The locomotive is the image representative of the train, which represents the majestic sense of power of the train and directly attracts our attention.
Is there a hidden law in the distribution of locomotives in China? What are the distribution rules of the old locomotive? What was the law of the allocation of new locomotives at the beginning of this century? What are the latest distribution patterns and trends for locomotives?
In answering 4 questions, we will find the allocation law of Chinese locomotives, relying on big data to try to outline an easy-to-understand map of the distribution of locomotives in China in the 21st century.
This map is a statement of angle, and this statement shows the development rhythm and technical highlights of Chinese locomotives. In this issue, we will discuss the third question: What is the law of the allocation of new locomotives at the beginning of this century?
In the 21st century, the era of high-speed rail is coming, and the development of new locomotives has begun to focus on freight locomotives, and has successively developed harmonious electric locomotives and harmonious diesel locomotives.
Therefore, we call the two series of locomotive models that appeared in the high-speed rail era "new locomotives".
So, is the "new locomotive" still equipped in the vicinity of the locomotive factory area and equipped according to the line? What are the distribution rules for the new locomotive?
The Beijing-Guangzhou Line and the Yangtze River are used to demarcate three initial mating areas for harmonious locomotives
The reason for finding the distribution of locomotives comes from a senior railway locomotive expert around 2010 who inadvertently said: "The industry is divided into the east and west with the Beijing-Guangzhou line as the longitudinal line, and the eastern part of the Beijing-Guangzhou line is divided into two regions, the Yangtze River as a horizontal line. Chinese locomotives are assigned to the western part of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line, the southern part of the Yangtze River in the east of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line, and the north of the Yangtze River in the east of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line. ”
The heavy mountains west of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line, coupled with the topography of falling from west to east, make most of the railways in this area have large slopes and many curves. Although a large number of bridges and tunnels were built, 12‰ ramps often appeared under the wheels of locomotives, sometimes reaching more than 30 ‰. The western part of the Beijing-Guangzhou line is mainly equipped with eight-axle 9600 kW Harmony locomotives. The high power of 9600 kilowatts is designed for this large ramp. The eight-axle locomotive is flexible and deals with too many corners in this area by dealing with too many corners when cornering.
However, the area east of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line and north of the Yangtze River is equipped with a six-axle 9600 kW Harmony locomotive. Why six axes instead of eight? Because the Northeast Plain and the North China Plain are flat, the slope is basically below 6 ‰, even if there is a ramp, it is mostly a slow slope that tends to be straight, unlike the mountainous areas in the west of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line, while climbing a large slope, you have to make a sharp turn. In this case, the flexibility requirements for the locomotive bogie are reduced, and six axles are sufficient. As for why it is 9600 kilowatts, it is because the heavy industry and energy industry in this area are concentrated, the cargo volume is large, and the length of the station and marshalling yard has been completed early from 850 meters to 1050 meters, so it is possible to make a train multi-marshalled vehicle, then the power of the locomotive naturally needs to be improved.
To the east of the Beijing-Guangzhou Line and south of the Yangtze River, there are six-axle 7200 kW locomotives. Here, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the Jianghan Plain in Hubei, the Dongting Lake Plain in Hunan (collectively known as the Two Lakes Plain) and the Poyang Lake Plain in Jiangxi, are low and flat, and the ground height is mostly below 50 meters. The terrain formed by the alluvial plains makes it very flat, and the six axles of the locomotive are enough. As for the 7200 kW, it is because this area has not fully completed the transformation of the station yard, and it is mainly 850 meters of type, the possibility of increasing the number of trains is reduced, the load of the train is reduced, and the power of the required locomotives is reduced simultaneously.
This is from the geographical + economic point of view of the analysis of the allocation, this division will focus on the central and southern part of our country, dilute the northwest, northeast, southwest and other regions, and the most critical, this statement is only for China's new locomotives, that is, the harmony series of locomotives that just appeared at that time, is the distribution law of the initial harmony series of locomotives.
Moreover, this distribution law focuses on freight locomotives. Within the railway system, the reliability of passenger locomotives is more demanding, but due to the light load of the train, it is not first divided by power. And this division, with power as the primary premise. Therefore, this is a configuration plan that belongs to the freight locomotive.
The new diesel locomotive loves white mountains and black water
The new diesel locomotives are currently operating on the line with two harmony locomotives, the HXN3 and HXN5.
