Mar.
30
WeChat: penetratingview
Rest assured, seniors, the blueprint you have worked hard to draw, the future you are full of ambitions, is becoming a reality little by little in today's China!
Author | Mr. Hokuyo.
Source | Beiyang House (ID:bypm2016)
40 years ago today,
A 77-year-old man died in regret.
He was giving an academic presentation
Because of overwork
Fall on the podium...
His name is because of an essay in an elementary school textbook,
It is well known to almost all Chinese.
This text is called "Must Fight for Breath",
It tells the story of him going to middle school
And when studying in Belgium
A story of hard work.
However, almost no one knows,
It is precisely because of this old man's bloodshed,
Chinese back in 1981
created the world's first cloned fish,
A full 15 years before the Dorian sheep!
He's the first week of the child!
Whenever the Qingming Dynasty thinks of the deceased,
Today marks the 40th anniversary of the death of Mr. Tong Di Zhou.
For 40 years, the world owes
This silent dedication of the Chinese scientist,
World pioneer in cloning technology
A word of thanks!
NO.1
The counterattack of the "tail of the crane"
May 28, 1902,
In The Tong Xiucai Family in Tongjiaao Village, Ningbo,
The seventh child was born in the first week,
Of the eight children of the Tong family,
Tong First Week is the most special one,
His little head contained all sorts of wonderful questions:
"What exactly is the connection between nerves, eyes and brain?
Why do eyes grow on the head?
Why are the arms on either side? ”
Childhood week
Once, Tong Di Zhou found that there were many small stone pits under the eaves,
So he pestered his father and asked for an understanding,
The father explained:
"For many years, dripping water through the stone!"
Later, my father wrote four big characters of "dripping water through stones"
Give to the child for the first week,
From this moment on,
These four words became the motto of his life.
Tong's ancestral home
After the death of his father, the Tong family's family plummeted.
After a few years of intermittent private school,
Tong Di Zhou was reluctantly admitted to Ningbo Xiaoshi Middle School.
Unlike many scientists who have been academics since childhood,
He finished at the bottom of the first exam,
It became the "tail of the crane" of the whole class.
Old photos of the middle school
Tong Di Zhou cried sadly for a long time.
After that, he always studied through the dim street lamp,
Very late to go back to the dormitory...
The first week of childhood in middle school
Recalling this past, Tong Di Zhou said:
"I know I'm no dumber than others.
What others can do,
I can do it with all my efforts.
There is no genius in the world,
Genius is bought with labor. ”
Not a genius of the first week
After falling off the list twice, he finally went to the Fudan Philosophy Department.
Compared to philosophy,
He was more interested in the mysteries of life,
Under the guidance of his mentor Professor Cai Qiao,
The child turns to embryology.
Because of the outstanding achievements,
Tong Di Zhou graduated from Fudan
Was recommended to Nanjing Central University,
Become a teaching assistant in the Biology Department.
NO.2
Famous in Belgium
Young Chinese
Ye Yufen
After that, Tong first week met
The love of his life, Ye Yufen
The two were originally pen pals,
Love at first sight after meeting.
In the summer of 1930,
Tong Di Zhou got the opportunity to study in Belgium,
This means to be separated from Ye Yufen.
Before going abroad, Dong Di Zhou decided to work with Ye Yufen
officially married,
Give her the most solemn commitment.
While studying abroad at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium,
Foreign students often
Laugh at China, laugh at Chinese.
Tong Di Zhou turned his anger into a learning motivation,
Studying with ridicule and ridicule,
In order to prove that Chinese is not worse than others!
There was a frog egg egg membrane peeling surgery at that time,
No one has been able to do it for years.
Even Tong's mentor, Dak, was helpless.
One day, Duck decided to let Tong try it out for the first week.
Only to see the child's hands skillfully operating the dissecting needle in the first week,
Three times five divided by two peels off the egg membrane!
The foreign students present were stunned,
Duck exclaimed with excitement:
"This experimental technology must be kept secret!"
What he didn't know was that
Behind a success is the countless practices of the child's first week,
The result of failure, groping, and hard work.
As soon as the experimental paper was published,
Immediately caused a shock in the European academic community,
Many scientists are asking each other:
"Who is Tong Di Zhou?!"
In 1931, Japan launched the "September 18 Incident".
Although separated by thousands of mountains and rivers,
But it can't stop Tong's enthusiasm for the first week!
In Belgium,
He actively organizes international students,
Holding up banners and shouting slogans
The Japanese Embassy in Brussels protests!
