Chinese calligraphy has a long history, and the Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the development of calligraphy, with a hundred flowers blooming and famous masters, especially the calligraphy, forming the three great masters of Ou, Yan and Liu. Liu Gongquan (778-865) was seventy years old when yan Zhenqing (709-785) was born, and Ouyang Qing (557-641) was more than a hundred years old. Liu Gongquan first learned Wang Xizhi, and then collected Ou and Yan Zhichang in one, forming his own unique style, and his works have also become a model for successive generations of calligraphers to learn, and are highly respected by the book community.
As soon as the Liu Gongquan Fa Ti is mentioned, it will immediately remind people of the "Divine Strategy Military Monument" and the "Xuan secret Pagoda Stele", and successive generations of scholars have regarded these two stele as representatives of the Liu Shu, which has become a conclusive conclusion. However, in the spring of 1997, I happened to get an expanded copy of Liu Gongquan's Xiaokai "Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowments", (see Attached Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) each word about 1. 5 cm square, the book was well preserved in July of the fourth year of Huichang (844). The entire book is 12 pages high, each page is 19. 5cm, width 9. 5 cm, 53 lines of text, 11 words per line, 8 words in the last line, 4 words in the name of the stele, 17 words in the paragraph, a total of 601 words. On the first page, the word "also", the second page "zhi" word, the third page "zhi" word, the seventh page "big" word, the eighth page "Xia" word, the tenth page "zhi" word, the eleventh page "big" word, a total of seven words slightly damaged, but still do not affect the recognition, the rest of the words are clear.
"Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowments" is engraved by Shao Jianhe, and the knife technique is natural and very subtle. Many of the stele written by Liu Gongquan were engraved by Shao Jianhe. For example, the "Diamond Sutra", "Official Shangshu Feng Su Stele", "Yuezhou Governor Punishment Department Shangshu Fu Phosphorus Stele", "Tang HuiyuanGuan Bell Tower Inscription", etc., the pioneers are also very refined, the ink color is mellow, and it is integrated. The first page of this extension is the word "Shi", and the second page of the word "Min" is missing a pen due to avoidance (see Figure 7). The most valuable thing about the Nine Doubts mountain fu is that Liu Gongquan wrote in the heyday of his works, and his masterpiece "Xuan secret pagoda stele" was written in the first year of Huichang (841), the "Divine Strategy Military Monument" was written in the third year of Huichang (843), and the "Nine Doubtful Mountain Fu" was written in the fourth year of Huichang. At present, most of the book circles believe that the "Divine Strategy Military Monument" is Liu's highest level work, but judging from the works of "Nine Doubts mountain endowment", although it is only one year later than the "Divine Strategy Military Monument", it is more rigorous and refined in both structure and point painting. We can find ten identical words from the "Secret Pagoda Stele", "Divine Strategy Military Stele" and "Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowments" and see it at a glance.
"Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowment" is 601 words throughout, the words are meticulous with the pen, fat and thin, the flesh and blood are beautiful, it can be said that it is not good. In the lower right corner of the first page of the Tuoben there is a Zhu seal, "Seal of the Secret Of the Heavy Light", and the last page has five Zhu seals, namely "Han Cui Xuan Lord", "Heirloom Qing Play", "Shanyin Shen Clan", "Liu Yong", "Seal of Shi'an", and has Zhu Pen Circle Point. I consulted many materials from the past, but I did not find any writings and records about the "Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowments", and I consulted several scholars, but I did not know that there was this, but once I was viewed, I lamented that this extension should be the first in the Willow Book, and there is no doubt about the authenticity. Calligrapher Mr. Zhao Sijing looked at the postscript:
Nine Doubtful Mountains, treasures of the book world. The engraving is subtle and the handwriting is clear. Unfortunately, the original stele can no longer be examined, so this post should be cherished. Think of a thousand years ago, perhaps widely circulated, nearly a hundred years later, it is indeed rarely heard. When Yu was young, he loved calligraphy and painting, and after middle age, he was intoxicated with Ink. Whoever encounters a celebrity inscription will study it sincerely, see everyone's handwriting, and be more willing to follow it. Due to the limitations of experience, the original Tuozhen was rarely witnessed, and by chance, photocopied pictures were almost everywhere. However, the Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowments, unheard of before, Liu Shi Xiaokai, is now only seen. Looking at its glyphs, dignified and elegant, the Diamond Sutra is not enough; analyzing its knot, rigorous and solemn, there is still a gap between the divine strategy army. The envoy has a degree, the dot painting is very refined; the conversion is appropriate, the hook is picked horizontally and vertically, and it is meticulous; it can be described as exquisite and elegant, clear and free. Charming and energetic, into the magic of the spirit. Liu's books should be the best, ancient and modern small characters, when pushed first. Praise: "Dignified and elegant like a branch flower, just healthy and graceful Na especially can be praised." Clear and free room shelf is wonderful, the first in ancient and modern small characters. ”
How come there is no record of such a good Tuoben? I began to carefully examine the "Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowment", and first wrote an article "Discovering Liu Gongquan Xiaokai < The Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowment > Tuoben", which was published in the "Calligraphy Herald" on June 23, 1999, disclosing this news to the calligraphy community, and also raising many questions.
