroad, he is concerned about the motherland, has not forgotten his father and fellow villagers in his hometown, and has not forgotten that he is a descendant of Yanhuang. In order to support the domestic anti-Japanese resistance, he mobilized Chinese students to form the Chinese Students' Federation, and was elected as the person in charge. Regardless of the risk to his life, Tong Di Zhou took the lead in protesting at the Japanese Embassy in Brussels, and was threatened by the Belgian police, and was eventually sentenced to two weeks in prison for disturbing social order, with a suspended sentence. Although threatened, Tong Di Zhou did not back down and supported the domestic anti-Japanese resistance in various forms abroad.
In 1934, Tong received a doctorate in philosophy from Brucel University and soon made a short visit to the University of Cambridge in England. Before the Japanese invading army was about to launch a large-scale war of aggression against China, he did not know how to protect himself, risked his life, resolutely abandoned the conditions for work and life abroad, returned to his beloved motherland, and served as a professor in the Biology Department of National Shandong University. In 1937, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out in full swing, and Tong Dizhou moved to Wanxian County, Sichuan province with the National Shandong University. He then moved to Chongqing and successively served as a professor at the School of Medicine of Central University, a professor in the Department of Biology at Tongji University, and a professor in the Department of Biology at Fudan University. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Shandong University was re-established in Qingdao, and Tong Dizhou served as a professor and head of the Department of Zoology, and his wife Ye Yufen taught in the same department.
Fifth, in order to build a new China, bow down and do our best, and after death, it is over
In March 1949, on the eve of the founding of New China, Tong Dizhou gave up the preferential treatment of Yale University, overcame many obstacles, returned to his beloved motherland, and returned to his alma mater, Shandong University, to teach. In June 1949, Qingdao was liberated, and Tong Dizhou was invited by the "Preparatory Committee of the All-China Federation of Scientific Workers" to attend the preparatory committee meeting in Beijing, and took advantage of this opportunity to find Professor Zhu Kezhen, the leader of the preparatory group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and urgently proposed to him the idea of building a Chinese marine research institution. His proposal was highly valued by Zhu Kezhen and other relevant leaders and incorporated into the new China scientific research plan.
In 1950, Tong Zhoudi was appointed deputy director of the Institute of Experimental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Qingdao Marine Biology Research Laboratory of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and began to prepare for the construction of the first marine scientific research institution in New China, the Qingdao Marine Biology Research Laboratory of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (the predecessor of the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences). Five years later, he was elected as a member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (now known as an academician) and served as the deputy director of the Department of Biogeology, becoming the leader of biological research in New China.
In 1956, tong dizhou and other marine scientists participated in the formulation of the "China Marine Comprehensive Survey and Development Program", as one of the national key scientific and technological tasks, was included in the "1956-1967 National Science and Technology Development Long-term Plan" and "1963-1972 National Science and Technology Decade Plan". In 1957, he was appointed director of the Institute of Marine Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in 1959 the institute was expanded to become the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and he remained the director. In 1960, the Biogeology Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was divided into the Department of Biology and the Department of Geosciences, and he served as the director of the Department of Biology and a researcher at the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In the days of political turmoil that followed, Tong Didi Zhou tried his best to eliminate outside interference and led his team to concentrate on scientific research. During this period, he made great breakthroughs in the research of the basic theory of classical embryology, which attracted international attention. Tong Di Zhou and his collaborators revealed the polar phenomenon of embryonic development. In the study of amphibian embryonic development, they found that the timing of the direction of embryonic ciliary movement was determined in the primary intestinal stage and the early stage of the neural plate, which proved that the direction of ectodermal ciliary movement was determined by the mesoderm and endoderm, and this induction ability was gradually weakened from beginning to end along the anterior and posterior axes of the embryo in ontology, indicating the polar phenomenon of embryonic development. His research results, which attracted great attention at home and abroad at that time, became the founder of Chinese cloning, and was later known as the "father of Chinese cloning", and also won a high reputation for New China.
After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Tong Dizhou became busier and served as the director, deputy director and director of the Cytogenetics Research Laboratory of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1978, he became the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At the National Science Congress, he was awarded the title of National Advanced Worker in Science and Technology. While busy with experiments every day, Tong Zhoudi also continued to cultivate and leave valuable scientific research achievements for future generations. His works include: "The Pursuit of the Truth of Life", "The Role of Cytoplasm on the Activity of the Nucleus and the Manifestation of Genetic Traits", "The Transplantation of the Nucleus of the Endoderm of Chinese Toad", "The Transplantation of fish Nucleus", "The Study of Wenchang's Cooperation with Animal Cricket and Plant Hemispheres in the 8-Cell and 16-Cell Periods of eggs" and so on.
On March 6, 1979, the seventy-seven-year-old child was in charge of the first week of the Zhejiang Science Conference in Hangzhou, when he gave a report for more than 2,000 scientific researchers in the fields of science and technology, education and health in Zhejiang Province, he had a heart attack and fainted on the podium; on March 30 of the same year, the treatment was ineffective and unfortunately died in Beijing. Tong Di Zhou's research in the field of science may be unfathomable for ordinary people, not a household name. However, in the Chinese scientific and technological community, the three words of "Tong Di Zhou", such as Lei Guan'er, he has made indelible contributions to the development of Chinese biology and genetics, and is known as the "father of Chinese cloning". His spirit of studying science and loving the motherland is always worth learning from future generations.
Reference books: "The Biography of Tong Di Zhou", "Remembering Tong Di Zhou", etc.