Fuyang Ancient City Ruins is located in the northwest of Fuyang City, Yingquan District, Zhongbei Community Zhongshi Subdistrict Office Gucheng Village, northeast of the Yinghe Bend and The confluence of the Cihe River, southeast of Haizi Village, west of Ninglaozhuang Town, the Quan River flows quietly in its south, its special geographical location and the literature recorded that the Zhou Dynasty to Huaishui must pass through the important place Ofuhu Ancient Kingdom and Chu Kaolie Wang Migration in the north of Fuyang, the left bank of the Ci River have coincided. The site is a (county) municipal cultural relics protection unit, according to the results of the regional systematic survey organized by our personnel in early April and combined with the results of the Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics and the relevant data of the Three Census, the distribution area of the site is 4.7 million square meters, and the core area is about 1.5 million square meters.
In April 2020, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology cooperated with the Yinjiang Jihuai Project to carry out archaeological excavation work at the ancient city site. The excavation area is located within the 900-meter-long and 58-meter-wide red line involved in the construction, and is bounded by the 008 Township Road, dividing the excavation area into two parts, north and south, with a total excavation area of 1078.76 square meters. At present, there are 5 exploration parties (10 * 10 meters) in the southern ruins area, namely T1230, T1231, T1330 and T1331. A total of 46 tombs and 41 ash pits were excavated in the south and north districts, including two dog martyrdom and cattle sacrifice pits, two architectural scattered water remains, three pottery kilns, one stove, two rammed earth remains, one pottery burial pit, and one carriage and horse pit. It was found that there are remnants of Yangshao, Dawenkou, Longshan, Shangzhou, Zhan Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, Ming and Qing dynasties, and a total of 716 specimens have been excavated, with a long duration, a large chronological span and a wide distribution range.
Among them, there are 2 Ming tombs, 6 Song tombs, 3 Tang tombs, 21 Han tombs, 3 warring states period tombs, and 9 western Zhou period tombs, of which M35 and M44 are large-scale A-shaped vertical pit tombs, which are well preserved and have no robbery holes. M21 unearthed a large number of painted pottery figurines, painted horses. M8 unearthed a painted lacquer coffin, which is relatively well preserved. M9, M24, M27 unearthed a group of bronze ware, for the combination of Ding, Lu, Dun, pot, plate, shovel, etc., at the same time unearthed grain jade bi, jade, dragonfly eyes, ivory martingale, rhinoceros horn six bo chess, deer antler figurines, copper belt hook, crystal, glass beads and a large number of precious cultural relics, roughly the era is the middle of the Warring States. A pottery burial pit was found north of M24 and M27. A carriage pit was found in the south of M34. To the west of chema pit are the A-shaped tombs M35 and M44, arranged in parallel from north to south.
The first layer is the cultivated soil layer, 0.3-0.45 m from the surface, the second layer is the yellow sand layer, which is about 0.35-0.45 m thick, the third layer is the light yellow-brown silt layer, which is about 0.45-0.55 m thick, and the second and third layers are yellow pan layers, which may be formed in 1938. The yellow pan layer in the southern part of the site is thinner, and the yellow pan layer in the northern area is thicker. The latest cultural layer is the fourth layer, dark gray, loose soil, thickness of about 0.45-0.6m, the fifth layer is light yellowish gray, the soil is harder, sandwich soil particles, thickness of about 0.5-0.65m, the sixth layer is light reddish brown soil, thickness of about 0.5-0.65m, the seventh layer is gray soil, thickness of about 0.55-0.6m, the eighth layer may be the earliest yellow pan layer, thickness of about 1.9m, the ninth layer of gray soil, thickness of about 0.6m, the tenth layer of loess, thickness of about 0.55m, the eleventh layer of green soil thickness of about 0.5m The eleventh layer is yellow-brown raw soil with ash manganese particles, 7.5m from the surface.
Fuyang is close to the Central Plains, very strongly influenced by Shang culture, and is also the way for merchants to pass through the east[3], and the history books record that the Fuyang area is the seat of the "Hu State" of the Western Zhou Dynasty[4][5], "Suo Yin": "Suo Yin Zong Hu, Yi name." The Emperor of the Hu surname is named After him. Du Preyun 'There is a former Hucheng in the north of Ruyin County'. The Eleventh Volume of the Taiping Huanyu Chronicle of Henan Dao: "'The Fourth Year of the Spring and Autumn Zhao Gong': Chu Zi and Hu Zi Wu. Du pre-note: "Hu Guo, Ruyin Hu Cheng is also." ’”[6]。 Among the relics collected from the ancient city sites are a considerable number of Relics of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the first time that the tombs of the two Zhou Period in Anhui Have appeared in such a large number and concentration at the ancient city sites, marking that the area should have a certain relationship with the "Hu Kingdom" recorded in the literature. The age span of relics is large, there are more types of artifacts found, and there are certain laws in the distribution of relics, which may reflect that after the early ancestors were active here, this area should have a certain number of people in the later period, and there may be a fixed functional division in this area. Whether the scope of this functional division will follow the previous urban planning or the later adopted later urban planning methods is still unknown. With the excavation of the 12 Ding pottery pits, chema pits, and high-grade A-shaped tombs, it shows that the ruins of the ancient city once had a pivotal position in the two-week period. Since it is located at the hub of the Central Plains and the East, continuing to carry out archaeological and research work on ancient city sites will help us understand the historical evolution, urban planning layout and functional evolution of this region, and will be of great significance for further exploring the relationship between the Central Plains and the eastern region.
From March 15 to 17, 2021, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage organized a working group to inspect the archaeological excavation project of the ancient city site in Fuyang, Anhui Province. After investigation, from April to December 2020, during the archaeological excavation of the fuyang ancient city site by the Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the person in charge of the archaeological excavation project was absent from the archaeological site for a long time, and the on-site excavators changed the archaeological excavation plan without authorization and used large-scale machinery to excavate and destroy the cultural relics. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage promptly gave feedback on the inspection to the Department of Culture and Tourism of Anhui Province and the Bureau of Cultural Relics, and instructed it to strengthen archaeological management, seriously pursue responsibility and accountability, and strengthen the safety of cultural relics.
The illegal excavation of the ruins of Fuyang Ancient City has exposed problems such as chaotic organization and management of archaeological projects and endangering the safety of cultural relics, which are serious in nature and have a very bad impact. The administrative departments for cultural relics and the qualified units for archaeological excavations in all localities should profoundly learn lessons, take them as a warning, learn from each other, and take effective measures to effectively strengthen archaeological management, avoid the recurrence of similar incidents, and ensure the safety of cultural relics.