Since the article was published, there has been no news. I went to Beijing Ancient Books Bookstore, Henan Museum, Xi'an Beilin Museum and other places, but because I could not find the records, I could not identify them. This disappointed me. But everywhere he went, everyone who saw this extension was moved by the art of calligraphy. Later, I went to many libraries to check the materials, but found nothing. According to the content of this endowment, I wrote to the Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau for help, and the letter was transferred to the Ningyuan County Cultural Relics Bureau, where the Nine Doubts Mountain is located, and Mr. Zhou Jiuxuan of the Bureau found an article in the "Chronicle of the Nine Doubtful Mountains", signed "Song Tianhe Order" Huang Biaoqing. Obviously, it is impossible for the Tang people to write Song articles, is this a post-artificial forgery? However, since the Tang Dynasty, the Kaishu has tended to decline, and so far there has been no one who can compare with Liu Gongquan, let alone surpass it. If someone can achieve such a skill, there is no need to be a fake, and this endowment alone can rank among the masters of a generation. In addition, Huang Biaoqing and his people only had the "Song Tianhe Order" written after the endurance, and they could not find out the specific chronology and other records. I made a hypothesis: whether Huang Biaoqing was in the wrong era or Huang Biaoqing saw this endowment, because he was a person of the Nine Doubts Mountain, he copied it casually, and did not indicate the source, so that the text was less praised, and it was mistakenly written by posterity for its text and included in the county chronicle, and it was only worn by Zhang Guan and Li Dai. Otherwise, even if it is deliberately falsified, the Tang Dynasty had many articles before, why did it write Song articles, is this not self-deception? From this point of view, this extension cannot be regarded as a forgery based on this.
On December 22, 2004, China Cultural Relics Daily published my article, "Xiao Kai < Jiu Doubtful Mountain Endowment > Tuoben For Verification", and on January 22, 2005, "Fine Arts Newspaper" published my article "Liu Gongquan Xiaokai < Jiu Doubtful Mountain Endowment > Tuoben Question" and Tuoben photos, which caused some discussion after the publication of these two articles. On January 12, 2005, China Cultural Relics Newspaper published an article by Mr. Zhou Jiuxuan of the Ningyuan County Cultural Relics Bureau, entitled "Nine Doubts Mountain Endowment Tuoben Non-Liu Gongquan Book". Mr. Zhou Jiuxuan's article not only affirms the artistic value of the Nine Doubts mountain endowment, but also puts forward the basis for the non-Liu Gongquan's book, but I think the evidence is still very insufficient. In response to this article, I would like to make the following points:
1, Jiu Doubt Mountain has a long history, its reputation has long been widely passed down, before Liu Gongquan, Cai Yong had "Nine Doubts Mountain Inscription", Yuan Jie has "Nine Doubts Mountain Tuzhi", "LingLing Xing", Guan Yuanjie, Liu Zongyuan were once Yongzhou Thorn History, this endowment has "Bird Seal Dome, Thorn Shi Yuan Gong Pen; Telegram Strange Stone, Sheren Li Zhao's title." Without mentioning Liu Zongyuan, if it was made by the Song people, with Liu Zongyuan's reputation, it is greater than That of Yuan Jie and Li Zhao, and it is impossible not to be mentioned. Is this endowment written by Liu Zongyuan? Liu Zongyuan was in Yongzhou for ten years, and he was definitely familiar with the Nine Doubts landscape, and he was known for writing travelogues. Moreover, in 816, Liu Zongyuan asked Liu Gongquan to write the "Repeating the Record of the Great Cloud Temple" stele. It would be impossible to say that the local chronicle would record all the poetic deeds. Not to mention the local history, that is, personal anthology, no one can say that there is no omission, not to mention that after more than a thousand years, it is normal for any literature to be missing, otherwise there will not often be new discoveries.