Belgian authorities arrested Tong Di Zhou,
On the grounds of disturbing public order
Sentenced him to two weeks in prison!
The disaster of prison is cold and repays the blood of the country!
After his release from prison, Tong Di Zhou became more and more hard,
4 years later, the Belgian Academic Council
It was decided to award Tong's first doctorate.
At the Conference of The Degree Winners,
Tong Di Zhou said excitedly:
"I'm Chinese, and some people say Chinese stupid,
I have a Ph.D. in your country,
At the very least, it can be said that Chinese is no dumber than others. ”
After graduating with a Ph.D.,
Tong Di Zhou refused to be retained by the tutor and the school,
Resolutely returned to the motherland in turmoil,
He went to Shandong University as a professor in the Department of Biology.
After the outbreak of the "July Seven Incident",
Shandong University moved south,
Tong Dizhou came to Lizhuang, Yibin, Sichuan with his wife and children.
Because Lizhuang is located in a very remote area,
At that time, the well-known scholar Fu Sinian, who moved south with the school,
Liang Sicheng, Lin Huiyin, and others all took refuge in Lizhuang.
Like many scholars,
Tong Di Zhou couple often face the dilemma of not having enough to eat,
But their research was never interrupted.
One day, Tong Di Zhou saw him at the town's thrift stall
The microscope that must be used to do the experiment,
He excitedly pulled his wife to see,
A price, to sixty thousand pieces!
But the couple couldn't even get six hundred pieces!
Go back the next day,
The boss's starting price on the ground rose by another five thousand!
For this microscope,
The couple sells what they can sell,
And borrowed money from friends and family,
It took a long time to get enough of this huge amount of money,
And this arrears,
It took them 10 years to pay it off.
Leaning on this old microscope,
In China, which was raging at that time,
Tong's first week of research results are frequent,
His papers crossed the ocean,
Published in a journal in the United Kingdom.
Needham, a fellow of the Royal Society, read the paper,
Specially ran to Li Zhuang to visit Tong Di Zhou.
After visiting the laboratory made up of several broken benches,
Needham closed his mouth in surprise,
In this place where there is no electricity,
Tong Di Zhou was able to complete a difficult experiment,
Write such a high-level essay!
"What a miracle! Simply incredible! ”
When Tong said goodbye to Needham,
Needham asked incomprehensibly:
"Brussels has such a good laboratory.
Why do you have to experiment in such a wasteland? ”
Tong Di Zhou replied, "I am Chinese." ”
Later, when Needham spoke,
Specifically mentioning his observations in China,
Call the first week couple
"The Curie couple in China".
NO.3
The most cattle "sweeping monk" in the laboratory
After the founding of New China,
Tong Di Zhou threw himself into the construction of new China,
Even, he refused
Yale's high-paying hires.
He served successively
Director and Vice President of the Department of Zoology, Shandong University,
Director of the Department of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other important positions,
In 1953, he began his research
At that time, the new technology that the international was just involved in:
clone.
At the same starting line,
The choice of foreign scientists is simpler
amphibians do cloning studies,
Tong First Week directly turned on "Hardmode",
Skip the amphibians and study the fish directly.
As a scientist,
Tong Di Zhou knows better than anyone
Scientific research should be carried out step by step,
But fish are more economically valuable to the motherland that is in ruins and waiting to be revived.
No matter how hard it is, you have to figure it out!
The egg cells of fish are more fragile than those of frogs.
The slightest deviation in the experiment will rupture.
At that time, the technical conditions in China were very poor,
Experiments succeed or fail
It's all about a pair of hands in the first week of the child.
Only to see tong's first week with those magical hands,
Handling fiberglasses that are thinner than baby hair,
Within a hundredth of a millimeter of accuracy,
Come and go freely, with ease,
Such operations have reached the limits of humanity.
Tong Zhou soaked in the laboratory day and night,
It's been a whole decade!
In 1963,
He finished between carp and crucian carp
nuclear transplantation,
This is the world's first xenomorph transplant.
Subsequently, he and Yan Shaoyi published
Paper entitled "Nuclear Transplantation of Fish Cells",
First reported on the nuclear transplantation of fish at home and abroad,
The significance of this study is that
First time with fish
The possibility of xenoclonal cloning was confirmed.
Carp that have been transplanted with nuclei grow up slowly
Their bodies have undergone wonderful changes:
Some of the carp grew into a single tail,
Exhibited the caudal fin traits of crucian carp!
This single-tailed fish is called "child fish".
However, for various reasons,
Although this scientific discovery is significant,
But it is difficult to get the attention of the world's scientific community.