From the map, the northern region of China, especially the northeast end of Heilongjiang and the northwest of Xinjiang, almost all are internal combustion locomotives, mainly "old Dongfeng", in 2012 gradually to the harmony HXN3 type and HXN5 type these two new internal combustion locomotives conversion. At present, the number of harmonious diesel locomotives of China Railway Harbin Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and China Railway Shenyang Bureau Group Co., Ltd. is very large, especially the Shenyang Bureau Group Company has reached more than 400 units.
In the central region, especially in the central and eastern regions, the Dongfeng series of diesel locomotives is still in use, but it is no longer the main force. In the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Kowloon four longitudinal and longhai line east section of the busy trunk line, the main is a six-axle 9600 kilowatt harmony electric locomotive, the other lines are equipped with six-axle 7200 kilowatt harmony electric locomotive. The region is rapidly moving towards electrification, with electric locomotives in the process of being replaced and a climate.
From the middle to the south, Wuhan, Nanchang and Guangzhou, the figure of harmonious electric locomotives has increased. From north to south, locomotives go from internal combustion to electricity, which is a longitudinal ecological line. This is also the result: the new diesel locomotive loves white mountains and black water the most.
New electric locomotives are on the rise of the central logistics corridor
The direction that our people are most concerned about is passenger transport, while the economic circle is concerned with freight, and the power of railway freight is even more important.
Harmony locomotives, whether electrical or internal combustion, mainly serve freight, and harmony freight locomotives are nearly 4 times the number of harmony passenger locomotives. First, because the harmonious freight locomotive is more powerful and more suitable for pulling goods, and the other is because after the arrival of the EMU to lead the future of passenger trains, the increase in freight volume has become a new concern of the industry and the country. At present, it seems that the development, production and configuration of railway locomotives will tend to the direction of freight. Freight locomotives, and electric locomotives as the development trend, China's current freight electric locomotives are more than 3 times the passenger transport.
After 2012, the allocation of harmony electric locomotives began to increase, with More than 500 units of China Railway Beijing Bureau Group Co., Ltd., while China Railway Zhengzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. had nearly 1,000 units, and China Railway Xi'an Bureau Group Co., Ltd. had nearly 800 units.
The three railway bureau group companies are connected to the central logistics heavy line with the main lines of Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Shanghai, Longhai and other trunk lines, and this north-south steel transportation line composed of multiple railway lines connects the entire Chinese logistics network with the geographical advantage of being located in the core area of the central region.
Extending this steel logistics line to the north, Shenyang Bureau Group Company has more than 500 harmonious electric locomotives. To the west, China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. has more than 700 harmony electric locomotives.
After several speed increases, the implementation of the promotion of long traffic, car circulation, wheel ride system, many railway bureau group companies only retained one locomotive section. At that time, there were two aircraft maintenance sections in Zhengzhou Bureau Group Company, one was Zhengzhou Aircraft Maintenance Section, and the other was Xinxiang Aircraft Maintenance Section.
In the Zhengzhou locomotive section, stepping into the driver's cab of the harmonious locomotive, I can't help but sigh that the new car is still good. Compared with older cars, the cab here is wider and compact. Because they are all single-division mechanisms, the driver's cab has only one driver's seat, which is as wide as the boss's swivel chair, occupying the space in the middle of the driver's cab. The operator station and dashboard have a sense of design, and the taste of modernity and fashion has emerged.
Although they are all harmonious electric locomotives, there are also good and bad cars. In this regard, the driver has the most say. The performance of locomotives will be manifested in the special period of operation, and when climbing hills, grabbing points, and stopping, the number of electric locomotives that can be called "good cars" by drivers is gradually increasing.
The 1,000-meter long train starts without strong inertial vibrations, and braking equipment helps to achieve this action gently and gently. The car slowly moves forward, smooth and powerful when speeding up, letting you know the strength of the new harmonious electric locomotive. The continuous high speed that follows allows you to continue to marvel at the car.
In addition to power performance, most of the old locomotives do not have air conditioning, but this is not the key, and the lack of sealing is the most frightening to the driver. After the locomotive runs at high speed, the sealing is not good, it will be air-permeable, there will be a lot of noise, and there will be negative pressure. Now, the new Harmony electric locomotive has improved a lot, and the noise decibels in the cab have been significantly reduced.
In such a driver's room, at a speed of 120 kilometers per hour along the Beijing-Guangzhou Line from north to south, looking at the front of the train, I felt the might, which came from the train.
Source: People's Railway Newspaper
Text: Nina Zhao
Photo: Li Zhuocheng Liu Jiaye Li Changhai Zhang Xiaobin Wang Peng Sun Jingran Xing Yi
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Source: People's Railway Network