2. The "Thirty-Six And Seventy-Two Caves of Heaven and Earth" was written in the "Seven Signatures of Yundi" in the third year of Song Tianxi (1019). This statement is wrong, according to the Old Book of Tang And Sima Chengzhen Biography: "Sima Chengzhen (646-735), ziwei, law number Daoyin, Hanoi Wen people (present-day Wen County, Henan). He is the author of one volume of "The Theory of Sitting and Forgetting", eight articles of "No Hidden Son"... "Two volumes of the Shangqing Tiangong Difu Tujing" ..." This statement has long been put forward in the "Shangqing Tiangong Difu Tujing". In addition, Mr. Zhou probably only heard about this proposal, and it seems that he has not read the "Seven Signatures of Yunji". Because of the twenty-seventh volume of the "Seven Signatures of Yunji", the Dongtianfu Dibu is: "Heaven and Earth Palace Map and Sequence - Yinqing Guanglu Doctor Zhenyi Mr. Sima Ziwei Collection", which lists the details of the thirty-six and seventy-two caves of Tianfudi, of which the thirty-six caves are recorded: "The twenty-third ninth cave is three thousand miles around, and the name is Chao Zhen tai xuan tian, in Yantang County, Daozhou, the immortal Yan Zhen Qingzhizhi." Ziwei is the character of Sima Chengzhen, who was given the title of "Mr. Yinqing Guanglu Doctor Zhenyi" during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. That is to say, Song Zhang Junfang included Sima Chengzhen's article in the "Seven Signatures of Yunji". Just like the "Seven Signatures of Yundi" volume 26 contains Han Dongfang Shuo's "Ten Continents and Three Islands".
3. "Yunge Xi Baiyun Qi" refers to the Yongfu Temple Qi Yunge, the first thing that needs to be corrected is that the original sentence should be "Yunge Xi Baiyun Fei", not "Baiyun Qi". Even "Baiyun Qi" does not necessarily refer to Qi Yun Pavilion, it can be a complete writing scene, there are high pavilions such as in the clouds, it seems to be in line with the white clouds. There are many such poems, such as the "Quan Tang Poems" in which Liu Changqing "on the lonely city and Baiyun Qi", Wang Renyu "crept on the ladder of ten thousand feet, waiting for idleness to hang in the air with Baiyun Qi", Xu Yu "came to the cliff Baiyun Qi, carried wine to cross the Nine Streams in spring", and Zhi Liang "Dai Yun Mountain Peak Baiyun Qi, climbing to the top of the Fang Zhi World Low". There have been many poems like this throughout the ages, can't we say that they all refer to "Qi Yun Pavilion" or "Qi Yun Pavilion"?
Although the Nine Doubts of the Mountain Endowment are not written, its artistic value is recognized. The expanded version of the "Divine Strategy Military Monument" in the National Library is also a rough stone, and only the Jia XiangDao collection remains, and only the first half of it. It was also purchased by Hong Kong after liberation and is the treasure of the National Library.
Liu Gongquan's Book Xiaokai "Nine Doubtful Mountain Endowments" Is an orphan copy that has been handed down from generation to generation, and the original stone has long ceased to exist, but the Tuoben is well preserved, word for word, whether in terms of preservation or artistic value, it is not inferior to the "Divine Strategy Military Monument". I ask the experts and seniors to study more, express different views, and when they have a conclusion, I will donate it to the country so that everyone can have it together. (Anon.)