Specimens of juvenile fish
Just when Tong's first week's research was getting better,
A sudden catastrophe,
Interrupted his exploration,
He was branded a "reactionary academic authority",
Those hands that have done miracles again and again,
Picked up a broom and cleaned up the toilet,
Become a "sweeping monk" in the building of the Academy of Sciences.
Deng Xiaoping once said indignantly:
"To let him sweep the floor is to ruin the saints"
But the first week of tong is 10 years.
After the end of the Cultural Revolution,
The first week of the child who is over the age of ancient age
Only to finally return to the laboratory.
In 1978, at the National Science Congress,
Tong First Week was awarded
National Advanced Worker of Science and Technology Title,
In the same year, he was appointed vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The spring of science has come,
Tong Di Zhou excitedly wrote a poem:
Zhou Xi Zhou Xi, old and rare
The remnants of the body survived, and the brain power was still good
May we follow the example of the old cattle and sacrifice our lives for the country
However, Tong Di Zhou's miraculous hands began to tremble,
He could no longer hold the instrument,
Experiments can no longer be done precisely.
March 6, 1979,
When Tong made a report for more than 2,000 researchers in the first week,
Heart attack, fainting on the podium,
On March 30, 2016,
He died in Beijing at the age of 77.
People's Daily published the news of his death on the front page.
A year later, the paper was written by Tong Dizhou,
Carp nucleus and crucian carp cytoplasm
A nuclear hybrid fish that combines
Published in Both Chinese and English
In 1980, the 4th issue of "Science in China" was published.
The paper reports on China's success
Get messages for cloned fish with "developmental versatility".
This is the first reported case in the world
Mature interspecific
Embryonic cells clone animals.
Chinese scientist in 1981
Continuing the study of the first week of childhood,
Again with the kidney cells of adult crucian carp,
Obtained triploid clone fish,
and develop into adults,
Somatic cells that prove adult fish
It can also be dedivised and re-programmed,
Has the totipotency of developing into an individual.
The research paper was published in the Journal of Aquatic Sciences in 1986.
This is the first report in the world
Somatic clones of animals.
(Source: Southern Weekend, February 23, 2006)
Tong Di Zhou (first left) with colleagues in the lab
This means that Chinese scientists are in
The first one was cultivated in 1981
Cloned fish are more sensational than in 1996,
Dolly, a cloned sheep born in England,
Exactly 15 years earlier.
Under the publicity of the BBC and the American media,
Dolly's sheep became the most famous animal in the world,
Was named the year
The first of the world's top ten scientific and technological progress.
However, China's Tong Di Zhou,
And the scientists who bred cloned fish
As a pioneer of cloning technology in the world,
But almost no one knows.
Until 2005,
Thomson Institute for Scientific Informatics (ISI),
Only in the special issue released,
Briefly mentioned,
Chinese scientist in 1981
The first cloned fish, crucian carp, was bred.
Before his death, Tong Lao said:
"What our cause needs is hands,
Not the mouth! ”
Today, what can make the child elderly happy is that
After a lapse of 37 years,
The world's first somatic cloned monkey was born in China.
"This outcome will be more than that
Animal research brings revolutionary changes,
It will also promote humanity
Development of new regimens for disease treatment. ”
If the child has knowledge in heaven,
He must have been very pleased!
Because generation after generation Chinese
They are all trying to achieve this sentence he once said:
"Foreigners can do it,
Chinese can do it too.".
Image source: Captain Crow
70 years of the Republic,
From standing up, to getting rich, to being strong,
Countless great powers like Tong Di Zhou are the backbone
Buried head bowed,
With their own backbone,
Stand up the whole of China!
The masters are gone, but their stories,
Every time we read,
Just moved once, tears filled the eyes once.
Their spirit is like a beacon,
Illuminate us to continue to struggle,
Inspire us to run and chase our dreams!
Rest assured, seniors,
The blueprint you have worked so hard to draw,
Your aspirations for the future,
In today's China,
Little by little it becomes a reality!
References: "Cloning Pioneers - Biography of Tong Di Zhou", Zhejiang People's Publishing House; "Master - Tong Di Zhou"; "Tong Di Anniversary Table" Science Network;
— THE END —
☀ This article is excerpted from Beiyang Home (ID: bypm2016) and published with permission.
MORE
Burn the hot article
◐◑ Real masters have a game-breaking mentality
◐◑Why is the captain of Sichuan Airlines so cattle?
◐◑ Tang Bohu: I have never lit autumn incense
◐◑ In 1989, a man named Haizi decided to leave
◐◑ How to make learning as fun as playing a game?