"The Purpose of Painting" is a treatise on landscape painting by Dong Qichang, which combines painters, painting methods, appreciation, and appraisal in one book, which has a certain influence on the painting circles of the late Ming and Qing Dynasties. The content is as follows:
[sic] The painter's six methods, one is "vivid and vivid".
【Interpretation】Qi rhyme: refers to the temperament rhyme of the painting characters, and is later widely used in landscapes, flowers and birds and other painting disciplines. It has become the highest standard for the evaluation of Chinese paintings.
【Expansion】The Southern Dynasty Qi Sheikh first proposed the concept of painting "Six Laws" in the "Catalogue of Ancient Paintings". First, the vivid rhyme is also; second, the bone method is also used in the pen; third, the pictogram of the object is also; fourth, the color is also with the class; fifth, the business position is also; sixth, the transfer mold is also.
[sic] "Qi rhyme" can not be learned, known in this life, naturally taught.
【Interpretation】 Heavenly Teaching: It is said that it is known without learning. The atmosphere is vivid, including the painter's natural temperament and personality characteristics vividly reflected in the painting.
[sic] However, there are also places to learn, read thousands of books, travel thousands of miles, remove the dust in the chest, and camp in the natural hills and ravines. The establishment of Guo Guo, handwritten, are all for the landscape to convey the gods.
【Interpretation】 Dust: Refers to the chaos of the world, the ordinary. Hilly: A profound artistic conception. Guo Guo: Barrier. i.e. the screen.
[sic] Looking up at the clouds and changing, you can put it into the pen, I taste the Dongting Lake pushing the canopy and looking at it, just like the Mijia ink drama.
【Interpretation】Change: unpredictable. Fickle. Long-sighted: Far-sighted, extremely far-sighted.
【Expansion】 Mi Jia Ink Drama refers to Mi Fu, Mi Youren father and son painting at will, not informal to the traditional method, stripping off the shape, using the ink splash method to paint Yun Shan, unique.
[sic] Another Mishiki Wenju Jingkou, said that the Northern Gu Mountains and the Haimen are connected, taking its context as "Xiaoxiang White Cloud Scroll". Therefore, the Tang Dynasty painted horses into the gods: "100,000 horses in the sky, all of them are also painted." ”
【Interpretation】 Mi Shiki Wen: That is, Mi YuRen, because of the taste of the official Shiki Bunke Straight Bachelor, so called. Jingkou: The name of the ancient city. In present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. Beigu: The name of the mountain. In the northeast of present-day Zhenjiang City, there are three peaks in the south, middle and north, and the north peak faces the river. The situation is dangerous, so it is called "Beigu". Haimen: That is, the sea mouth, where the inland river exits the sea. Continuous: The connection is continuous and continuous. Immersion: Refers to the skill of reaching the state of divine wonder. Tianxiao: Where the emperor keeps horses.
[sic] When a scholar paints, he should do it in the way of grass and strange characters.
【Interpretation】Qizi: One of the six books of the Han Dynasty Mangshi, which was roughly changed according to the ancient text. It also refers to ancient scripts in general.
[sic] Trees are like bent iron, mountains are like picturesque sand, and the sweet and vulgar path is not removed, but for morale.
[Interpretation] Extinction: Exhaustion. Sweet: Soft cooked kitsch. Trail: Doorway; Path. Rustic: The style of the works of the scholars.
【Expansion】"Qu Tie", that is, the "folding strand" in calligraphy, is a metaphor for the requirements and artistic effects of the pen at the turning point of the calligraphy and painting. It requires that when the stroke is turned, the pen is flattened on the paper, and the pen is round and not distorted, such as the bend of the iron, although it is twisted and the body is round. "Painted sand", also known as "like cone painting sand", is the magic of describing the calligraphy "center" and "hidden front". The cone is drawn into the sand, and the two sides of the sand shape are raised, and the middle is concave into a line, reflecting the artistic effect of "force through the back of the paper".
