In 1955, when the whole army conferred the title, the so-called "hilltop" was also one of the factors to be considered in the rank level and quota allocation, to put it bluntly, the evaluation of the title also had to take into account the relationship between the "gangs" and the balance. Chairman Mao has also said many times: "The Chinese revolution has many hills, and mountaintopism is a product of Chinese society and the special circumstances of the Chinese revolution, and this thing should be recognized." What is bad is hilltopism, sectarianism, not hilltops. Therefore, we must recognize the mountain and oppose the mountaintop doctrine. ”
Founding Major General He Jinnian
During the period of the agrarian revolutionary war, the Red Army had several parts, including the Red Army (the Central Red Army), the Red Second Front, the Red Fourth Front, and the Northern Shaanxi Red Army, and there were also many base areas, including the Central Soviet Base Area, the Eyu-Anhui Base Area, the Xiang'e-E-West Base Area, the Fujian-Zhejiang-Gansu Base Area, and the Northern Shaanxi Base Area. This aspect of the evaluation should also be taken into account.
Among them, the base area in northern Shaanxi is a special existence. Among the major Red Army, the Red Army in northern Shaanxi was the smallest in size, but it eventually accepted the Red First, Red Second, and Red Fourth Fronts, providing a foothold for the expeditionary expedition, the exhausted Party, and the Red Army. In October 1935, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Central Red Army crossed the last big mountain on the long march, Liupan Mountain, and successfully arrived at its destination, northern Shaanxi, creating the future glory of the people's army. Without this foothold in northern Shaanxi, it is really difficult to predict what the ultimate fate of the Party and the Red Army will be. Therefore, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the appraisal title is somewhat of the meaning of "on merit and reward" ranking. Since we have laid the foundation of the country and established a new dynasty, it is natural to evaluate military ranks, of course, this is also to meet the needs of modern army building, corresponding to other countries in the world, so as to facilitate future work.
Chairman Mao received Lieutenant General Li Shouxuan
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > so, what are the representative figures of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, and which founding generals are evaluated? What ranks have they all been awarded? </h1>
One is Liu Zhidan.
Liu Zhidan was the leader of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi and one of the main founders of the Northwest Red Army and the Northwest Revolutionary Base Area. Liu Zhidan is a graduate of the fourth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy and is a classmate of Lin Biao. When Xu Haidong led the Red 25th Army to fight in northern Shaanxi, he joined the divisions of the Red 26th Army and the Red 27th Army in northern Shaanxi, and the troops were merged into the Red Fifteenth Army, with Xu Haidong as the commander of the army and Liu Zhidan as the deputy commander and chief of staff. After the Long March of the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, Liu Zhidan and Xu Haidong actively supported the leadership of the Central Committee and did their best to help the Central Red Army. Unfortunately, in April 1936, Liu Zhidan died during the Eastern Expedition to Shanxi at the age of 33. Liu Zhidan is one of the 36 military experts recognized by the Central Military Commission and one of the heroic models who have made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China.
Liu Zhidan
The second is Xie Zichang.
Xie Zichang was one of the founders of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, serving as the commander-in-chief of the Northwest Revolutionary Base Area in 1931 and the chairman of the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission in 1935. He died on February 21, 1935, at the age of 38, as his wounds worsened. In 1939, the shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region government decided to relocate Xie Zichang's remains to his hometown for burial, and built a martyr's tomb with Chairman Mao's handwritten inscription on the tombstone. In the same year, the Northwest Working Committee of the Communist Party of China renamed Xie Zichang's hometown of Anding County to Zichang County to commemorate his great achievements.
Xie Zichang
The third is the high post.
Gao Gang was a peasant, graduated from the Zhongshan Military School in Xi'an, joined the Party in 1926, and was one of the founders of the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army and the Northern Shaanxi Base Area. Gao Gang had a smooth sailing in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and he held a high position deeply; when he returned to Beijing to serve as chairman of the Planning Commission, there was a saying that "five horses enter Beijing, and one horse leads the way." The Planning Commission in 1952 was not under the jurisdiction of the State Council and was an institution at the same level as the State Council. Gao Gang can be described as a spring breeze proud of horseshoe disease, and see all the Chang'an flowers in one day. But the joy will be reversed, people should not be proud when they gain power, they must be modest and low-key, and they know how to choose between advances and retreats. Gao Gang was overwhelmed and gradually developed the idea of "different", so that he made a big mistake. At the time of the awarding of the title, Gao Gang had already cut himself off from the people, so he could not talk about whether he had a military rank or not.
High post
The fourth is He Jinnian.
He Jinnian was born in 1910 in Hejiawan, Anding County, and he was also one of the founders of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. He Jinnian joined the Party in 1928 and joined the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in 1930. During the Red Army period, he successively served as the commander of the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrilla brigade, the chief of staff and commander-in-chief of the General Headquarters, and the commander, division, and commander of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
Statue of General He Jinnian
He Jinnian's highest position during the Red Army period was the commander of the Red 27 Army, the political commissar at that time was Wang Ping, the chief of staff was Li Shouxuan, and the director of the political department was Li Zhimin. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Jinnian served as the commander of the First Regiment of the Eighth Route Army's Left Guard Corps and the commander of the Trilateral Military Sub-district, and the commander of the Third Brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Joint Defense Army. At this stage, he actively organized the troops to carry out large-scale production movements, and was rated as a hero of labor in the border areas, and Chairman Mao personally issued him an award certificate and wrote a letter: Arduous struggle and indomitable.