[sic] No, passed the level of severity, has fallen into the realm of the painter demon, and can no longer be saved.
【Interpretation】Yan Ran: solemn, solemn appearance. Demon Realm: Refers to a demented and chaotic mental state or a realm of the evil path.
[sic] If you can free the rope, it is through the net scales.
【Interpretation】Rope bundle: restraint, restraint. Through the net scales: Vivid and lively. Through, jump.
[sic] The ancients could not do their tricks, and the Yuan Jigao people were hidden in the history of painting.
[Interpretation] Trick: skill; skill. Tall people: refers to people who are highly talented.
[sic] If Huang Gongwang does not know his end, or goes to the immortal;
[Interpretation] Or: Some people. WITH: Think. Immortals go: Become immortals and go away.
【Expansion】 Tao Zongyi called Huang Gongwang "his original surname Lu" in the "Record of Quitting Cultivation", and succeeded the Huang clan of Pingyang in Wenzhou as a righteous son, because he changed his surname to Huang, the name Gongwang, the character Zijiu, the number Yifeng, the big idiot Daoist and so on. The death of Huang Gongwang, posterity left many beautiful legends. For example, Zhou Lianggong's "Book Shadow": "Li Junshi (Li Rihua) said: It is often heard that Huang Zijiu ... One day in the Wulin Tiger run, Fang Tongshu guest standing stone, suddenly the four mountains clouds overflowed and flourished, and when the film did not see Zi Jiu, I thought that the immortal had gone. Sun Chengze's "Records of Gengzi Pinxia" also has a record of "the human transmission of sons has long soared on the stone of the wulin tiger". Fang Xuan's "On the Painting of Mountain Tranquility" is even more said: "After his death, people saw him blowing bamboo out of Qin Guan, so he thought that the cicadas did not die." ”
[sic] Tao Zongyi is also a different person;
【Expansion】Tao Zongyi: Character Jiucheng, Nancun, late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty writers, historians Gong Poetry, good calligraphy and painting. The idiom "Jiye into a book" tells the story of Tao Zongyi.
[sic] Wu Zhonggui, a plum blossom Daoist, wrote himself "Plum Blossom Monk", and after the military rebellion, he was unique to the monk's tomb, and the wisdom of The Lizi was complete.
【Expansion】 Meihua Daoist refers to Wu Zhen, one of the four families of the Yuan Dynasty; 樗里子: also known as Li Liqi, the half-brother of King Hui of Qin in the Warring States. He lives in The Garden, and calls himself "Kiriko". Good words, many wisdom, Qin people called "think tank".
[sic] Shen Qinan and Wen Zhengzhong of the State Dynasty were both corporals, and those who were not good at painting were also the characters. This "qi rhyme can not be learned" also.
[Interpretation] and make: if hypocrisy. Zheng Zheng: The metaphor is famous and talented.
【Expansion】 Shen Qinan character Daoming, number Zhichong, also known as Chaoyun, Chengyuan Layer Shi, Gong poetry, calligraphy Zong Li Yong; Wen Zhengzhong refers to Wen Zhengming.
[sic] In the past, people commented on Zhao Danian's paintings, saying that it was better to have a thousand books in his chest.
【Expansion】Zhao Danian: Ming LingYong, Zi Da Nian, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin V grandson, gong painting landscape, flowers and fruits, feathers, beautiful brush, especially long golden and blue landscape. Distant master Li Sixun father and son.
[sic] In the new year, the Song Emperor's room was not allowed to travel far, and every time he got a new realm, he knew that "it is also the upper tomb and the return".
【Interpretation】New Realm: New Realm. Purpose: Weigh also. Praise; praise. Shangling: The emperor went to the ancestral tomb to make sacrifices.
【Expansion】 Successive dynasties and dynasties have strictly restricted the royal family kings, and members of the royal family must obtain the approval of the imperial court if they want to leave the royal palace.
The pictures in the text are selected from Wang Yi's "Antique Landscape Album"