Shaanxi-Gansu Border Region Base Area Memorial Hall
During the Liberation War, He Jinnian served as commander of the Hejiang Military Region of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, commander of the Jiamusi Garrison District, commander and political commissar of the Cavalry Column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, deputy commander of the Seventh Column of the Northeast Field Army, commander of the 11th Column of the Northeast Field Army, commander of the 48th Army of the Fourth Field Army, deputy commander of the 15th Corps of the Four Fields, first deputy commander of the Jiangxi Military Region, and commander of the Southwest Gan Military Region.
Objectively speaking, in addition to the slightly weaker military achievements in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Jinnian made outstanding military achievements during the Red Army period and the Liberation War period, and led his troops to participate in many decisive battles, such as the Autumn Offensive of Dongye, the Winter Offensive, the Liaoshen Campaign, and the Pingjin Campaign, and he was no less than the commanders of other columns in terms of battle results. In addition, He Jinnian also presided over the work of suppressing bandits, and was known as "the expert in suppressing bandits".
He Jinnian
Fifth, Yan Hongyan.
Yan Hongyan was also one of the founders of the Northwest Red Army and the Shaanxi-Gansu Base Area, he joined the Party in 1925, participated in the Qingjian Uprising in 1927, became the leader of the first brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment in 1932, the leader of the Fifth Detachment, and in 1936 he became the commander of the Red Army along the river, mainly responsible for blocking the Yellow River crossing and ensuring the smooth progress of the Red Army's Eastern Crusade. In March 1936, he became the commander and political commissar of the 30th Army, and led the troops to participate in the Crusade. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yan Hongyan served as the commander of the Third Regiment of the Eighth Route Army's Rear Guard Office, the political commissar of the First Garrison Brigade, and led his troops to garrison the southern gate of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.
Admiral Yan Hongyan
During the Liberation War, Yan Hongyan served as deputy commander, deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department of the Third Squadron of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Field Army, and led his troops to participate in the Battle of Handan, the Battle of Dingtao, the Battle of Tangyin, and the Battle of Southwest Lu, and later led his troops to advance into Dabie Mountain. In 1948, he also participated in the Battle of Zhengzhou, the Battle of Huaihai, the Battle of Crossing the River and the Battle of Liberating the Great Southwest, and General Yan Hongyan spent his life on horseback and worked hard.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > in summary, two of the five representative figures of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi died in the War of Resistance, one made a major mistake after the founding of the People and cut himself off from the people, and the remaining two were He Jinnian and Yan Hongyan. </h1>
However, it is strange that He Jinnian's seniority and military achievements are comparable to Yan Hongyan's, and even slightly superior, but when he was awarded the title in 1955, He Jinnian was only awarded major general, while Yan Hongyan was awarded general. What is even more intriguing is that according to the regulations at that time, Yan Hongyan had been transferred to local work for five years, successively serving as deputy secretary of the Sichuan Provincial CPC Committee, vice governor, secretary, and then transferred to the first secretary of the Yunnan Provincial CPC Committee. Therefore, Yan Hongyan urgently served as the second political commissar of the Chengdu Military Region before the title was awarded, and was finally awarded the rank of founding general.
Yan Hongyan
Of course, some people say that Xu Haidong is the representative of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, he was awarded the rank of general, and he is the representative of the general in the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, but Xu Haidong is not the founder of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, and he only arrived in northern Shaanxi from the Long March of Dabie Mountain in early 1935, only a few months before the Central Red Army. The real representatives of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi were Yan Hongyan and He Jinnian. After being awarded the rank in 1955, He Jinnian served as deputy commander of the armored corps for a long time, partnering with General Xu Guangda.
Xie Zichang and Liu Zhidan
Looking at the Red 27 Army that year, the commander was He Jinnian, and the political commissar of the 27 Army, Wang Ping, was awarded the rank of general, the chief of staff Li Shouxuan was a lieutenant general, and the director of the political department, Li Zhimin, was a lieutenant general, the same army, the commander was rated as a major general, the political commissar was a general, and the director of the political department and the chief of staff were both lieutenant generals. The fair result is that He Jinnian should be a general, Wang Ping should be a lieutenant general, and the chief of staff and the director of the political department should be a lieutenant general.
Admiral Wang Ping
Here is a sentence inserted, in 1953, when the army was rated, He Jinnian was actually rated as a division level, and the corresponding rank was colonel, and later He Laozong could not bear to look at it, personally inquired, reflected the situation to the higher-level organization, and then changed to major general.
So why is this happening?
There are mainly two reasons, one is that He Jinnian is close to Gao Gang and is influenced by Gao Gang. Second, Yan Hongyan went to Moscow in 1935 to attend the Seventh Congress of the Comintern, and in order to restore ties with the CCP, the Comintern sent Yan Hongyan to return home with a codebook. In order to complete this glorious and arduous task, Yan Hongyan forgot to eat and sleep, memorized the codebook day and night, worked hard in a short period of time to learn the English alphabet, and then memorized the code in his brain. On April 24, Yan Hongyan disguised himself and set off from the Soviet Union, enduring all kinds of hardships along the way, wading through mountains and rivers, crossing mountains and mountains, and when he arrived in Xinjiang, he learned that the Central Red Army had already triumphantly met in northern Shaanxi. Chairman Mao tightly held Yan Hongyan's hand and said, "Thank you for your painstaking efforts in accomplishing the great task entrusted to you by the Communist International, and for making a great contribution to the revolution." Therefore, Yan Hongyan and Xu Haidong are both people who have made great contributions to the Chinese revolution in a special period, so that Yan Hongyan and He Jinnian will have a reversal. In fact, Yan Hongyan is a special case, the only one in the whole army.
General He Jinnian
And He Jinnian commented that major general is indeed low, and to be fair, lieutenant general is more suitable, and general can also be, because he was originally a deputy corps level.